离心泵叶轮内水流相对速度的实验研究

该研究应用PIV系统(粒子成像测速仪)这种先进的流场测试技术在不干扰流场的情况下,进行高精度的测量,即利用撒在流体中的粒子对光的散射作用,用光学的方法记录下粒子在不同时刻的位置,从而得到粒子的位移,基于粒子对流场的跟随性,测出水流在离心泵叶片流道内的绝对速度分布,并利用软件进行数据处理,得到离心叶轮内部从吸力边到压力边相对速度的分布,为离心泵的设计提供了更为可靠的理论依据。     

示踪粒子在离心泵内流场跟随性的影响因素分析

以修正后适用于低雷诺数下粒子在离心泵叶轮内运动方程为基础,给出离心泵内流场粒子成像测速(Particle imagevelocimetry,PIV)测试中示踪粒子跟随性的数学表述。据此对离心泵内流场中示踪粒子的运动进行数值计算,讨论粒子跟随性对粒子物理特性和离心泵内流场性质的依赖关系。并在现有几种模型基础上对比讨论各项力对粒子跟随性的贡献,指出各模型的优缺点。计算结果表明,密度接近流体的密度的中性悬浮粒子跟随性较好;对于密度较大的粒子只有粒子直径足够小才能跟随到一定范围内湍流角频率的流动;粒子径向跟随性比周向复杂得多;在离心泵叶轮内低速漩涡区粒子跟随性较差,尤其是在径向方向上;离心泵叶轮旋转引起的离心力和科氏力以及流道弯曲产生的离心力对粒子跟随性影响很大。通过了解和掌握这些因素的影响,对于离心泵内流场PIV测试中采用合适的示踪粒子和控制粒子跟随性误差具有重要的理论指导意义。     

炼化装置离心泵的维修周期及可靠性研究

离心泵是炼化装置的重要组成部分,为延长装置中离心泵的使用寿命,减少泵被迫停机次数,对装置内离心泵的寿命分布类型和运行可靠性规律进行研究。对金陵石化II套加氢裂化装置中的离心泵进行运行可靠性研究,通过数据采集,K-S检测等手段来确定离心泵的有效运行时间,得到服从三参数威布尔分布,利用三参数威布尔分布得到离心泵的预防性维护周期概率密度函数、可靠性趋势和失效率函数。分析结果表明:现阶段该套装置中离心泵的平均无故障时间为3007.21h,维修时间大多集中在1531h左右。     

叶片出口安放角对离心泵内流场影响的研究

采用Fluent软件对离心泵的内部流场进行了数值模拟,分析了离心泵内压力和速度的分布规律,得到了叶片出口安放角对离心泵速度场和压力场的影响规律.     

实验用离心泵叶轮内流场的PIV测量

离心泵叶轮内流场的流动规律直接影响泵的扬程、效率等外特性指标,利用PIV测试技术可以在不干扰流场的情况下,进行高精度的测量。在实验中,使用PIV测量技术测量了离心泵内部流场,得到了离心泵内的速度分布,初步掌握了离心泵在不同工作条件下内部的流动特性。     

离心泵内大颗粒下运动特性数值模拟与磨损分析

针对离心泵内固液两相流动问题,采用离散模型(DPM),考虑液相与固体颗粒之间相互作用,对离心泵内固液流场中大直径颗粒的粒子运动进行了数值模拟。并对颗粒的运动轨迹、固液两相流磨损进行了进一步的分析。使用UDF文件对颗粒加入Basset力,通过粒子运动轨迹线与恒定非恒定流线的对比,得出了粒子随直径变化对离心泵内流动情况的影响,并在此基础上进行了内部流动对性能的影响以及磨损规律分析。研究结果表明,当粒子直径大于1 mm时,通过使用DPM模型能更准确地获得粒子在泵内的运动情况,颗粒的运动轨迹向叶片工作面偏转较大并且存在多次撞击过程对叶片的磨损程度大,小颗粒易与叶片工作面后端发生撞击,且速度较低,对叶片的冲蚀磨损相对弱些。     

基于空化模型的多级离心泵汽蚀性能分析

应用Rayle igh-P lesset气泡方程建立离心泵空化模型,并与气液两相湍流控制方程耦合求解,得到了多级离心泵内三维湍流场及气液相分布,捕捉到气泡的初生、发展及冷凝过程。计算了不同流量下的离心泵的必需汽蚀余量并与实测结果进行了对比分析。     

离心泵闭式叶轮内颗粒运动的实验研究

利用高速摄影技术对离心泵闭式叶轮流道内的颗粒运动进行了观测实验,给出泵叶轮内两相流运动中颗粒平均速度分布和浓度分布以及单颗粒在叶道内的运动轨迹及速度分布,得到了叶轮内易严重磨损的部位,并提出了相应的杂质泵设计改进措施。     

多级离心泵全流道流场的三维定常数值研究

基于雷诺时均N-S方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,采用多重参考坐标系法,对某型多级离心泵进行全流道流场在设计工况下的三维定常数值计算,得到了多级离心泵内每一级典型截面的静压、总压、速度和迹线的分布规律。数值计算结果对多级离心泵的水力设计或改型优化设计具有指导意义。     

离心泵叶片尾部结构优化设计对性能影响的研究

优化离心泵叶片结构是改善其性能参数的有效途径。叶片的尾部结构与泵内液体的流动状况存在一定关系,而泵内的流动状况很大程度上影响着离心泵的压强分布和空化性能。为进一步优化离心泵的空化性能,以一定数量的叶片为前提,优化泵内3种叶片的尾部结构进行泵内的流场计算和空化计算,以期得到抗空化性能更好的叶片结构。     

TWO-DIMENSIONAL PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY（PIV） MEASUREMENTS IN A TRANSPARENT CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

A special transparent centrifugal pump is designed. Detailed optical measurements of the flow inside the rotating passages of a five-bladed shroud centrifugal pump impeller have been performed by using two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV). The flow is surveyed at three load conditions qV/Vd = 0.4, qV/qVd = 1.0, qVlqVd = 1.5, respectively. As a result, phase averaged PIV velocity vector maps on three planes between hub and shroud of the impeller are presented. At design load, the mean field of relative velocity is predominantly vane congruent, showing well-behaved flow without separation. The distributions of the relative velocity on different plane along the pump shaft are very different and there is always a low velocity zone near the pressure-side of the blade at both low and design flow rate, but the low-velocity-zone at the low flow rate is much larger than that at the design one. The study demonstrates that the PIV technique is efficient in providing reliable and detailed velocity data o     

Evaluation of subgrid-scale models in large-eddy simulations of turbulent flow in a centrifugal pump impeller

The current research of large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flow in pumps mainly concentrates in applying conventional subgrid-scale (SGS) model to simulate turbulent flow, which aims at obtaining the flow field in pump. The selection of SGS model is usually not considered seriously, so the accuracy and efficiency of the simulation cannot be ensured. Three SGS models including Smagorinsky-Lilly model, dynamic Smagorinsky model and dynamic mixed model are comparably studied by using the commercial CFD code Fluent combined with its user define function. The simulations are performed for the turbulent flow in a centrifugal pump impeller. The simulation results indicate that the mean flows predicted by the three SGS models agree well with the experimental data obtained from the test that detailed measurements of the flow inside the rotating passages of a six-bladed shrouded centrifugal pump impeller performed using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). The comparable results show that dynamic mixed model gives the most accurate results for mean flow in the centrifugal pump impeller. The SGS stress of dynamic mixed model is decompose into the scale similar part and the eddy viscous part. The scale similar part of SGS stress plays a significant role in high curvature regions, such as the leading edge and training edge of pump blade. It is also found that the dynamic mixed model is more adaptive to compute turbulence in the pump impeller. The research results presented is useful to improve the computational accuracy and efficiency of LES for centrifugal pumps, and provide important reference for carrying out simulation in similar fluid machineries.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION BY COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STIRRED BIOREACTOR WITH PUNCHED IMPELLER

Instantaneous flow field and temperature field of the two-phase fluid are measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV) and steady state method during the state of onflow. A turbulent two-phase fluid model of stirred bioreactor with punched impeller is established by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), using a rotating coordinate system and sliding mesh to describe the relative motion between impeller and baffles. The simulation and experiment results of flow and temperature field prove their warps are less than 10% and the mathematic model can well simulate the fields, which will also provide the study on optimized-design and scale-up of bioreactors with reference value.     

Rushton桨搅拌槽内平均流场的二维PIV试验研究

用粒子图像测速技术(Particle image velocimetry,简称PIV)对带有Rushton桨叶的,无挡板搅拌槽内的流场进行研究。在叶轮转速240 r/min下,流动的雷诺数Re=1 527时,获取了桨叶处以及桨叶转过5个不同角度处的粒子图像。在对粒子图像进行处理和计算后,得到了相平均速度场和系综平均速度场,并给出了速度分布剖面图。结果表明,所研究的Rushton桨搅拌槽内径向喷射流动沿桨叶垂直方向是非对称的,而是向下方倾斜。在桨叶附近,径向流动速度高。随着流动远离桨叶,径向速度在降低。因此径向喷射流动作用就相当于自由射流:叶轮桨叶喷射出的流体进入周围大量低速运动的流体中,卷吸周围流体,并沿轴向和径向扩散,从而使更多的流体参与混合和反应。所作研究对于深入了解搅拌槽内流场结构具有实际意义。     

CALCULATION OF SPLITTING VANES AND INNER FLOW ANALYSIS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IMPELLER

The calculation method for vane numbers is obtained on the intention that it should have no back flow area in the flow passage of centrifugal passage. Then a criterion that the design of splitting vanes of centrifugal compound impeller should ensure that the back flow area ratio be the minimum is proposed. On the basis of the criterion, the slippery theory is used as one of CFD methods to analyze the inner flow field of the impeller of various kinds of splitting vanes design, therefore, the optimized design of splitting vanes is obtained and which agrees with that of some testing results.     

前向多翼式离心风机蜗舌附近流场的PIV试验研究

对前向多翼式离心风机建立了性能及流场测试台位,性能试验重复性良好。用粒子图像速度场仪(Particleimage velocimetry,PIV)技术对蜗舌附近速度矢量场做了详细的变工况测量及分析。结果表明,蜗舌附近的主要流动特征由冲向蜗舌的速度矢量方向及蜗舌周围滞止区的影响范围所决定。小流量时,滞止区影响范围主要在蜗舌间隙流道内,造成速度矢量向叶轮内偏斜,蜗舌下游易形成分离旋涡而恶化;大流量时,滞止区影响范围偏向蜗壳出口流道,蜗舌间隙流动较好。此外,在蜗舌间隙沿轴向不同位置返回蜗壳的流量也不同,这主要与叶片不同段做功能力不同有关。     

离心泵偏置短叶片叶轮内部流动的粒子图像速度测量

对三副短叶片不同偏置的低比转数复合叶轮离心泵,应用粒子图像速度仪分别测试大流量、设计流量和小流量三种工况下长短叶片叶轮同一叶槽内的瞬时流场.分析叶槽内相对速度矢量、速度等值线的特征,揭示短叶片不同偏置时的速度分布规律.研究三副长短叶片复合叶轮出口处径向速度、切向速度、相对速度和相对液流角沿圆周的分布,测得与三副叶轮相对应的泵外特性曲线.测量结果表明,分流短叶片不同偏置对叶槽内流场的影响差异明显,当短叶片进口相对出口向压力面偏转时,叶轮出口相对速度分布很不均匀,短叶片工作面出口存在较大的低速区;与之相反,当短叶片进口相对出口向吸力面偏转时,叶轮出口速度分布较均匀,并且泵的扬程与流量曲线明显右移,大流量时,效率显著提高.     

颗粒浓度对离心风机磨损的影响规律数值研究

当含尘气体经过除尘设备净化后,粉尘粒径已经很小,在两相流中更多的表现出流动性,颗粒浓度成为影响叶轮磨损的重要因素。由此,可基于雷诺应力湍流模型和Tabakoff and Grant的磨损模型,对离心风机叶轮中气固两相流进行数值计算,得到不同粒径的颗粒在不同的入口浓度条件下对风机压力面的磨损位置、形态和磨损率。研究结果表明,磨损位置与粒径大小有关,颗粒数量浓度对磨损率的影响远高于质量浓度对磨损率的影响。     

基于Workbench整体叶轮流固耦合强度分析

作为许多动力机械的核心部件的叶轮,其强度及可靠性的问题日渐突出。叶轮工作时,流体力和高速旋转时的离心力为其主要载荷。基于Workbench软件对整体叶轮的内部流场和工作压力分布进行数值模拟;使用ANSYS CFX进行复杂几何形状叶轮的流体动力分析,得到了整体叶轮的流场和工作压力场及流体载荷在叶轮内部产生的等效应力分布图,并耦合了旋转离心载荷等,研究了在高压工况情况下,叶轮的载荷组成和流固耦合下的叶轮强度。