基于椭圆曲线的可认证三方密钥协商

随着网络应用的发展,密钥建立技术成为安全数据通信的基础.密钥建立包括密钥传送和密钥协商.文中基于椭圆曲线公钥密码体制和Diffie-Hellman问题构造了两个可认证三方会话密钥协商协议,具有较强的安全性和较高的效率,可满足三方通信或需要特殊服务的两方通信的需要.     

提供分级接入控制机制的聚合组密钥协商算法

高效并能实时更新密钥的组密钥协商算法是保证无线自组织网络通信内容安全性和私密性的前提。本文针对成员对多个资源拥有不同接入权限的情况,将集中式分级接入控制机制中的密钥管理算法应用于无线自组织网络中,提出了聚合组密钥协商算法IGK。对密钥建立时的计算开销和通信开销的理论分析表明,聚合组密钥协商算法在密钥建立时要优于单组密钥协商算法。     

一种基于概率的密钥协商方法

本文分析了传统的密钥建立的方法和缺陷,提出了一种计算机网络通信环境下,不需要建立种子密钥的基于概率的密钥协商方法,并对其可行性进行了初步研究。     

基于分簇的Ad Hoc网络组密钥建立方案

针对移动Ad Hoc网络的特点,提出了一个基于分簇的移动Ad Hoc网络组密钥建立方案.该方案首先采用部分协商和部分分发相结合的方式建立簇密钥,然后采用完全协商的方式来建立组密钥.协商过程采用椭圆曲线密码体制和双线性对来实施,能够对不诚实节点进行检测和鉴别.簇密钥分发则采用成员过滤技术来实施.另外,还提出了一个签名方案来提供认证性.提出的组密钥建立方案有效地降低了组密钥建立过程的计算和通信开销,并具有较高的安全性和可用性.     

传感器网络中基于对偶编码的随机密钥建立算法

为进一步提高传感器网络节点之间建立直接密钥的概率,降低间接密钥建立过程的通信开销,提高密钥的安全性能,提出了一种新的基于对偶编码的随机密钥建立算法。在新算法中,首先,采用随机数字对节点进行编码;然后,节点之间通过不同位进行第一次通信,并经过三次握手确定最终的密钥参数。理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,与传统的对偶密钥建立算法相比,新算法具有更高的密钥建立概率、密钥安全性能和更低的通信开销。     

面向Ad Hoc网络的无证书认证组密钥协商协议

安全和效率是影响无证书认证组密钥协商协议能否在Ad Hoc网络中得到实际应用的两个关键因素。针对这两个关键因素，以提高Ad Hoc网络安全组通信的安全性和效率为目标，提出一个无证书认证组密钥协商协议，基于椭圆曲线密码体制（ECC）点乘运算实现无配对的无证书认证组密钥协商和身份认证；并使用Huffman密钥树优化通信轮数，以降低计算量和通信量，提高组密钥协商效率。安全分析和性能分析表明，与现有基于无证书的组密钥协商协议相比，所提方案在组密钥协商时具有较高的效率和安全性，可以满足资源受限条件下组密钥建立以及组成员变动带来的密钥更新问题。     

一种优化的组密钥协商算法smart-GDH

组密钥协商完成在一组成员之间协商密钥,从而有效地保护组内通信。密钥协商能够保证即使有第三方在对本密钥协商有着全面的了解和能够窃听到了所有通信过程的消息,也不能计算出这个密钥。目前有许多成熟的算法,文章中介绍了一种优化的GDH组密钥协商算法smart-GDH。     

基于无证书密码学的可认证三方密钥协商协议

为了使密钥协商协议能够抵抗主动攻击,提出了一个可认证的无证书三方密钥协商协议。首先分析现有密钥协商协议的特点,然后以无证书密码学理论为基础设计一个安全的三方密钥协商协议。该协议只需要一轮消息交换就可以建立起安全的三方会话密钥,有效地克服了密钥托管问题,提供完善的前向安全性。通过性能分析表明,该协议具有较高的安全性和运行效率。     

基于混沌映射的用户匿名三方口令认证密钥协商协议

在基于混沌的三方口令认证密钥协商协议中,用户通过低熵的口令实现相互认证和共享会话密钥,以避免在身份认证过程中公钥基础设施或存储用户长期密钥的安全威胁。通过分析Lee提出的基于混沌映射的口令认证密钥协商协议,发现其协议不能进行口令变更,而且仅适用于用户和服务器之间的两方通信。为了改进此方案,提出两个基于切比雪夫混沌映射的用户匿名三方口令认证密钥协商协议,包括基于时钟同步的密钥协商方案和基于随机数的密钥协商方案。其中基于时钟同步的用户匿名三方口令认证密钥协商协议通信量少,基于随机数的用户匿名三方口令认证密钥协商协议更容易实现。两个方案的优点是用户仅选择一个简单的口令进行相互认证和密钥协商,服务器不需要再保护用户口令表,避免了口令相关的攻击,而且在相互认证过程中用户使用临时身份和哈希函数,实现用户匿名性,在增强协议安全性的同时,减少了通信过程中消息的数量,提高了协议的执行效率,具有完美前向安全,并用BAN逻辑证明了其安全性。     

传感器网络中建立路径密钥的增强方案

针对传统密钥预分配方案中路径密钥建立路径长,通信开销大,且实施路径密钥建立阶段后,网络安全连通率增长速度不是很快等诸多问题,提出了一种建立路径密钥的增强方案.在路径密钥建立阶段,增强方案充分利用了节点通信范围内与其安全连通的邻节点中预分配的密钥,增加了用于路径密钥协商的节点的数量.对增强方案与无增强措施的原方案进行性能分析与比较,结果表明,实施增强方案后,网络安全连通率得到了明显的提高,使网络安全连通率可以很快达到1.同时,为达到预期的网络安全连通率,增强方案所需的预置密钥数目可以少得多.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.