Viscous property and osteogenesis induction of hydroxyapatite thermal decomposition product mixed with gelatin implanted into rabbit femurs

The viscosity of hydroxyapatite thermal decomposition product mixed with gelatin (HATDP-G) and the osteogenesis induced by this mixture were investigated. To determine the viscosity of HATDP-G, we measured the average diameter of a slumped mass of HATDP-G (0.5 ml) according to the American Dental Association Specification No. 8, with some modifications, and compared it with that of an equal mass of HATDP and of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. The mean diameter of 10 samples each of HATDP-G, HATDP, and PMMA bone cement was 26.8+/-0.9 mm, 19.6+/-0.2 mm and 29.2+/-0.3 mm, respectively, 2 min after the mixing procedure. HATDP-G was injected into the bone marrow of the right femurs of 25 rabbits. As the control, gelatin with saline solution was injected into the left femurs. New bone formation was observed in all 20 femurs from three weeks after injection. No new bone formation was observed in the control femurs. The affinity index, a parameter of osteogenesis, was 19.8+/-6.1%, 27.5+/-2.6%, 52.9+/-9.5%, and 76.3+/-1.9% at 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after the injection, respectively. Significant increases in the affinity index were found between weeks 6 and 12, and weeks 12 and 24 (p < 0.05). Our findings indicated that HATDP-G might be successfully used as a bioactive bone cement.     

Osteogenic response of the rabbit femur to a hydroxyapatite thermal decomposition product-fibrin glue mixture

The effect of fibrin glue on the hardening process of hydroxyapatite thermal decomposition product (HATDP) was investigated in vitro. To study, in vivo, the effect of fibrin glue on osteogenesis, a mixture of HATDP with fibrin glue was injected into the left femurs of 20 rabbits, and HATDP without fibrin glue was injected into the right femurs. New bone formation was observed in the area of direct contact with the fibrin-containing mixture in the metaphysis at 2 weeks after injection in two of four femurs, but not in the fibrin-free group. At 4 weeks after injection, new bone formed a bridge between the mixture and the cortical bone in three of the four specimens. A parameter of osteogenesis (the affinity index) was calculated at 4, 12 and 24 weeks after injection. It was respectively 0.14+/-0.02, 0.49+/-0.12 and 0.44+/-0.05 for the fibrin-containing mixture, and 0.14+/-0.062, 0.44+/-0.15 and 0.49+/-0.04 for the control. A comparable but significant increase in the average affinity index was noted over 12 weeks in both the fibrin-containing and the fibrin-free HATDP. These findings indicate that fibrin glue accelerated the hardening of HATDP but did not inhibit the process of osteogenesis.     

Development of bioactive bone cement and its clinical applications

This paper is a summary of already published papers on the bioactive bone cement (BA cement) which consists of CaO-SiO2-P2O5-MgO-CaF2 (AW glass-ceramic) powder and bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) resin. Two types of BA cement, dough and injection type, were prepared by changing their chemical compositions slightly. They harden in a few minutes exhibiting much lower curing temperature than PMMA cement. They have significantly higher compressive, bending, and tensile strengths than PMMA cement and have a character of bonding directly with bone in 4-8 weeks in vivo. Intercalary prosthetic replacement of the femur and total prosthetic replacement of the hip were performed in dogs using either PMMA cement or BA cement. Mechanical tests demonstrated that fixation strengths of these prostheses with BA cement increased with time and were significantly greater than those with PMMA cement tested at any time. Results of histological examinations showed direct bonding between BA cement and bone, and that the bone trabeculae around BA cement mantle grew with time, while with PMMA cement an intervening soft tissue layer was always observed at the cement-bone interface. BA cement was used in a few aged patients to install a hip prosthesis either in cases of revision or femoral neck fracture. The longest follow-up period of the patient is 4 yrs. The patients have been doing well with no adverse effect of the cement to date.     

钢铁熔渣在高压水射流条件下的粒度与胶凝活性变化规律

通过自行设计搭建的高温熔融-高压水射流装置,进行了熔融态转炉钢渣与高炉渣的高压水射流试验.试验表明:采用高压水射流直接冷却微细化的方法能够同时实现转炉钢渣的微细化与胶凝活性增强;在本文试验条件下,采用8~10MPa的高压水,射流冷却后的射流钢渣体积平均粒度达到94.3μm,主要物相是玻璃相和结晶矿物Ca₂SiO₄,由其所制备胶凝材料养护28 d的抗压强度达33.96MPa,超过原钢渣制备胶凝材料8MPa.射流高炉矿渣形成絮状结构,并具有更低胶凝活性.与熔融态高炉矿渣相比,熔融态转炉钢渣更适合采用高压水射流方法.     

Reinforcement of PMMA bone cement with a continuous wire coil--a 3D finite element study

The changes in the mechanical response of a bone cement reinforcement, comprised of a continuous stainless steel coil imbedded within the PMMA bone cement matrix surrounding the distal tip of the total hip arthroplasty, was investigated. To achieve this, a 3D finite element model depicting two and one half rotations of the coil imbedded within the cement at the distal tip was constructed. Ideally, the wire coil should reduce the radial, and to a greater extent, the hoop stresses developing within the cement and at the cement-stem interface. As a means of comparison, a control model of only bone cement was also built. For the radial stresses, the control had about 4.5 times the compressive stress of the reinforced models (0.039 (+/-0.00065) MPa vs. 0.0087 (+/-0.0012) MPa) at the cement-stem interface. The tensile hoop stresses were also 4.5 times higher (4.272 (+/-0.0147) MPa and 0.95 (+/-0.0052) MPa) for the control than for the reinforced models. This indicates that the wire coil reinforcement is effective in reducing the cement mantle's radial and, more importantly, the hoop stresses which may lead to the failure of both the cement and the implant as a whole.     

原位生成六铝酸钙对刚玉质多孔材料结构和性能的影响

为解决多孔透气材料力学强度与透气性能两者之间的矛盾, 以纯铝酸钙水泥为钙源, 在刚玉质多孔材料中原位生成六铝酸钙相, 研究了六铝酸钙生成量对多孔材料显微结构、物相组成及物理性能的影响。结果表明: 在1700℃保温3 h处理后, 添加纯铝酸钙水泥的试样中均有板状片六铝酸钙生成。当纯铝酸钙水泥添加量(质量分数)不超过3%时, 六铝酸钙的原位生成不仅提高了多孔材料的常温耐压强度和高温抗折强度(1400℃保温0.5 h), 还能改善材料的透气性能; 继续增加纯铝酸钙水泥的加入量, 多孔材料的上述性能降低。当纯铝酸钙水泥添加量(质量分数)为3%时, 试样常温耐压强度为33.6 MPa, 高温抗折强度为6.2 MPa, 达西渗流系数及非达西渗流系数分别为2.54×10-10 m2和1.46×10-6 m。     

硼泥掺杂对磷酸镁水泥性能的影响

硼泥是硼砂和硼酸生产过程中产生的工业废渣,大量排放不但占用大量的土地,造成地下水污染,失水后飞散成为粉尘,还造成大气污染。将硼泥掺杂到以重烧氧化镁和磷酸二氢钾为原材料制备的磷酸镁水泥中,研究硼泥掺杂对磷酸镁水泥性能的影响。结果表明：硼泥能够延长磷酸镁水泥的缓凝时间,同时能够提高水泥的抗压强度。硼泥的最佳掺量为10%,水泥凝结时间由原来的29 min延长到35 min,水泥抗压强度由56.21 MPa提高到58.7 MPa。XRD分析结果表明,硼泥的加入没有改变磷酸镁水泥的矿相结构。本研究可以为硼泥固废资源化利用提供依据。     

铅锌尾矿对水泥性能及矿物组成的影响

研究以铅锌尾矿为水泥原料,设计不同尾矿掺量的配方分别在1350℃下煅烧制备硅酸盐水泥熟料.采用甘油酒精法分析生料的易烧性,根据《水泥胶砂强度检测方法（ISO法）》测量水泥各龄期的抗压、抗折强度,用XRD研究了熟料的矿物组成,用SEM分析了矿物的晶体形貌.试验结果表明：当铅锌尾矿掺量为12.25%时,熟料中f-CaO含量最低,为0.07%.当铅锌尾矿掺量为12.25%-16%时,水泥各龄期强度均超过GB175-2007中规定的42.5标准水泥,其中铅锌尾矿掺量为12.25%时,3 d、28 d抗压强度分别为21.8 MPa、51.3 MPa.掺入铅锌尾矿后,熟料主要矿物为C3S,矿物形成良好.     

新型纳米水泥护壁堵漏材料在刚果(金)钻探中的应用

刚果(金)钻探项目位于加丹加铜钴矿带上,该带地质构造强烈,岩石风化和破碎程度普遍较高,不利于钻孔的施工.某钻孔在施工时遇到破碎段,需要进行水泥封固,采用常规水泥工艺封固失败,本次采用了新的纳米水泥护壁堵漏材料进行护壁堵漏后取得了成功;与常规水泥封孔相比,其候凝时间由之前的7天缩短至36小时,大大提高了工程进度,降低了勘...     

大掺量冶金渣制备高强度人工鱼礁混凝土的试验研究

通过正交试验研究了用作制备高强度人工鱼礁的钢渣-矿渣-熟料-石膏体系胶凝材料的强度.净浆正交试验表明:钢渣:矿渣的复合比为5:3,并与10%的水泥熟料和10%的脱硫石膏复合的胶凝材料具有较高的强度.以优化后的胶凝材料代替水泥,并以热闷法稳定化的钢渣颗粒为骨料,可以制备出抗压强度达到50 MPa以上的人工鱼礁混凝土.利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析净浆的水化过程,发现体系在早期水化主要生成AFt相和C-S-H凝胶,在后期钢渣和矿渣的火山灰活性反应对强度的增长起主要作用.     

铁尾矿粉制备高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料

探索采用铁尾矿粉取代粉煤灰作为矿物掺合料制备高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料（ECC）的可行性,重点研究铁尾矿粉掺量对ECC的拉伸特性和抗压强度的影响,并比较所研发的新型铁尾矿粉ECC与传统粉煤灰ECC的宏观力学性能.研究发现,采用铁尾矿粉作为矿物掺合料制备高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料是可行的.在同等矿物掺合料掺量下,铁尾矿粉ECC的强度性能低于粉煤灰ECC,但表现出更强的拉伸延性.在所研制的铁尾矿粉ECC中,当铁尾矿粉与水泥质量比为1.2-2.2时,ECC的28 d抗压强度为36.7-54.2 MPa,满足一般混凝土结构对抗压强度的要求.此时,ECC的28 d极限拉伸应变为3.4%-4.3%,铁尾矿的总用量占固体基体原材料总质量的66.6%-77.0%.     

激发剂对赤泥-黄金尾矿-碱矿渣体系性能的影响

为提高危险固体废弃物的综合利用水平,依据赤泥、黄金尾矿及矿渣三种固体废弃物的特性,研究NaOH、KOH和Na₂SiO₃三种激发剂对赤泥-黄金尾矿碱矿渣体系性能的影响。并在此基础上通过XRD、FT-IR、TGA/DSC和SEM等表征手段明晰其微观反应机理。结果表明,当Na₂SiO₃为激发剂时,复合胶凝材料体系的激发效果最好,标养3天的胶砂抗折强度和抗压强度分别达到5.5和23.5 MPa;标养28天的胶砂试件抗折强度和抗压强度分别为8.8和43.21 MPa,可达到P·I42.5水泥强度指标。通过微观分析得知,试件的主要强度来源物质为钙矾石和水化硅铝酸钙凝胶,力学性能高的材料其微观结构更为密实,碱激发水化产物数量更多。     

Q345钢连铸坯压缩状态下的高温力学性能

Q345钢应用广泛,其在拉伸状态下的高温力学性能已有部分研究,但高温压缩力学性能数据匮乏。利用Gleeble-3500热模拟机对Q345钢连铸坯试样进行了热压缩试验,研究了应变速率为0.01 s-1时试样在压缩状态下的屈服强度、抗压强度和弹性模量等随温度(973~1 673 K)的变化规律,同时探讨了试样在1 473 K时不同应变速率(0.001、0.01和0.05 s-1)下的高温力学性能。结果表明,在973~1 373 K温度内,屈服强度和抗压强度都表现出对温度的敏感性。屈服强度由90降到24 MPa,抗压强度由202降到40 MPa。在1 373~1 673 K温度内,屈服强度和抗压强度降幅都很小。弹性模量随温度的升高而减小,其值在1 473和1 573 K温度下相差最大,达1 712 MPa。屈服强度对应变速率的变化并不敏感,均在20 MPa左右,而极限抗压强度由28增加到45 MPa。最后根据试验数据绘制了Q345钢连铸坯在热压缩状态下的屈服强度等高温性能参数随温度变化的关系曲线,可为轻/重压下等技术提供参考数据。     

利用碳铬渣制备耐火浇注料的试验

对碳铬渣进行矿物分析,得知其矿物组成主要是镁橄榄石和镁铝尖晶石;研究了不同粒径骨料和不同煅烧温度对耐火浇筑料力学性能的影响。结果表明：级配合理的碳铬渣骨料,掺入适量的镁砂粉,以铝酸盐水泥为结合剂,经过1500℃煅烧,可以制备常温力学性能优异的耐火浇注料,其耐压强度大于110MPa,抗折强度可达12.74MPa。     

胶结充填用冶金渣协同垃圾焚烧飞灰固镉机理

胶结充填采矿协同利用垃圾焚烧飞灰是解决飞灰日益激增的新思路,可大量资源化利用飞灰并固化其中的重金属离子.本文以矿渣-钢渣基胶凝材料(简称冶金渣胶凝材料)分别结合4种城市垃圾焚烧(MSWI)飞灰制备胶凝材料,并以全尾砂作为骨料制成胶结充填料,测定充填料试样的流动度、抗压强度以及Cd²⁺浸出质量浓度:冶金渣-垃圾焚烧飞灰基充填料试样的流动度为240~265 mm,满足矿山充填的泵送要求;28 d抗压强度均大于8.88 MPa,满足一般矿山充填1~6.5 MPa的强度要求;Cd²⁺浸出液质量浓度低于饮用水标准5 μg·L^-1的限值.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)和热重-差示扫描量热法(TG-DSC)分析表明胶凝材料的主要水化产物组成为钙矾石、Friedel盐和C-S-H凝胶;通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)发现Cd²⁺对Al²⁺的结合能有较大影响,钙矾石、Friedel盐可能对镉离子有固化作用.     

不同块石配比充填体的强度特性研究

利用RMT-150C型液压伺服控制系统进行不同块石含量胶结充填体的室内单轴抗压试验,得到块石质量百分数为0时抗压强度值为3.800 MPa,30%时抗压强度值为4.090 MPa,40%时抗压强度值为2.729 MPa,50%时抗压强度值为3.333 MPa,抗压强度值随块石含量增加呈现先增后减再增的变化规律;分析4组应力-应变曲线峰值应力对应的应变可得,块石含量为0时峰值应力对应的应变在0.006附近,30%时峰值应力对应的应变在0.0075附近,40%时峰值应力对应的应变在0.010附近,50%时峰值应力对应的应变在0.0125附近.说明块石的增加有效提高了充填体的变形能力,但在一定程度上削减了充填体的支承能力.     

膏体充填用矿渣--钢渣基胶结剂协同固化Pb2+

利用矿渣-钢渣基胶凝材料（简称冶金渣胶凝材料）代替传统充填料中使用的水泥作为胶结剂,掺入含铅尾砂制成胶结充填料试样,通过流动度和抗压强度表征其工作性能,通过Pb2+浸出质量浓度表征其固化效果,通过X射线衍射、红外光谱、差示扫描量热法等手段分析其物相组成,并与P·I 42.5硅酸盐水泥作对比.在相同条件下,冶金渣胶凝材料试样的流动度平均高出水泥50 mm,且28 d强度符合一般矿山3.0 MPa的要求.冶金渣胶凝材料试样28 d龄期铅浸出质量浓度低于地下水环境质量标准Ⅲ类水0.05 mg·L-1的限值,而水泥为0.1 mg·L-1左右.冶金渣固化铅性能优于水泥的机理在于冶金渣胶凝材料水化生成更多钙矾石.此外,冶金渣胶凝材料水化产物可能存在类沸石相,更有利于吸附固化PbPb2+.      

建筑垃圾制备膏体充填材料骨料级配优化

建筑垃圾用作井下充填材料,不仅可以消除其大量堆放造成的环境危害,而且可以解决矿山采空区充填材料不足的问题,有效维护采场安全.采用土工试验的方法,测试了建筑垃圾的基本物理性质.针对建筑垃圾一次破碎中间粒径缺失问题,提出了新的破碎工艺,即将一次破碎后粗骨料的1/3二次破碎至15 mm以下后回混,能够得到级配良好的骨料.根据...     

高温热震对具有SiC涂层的C/C复合材料压缩性能的影响

采用化学气相反应法在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC涂层,对SiC涂层C/C复合材料试样进行热震实验。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析等研究涂层的形貌和结构,采用压缩性能试验研究热震次数及热震温度对SiC涂层C/C复合材料试样压缩性能的影响。结果表明:试样的抗压强度在197.9~237.0 MPa之间,平均抗压强度为210.4 MPa。在1 100℃下进行热震实验,抗压强度随热震次数增加呈近似线性降低趋势;当热震次数一定时(15次循环热震),在900~1 500℃温度范围内,抗压强度随热震温度升高逐渐降低。热震温度为1 500℃时,热震后试样的抗压强度略有升高,主要与热震过程中氧化形成的SiO2玻璃的高温自愈合作用有关。     

矿渣-粉煤灰基高性能混凝土专用胶凝材料

通过优化配比组分、粒级设计和使用外加剂,制备出一种高掺量矿渣、粉煤灰且使用水泥熟料较少的矿渣-粉煤灰基高性能混凝土专用胶凝材料.研究了物料粉磨方式、石膏掺量、矿渣与粉煤灰的掺量及比例对复合高性能胶凝材料体系强度的影响,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)微观分析手段观察其微观结构和水化产物,阐明了复合胶凝材料活性与级配协同优化效应.复合胶凝材料胶砂水胶比为0.36时具有较好的流动度,胶砂试块养护28d抗压强度可以达到58.9MPa,抗折强度达到14.2MPa,并具有良好的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,配制的混凝土具有良好的抗碳化性能.