Third-Party Handshake Protocol for Efficient Peer Discovery and Route Optimization in IEEE 802.15.3 WPANs

Designed for high data rate wireless personal area networks, the IEEE 802.15.3 medium access control (MAC) protocol fits well with emerging technologies like ultra-wideband. Peer discovery is essential in 802.15.3 piconets in which devices (DEVs) exchange MAC frames in a peer-to-peer manner. If two peer DEVs are unreachable, the standard peer discovery method will fail after unproductive backoff retransmissions, and a costly network layer routing is required. For DEVs uniformly distributed over the maximum coverage area of a piconet, such failures occur in up to 41.3% of intra-piconet peer discoveries. In this paper, we propose a novel third-party handshake protocol (3PHP) that provides more reliable and prompt peer discovery than the standard method. Especially, between directly unreachable DEVs within the same piconet, 3PHP replaces network layer routing by an efficient MAC layer forwarding that utilizes the available self-learning rate information to establish optimal routes. The mean peer discovery time for 3PHP is 100 μs lower than the standard method between directly reachable DEVs. More significantly, between directly unreachable DEVs within the same piconet, 3PHP has a much lower failure probability, and is up to 10 times faster than the standard method in establishing a peer-to-peer connection as the latter fails and network layer routing is invoked. Paper accepted for publication in ACM/Kluwers MONET. This paper is based in part on a paper presented at IEEE BroadNets 2005, Boston, MA, Oct. 2005.     

Energy-efficient Rate Adaptation MAC Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

In this paper, two novel energy-efficient rate adaptation schemes are presented. The proposed protocols use the Distributed Power Control (DPC) algorithm to predict the channel state and determine the necessary transmission power which optimizes the energy consumption. The first proposed rate adaptation scheme heuristically alters the modulation rate to balance the energy-efficiency and the required throughput which is estimated with queue fill ratio. Moreover, the back-off scheme is incorporated to mitigate congestion and reduce packet losses due to buffer overflows thus minimizing energy consumption. Consequently, the nodes will conserve energy when the traffic is low, offer higher throughput when needed and save energy during congestion by limiting transmission rates. The second rate adaptation scheme employs dynamic programming (DP) principle to analytically select modulation rate and a burst size to be used during transmission. The proposed quadratic cost-function minimizes the energy consumption while alleviating network congestions and buffer overflows. The proposed DP solution renders a Riccati equation ultimately providing an optimal rate selection. The simulation results indicate that an increase in throughput by 96% and energy-efficiency by 131% is observed when compared to other available protocols, for example Receiver Based AutoRate (RBAR).

A Credit-Based On-Demand QoS Routing Protocol Over Bluetooth WPANs

The quality-of-service (QoS) communication that supports mobile applications to guarantee bandwidth utilization is an important issue for Bluetooth wireless personal area networks (WPANs). In this paper, we address the problem of on-demand QoS routing with interpiconet scheduling in Bluetooth WPANs. A credit-based QoS (CQ) routing protocol is developed which considers different Bluetooth packet types, because different types of Bluetooth packets have different bandwidth utilization levels. This work improves the bandwidth utilization of Bluetooth scatternets by providing a new interpiconet scheduling scheme. This paper mainly proposes a centralized algorithm to improve the bandwidth utilization for the on-demand QoS routing protocol. The centralized algorithm incurs the scalability problem. To alleviate the scalability problem, a distributed algorithm is also investigated in this work. The performance analysis illustrates that our credit-based QoS routing protocol achieves enhanced performance compared to existing QoS routing protocols.This work was supported by the National Science Council of the Republic of China under grant nos. NSC-92-2213-E-194-022 and NSC-93-2213-E-194-028. Yuh-Shyan Chen received the B.S. degree in computer science from Tamkang University, Taiwan, Republic of China, in June 1988 and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science and Information Engineering from the National Central University, Taiwan, Republic of China, in June 1991 and January 1996, respectively. He joined the faculty of Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering at Chung-Hua University, Taiwan, Republic of China, as an associate professor in February 1996. He joined the Department of Statistic, National Taipei University in August 2000, and joined the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University in August 2002. Dr. Chen served as Co-Editors-in-Chief of International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing (IJAHUC), Editorial Board Member of Telecommunication System Journal, International Journal of Internet Protocol Technology (IJIPT) and The Journal of Information, Technology and Society (JITAS). He also served as Guest Editor of Telecommunication Systems, special issue on “Wireless Sensor Networks” (2004), and Guest Editor of Journal of Internet Technology, special issue on “Wireless Internet Applications and Systems” (2002) and special issue on “Wireless Ad Hoc Network and Sensor Networks” (2004). He was a Vice Co-Chair, Wireless IP Symposium of WirelressCOM2005, USA (2005) and a Workshop Co-Chair of the 2001 Mobile Computing Workshop, Taiwan. Dr. Chen also served as IASTED Technical Committee on Telecommunications for 2002–2005, WSEAS International Scientific Committee Member (from 2004), Program Committee Member of IEEE ICPP'2003, IEEE ICDCS'2004, IEEE ICPADS'2001, ICCCN'2001–2005, MSN'2005, IASTED CCN'2002–2005, IASTED CSA'2004–2005, IASTED NCS'2005, and MSEAT'2003–2005. His paper wins the 2001 IEEE 15th ICOIN-15 Best Paper Award. Dr. Chen was a recipient of the 2005 Young Scholar Research Award given by National Chung Cheng University to four young faculty members, 2005. His recent research topics include mobile ad-hoc network, wireless sensor network, mobile learning system, and 4G system. Dr. Chen is a member of the IEEE Computer Society, IEICE Society, and Phi Tau Phi Society. Keng-Shau Liu received the M.S. degree in Computer Science and Information Engineering from National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan, Republic of China, in July 2004. His research includes wireless LAN, Bluetooth, and mobile learning.     

Frame‐Size Adaptive MAC Protocol in High‐Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks

In this letter, we propose a frame‐size adaptive MAC protocol for high rate wireless personal area networks (WPANs). In the proposed scheme, during communication, frame error rate is periodically reported to a transmitting device and the frame size is changed according to the measured results. Thus, the channel can be more effectively utilized by adapting to variable radio conditions. Analytical results show that this scheme achieves a much higher throughput than a non‐frame‐size adaptive media access control protocol in high‐rate WPANs.     

移动Ad Hoc网络中MAC协议的研究分析

移动Ad Hoc网络是随着无线通信技术的快速发展而出现的一种新型网络。由于Ad Hoc网络自身的特殊性,使得其媒体接入控制协议(MAC)与传统的有线局域网、无线局域网以及蜂窝网络有很大的区别。首先对移动Ad Hoc网络进行了介绍,分析了移动Ad Hoc网络MAC协议设计面临的问题,对当前较常用的Ad Hoc网络MAC协议进行了分析比较,为进一步对MAC协议的研究提出了新的课题。     

一种自适应侦听的异步无线传感器网络MAC协议

为了提升异步无线传感器网络MAC协议在动态网络负载下的性能,论文提出了一种流量自适应的异步协议AA-MAC.该协议基于短前导序列采样技术,当节点收稿数据后并不理解转入睡眠而自适应增加若干个最短侦听时间用以接收发送节点的可能其他数据,使得收发双方在网络负载较重时能实现一次配对多次收发数据.分析并对比了AA-MAC和X-M...     

无线Ad Hoc网络MAC层速率自适应技术研究

目前的IEEE802.11标准虽然在物理层提供了对多速率的支持,但是在MAC（媒体接入控制,Media Access Control）层却没有规定速率自适应的方法。研究了无线Ad Hoc网络（自组织网）中的速率自适应技术,针对RBAR协议存在的不足提出了一种改进的MAC层速率自适应协议,该协议实现简单,与标准的兼容性好,对信道的变化适应能力更强。仿真结果表明,该协议比RBAR协议具有更好的性能。     

WPAN/WLAN应用环境下的一类混合链路自适应算法

该文分析了基于包错误率(PER)测量及基于我干比(C/I)估计的链路自适应算法的优缺点,在此基础上提出了两种WPAN/WLAN应用环境下的混合算法,即同时考虑PER与C/I的混合算法和选择性考虑PER与C/I的混合算法,并对它们进行了理论分析和数值仿真。结果表明,在理想的单用户接入情况下,同时考虑PER与C/I的混合算法的吞吐量要大于其它算法。在实际的多用户接入情况下,分配给每个用户的资源相对较少,此时,选择性考虑PER与C/I的混合算法能够减小接收包数目较少或C/I估计误差大大以及信道误判等因素造成的吞吐量损失,达到比其它算法更大的网络吞吐量。     

太赫兹无线个域网公平高效的MAC层优化机制

针对太赫兹无线个域网双信道媒体访问控制(Medium Access Control, MAC)协议中存在的信道资源分配公平性差、数据帧重传效率低和控制开销较高的问题,提出了一种公平高效的MAC层优化机制。新机制采用基于历史时隙申请信息的信道资源分配策略优化时隙分配公平性,根据信道质量自适应选择数据帧重传机制,控制节点从申请时隙的节点发送的控制帧中的“duration”字段提取时隙申请信息,省略时隙申请帧的发送,从而降低数据帧排队时延和控制开销,提高吞吐量。仿真结果表明,与TAB-MAC和MDP-MAC协议的机制相比,所提机制的数据帧平均排队时延降低了15%,吞吐量提高了5%。     

低WSN服务能耗的MAC协议实现

为解决WSN服务能耗和服务质量问题,提出了一种无线传感器网络介质访问控制协议WTRP-S,分析比较了WTRP-S,WTRP和IEEE802.15.4MAC的性能,建立了节点启动调度模型。仿真结果表明:在数据业务大的网络中,该协议既能保证服务质量,在节点关闭通信模块中能够节省更多能量,使得整体能耗降低,WTRP-S适用于能量受限的无线传感器网络。     

A Capacity Analysis for the IEEE 802.11 MAC Protocol

The IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol provides shared access to a wireless channel. This paper uses an analytic model to study the channel capacity – i.e., maximum throughput – when using the basic access (two-way handshaking) method in this protocol. It provides closed-form approximations for the probability of collision p, the maximum throughput S and the limit on the number of stations in a wireless cell.The analysis also shows that: p does not depend on the packet length, the latency in crossing the MAC and physical layers, the acknowledgment timeout, the interframe spaces and the slot size; p and S (and other performance measures) depend on the minimum window size W and the number of stations n only through a gap g=W/(n–1) – consequently, halving W is like doubling n; the maximum contention window size has minimal effect on p and S; the choice of W that maximizes S is proportional to the square root of the packet length; S is maximum when transmission rate (including collisions) equals the reciprocal of transmission time, and this happens when channel wastage due to collisions balances idle bandwidth caused by backoffs.The results suggest guidelines on when and how W can be adjusted to suit measured traffic, thus making the protocol adaptive.     

无线传感器网络MAC协议的研究与改进

研究和分析了当前无线传感器网络(WSN)中介质访问控制(MAC)协议、IEEE802.11和IEEE802.15.4 MAC协议的各种性能,并结合传感网络介质访问协议(S-MAC)中低占空比休眠机制对IEEE802.15.4介质访问协议进行改进.用NS-2仿真软件对各种协议进行仿真,仿真结果表明改进后的MAC协议可大...     

PLC家庭网络MAC协议与QoS保证

由于电力线介质条件恶劣,物理信道传输不稳定,PLC MAC协议的设计较为困难.本文首先介绍了PLC家庭网络的拓扑结构和多媒体业务的QoS要求,然后分析和比较了各类MAC协议对PLC家庭网络的适用性和QoS保证能力,并对有竞争与无竞争的PLC MAC协议研究的最新成果及其采用的QoS保证机制进行了分析.本文认为有竞争与无竞争方式相结合的混合型MAC协议是最适合PLC家庭网络的MAC协议.     

一种改进的数据链协作MAC协议

针对基于TDMA（时分多址）的数据链网络协议在恶劣环境下时延大、业务突发性强等缺点,提出了一种改进的数据链协作MAC协议。在原有的协议中引入协作通信的思想,节点根据协作机制,利用自身时隙进行协作转发,并进一步加入中继优先权因子改进协作机制,中继节点根据节点的繁忙程度与信道条件来判定是否协作传输。通过对网络时延性能的研究与仿真,结果表明,改进后的协作协议性能优于传统的数据链协议。     

基于SDL的无线传感器网络MAC协议的设计与实现

文章首先介绍了无线传感器网络目前采用的典型的MAC协议,并利用SDL语言设计了基于无线信道随机竞争方式的无线传感器网络MAC层协议。协议的实现证明用SDL语言进行通信协议设计可以保证协议的逻辑正确性,并且可以有效地缩短协议开发周期。     

水下通信网的MAC层协议及TDCDMA技术的Opnet仿真

本文借鉴了通信网的关键技术 MAC( Media Access Control)层多址接入技术 ,提出了 TDCDMA,并在水声信道条件下仿真了此协议的性能参数 ,然后根据协议的缺点进行了改进 ,验证了优化后的协议可以提高网络的吞吐量     

Performance Evaluation of the Enhanced MI-MAC Protocol for Multimedia Integration over Wireless Cellular Networks

In recent work (Koutsakis et al., IEEE Trans Veh Technol 54(5):1863–1874, 2005), we have introduced multimedia integration multiple access control protocol (MI-MAC). The protocol was shown to achieve superior performance in comparison to other protocols of the literature when integrating various types of multimedia traffic over wireless cellular networks. In this work we enhance the scheduling scheme of MI-MAC by adding three important parameters into its study. These are: (a) the handling of handoff traffic, (b) per user varying channel conditions in the uplink and downlink channels and (c) video sources’ contention for channel resources. These parameters are added in order to evaluate the protocol under a significantly more realistic wireless cellular network scenario. New scheduling ideas are proposed in order to efficiently incorporate the new parameters into the scheme. The evaluation, conducted by comparing the enhanced MI-MAC with another efficient protocol of the literature and with an “ideal” MAC protocol, focuses on the efficient transmission of MPEG-4 video traffic and shows that our scheme achieves excellent performance results.

无线传感器网络MAC层协议的分析比较

无线传感器网络是一种由大量廉价微型传感器节点组成,并通过无线通信方式形成的多跳自组织网络,可用于对其部署区域的某些物理量进行智能监测。由于传感器节点数目较大,MAC协议是保证无线传感器网络高效通信的关键网络协议之一。另一方面,因为传感器节点受到电源能量有限、通信能力有限、计算和存储能力有限等现实条件的限制,传感器网络中的MAC协议又具有一些独特之处。对无线传感器网络MAC协议的研究现状进行较全面的考察,分析比较其中的几种典型MAC协议,并提出了该领域的发展趋势和未来工作的一些思路。     

车载自组网中一种分布式自适应TDMA时隙分配策略

提出了一种适用于车载自组网的自适应TDMA时隙分配机制DATS,DATS利用节点的差异性优化TDMA时隙分配机制,并且能根据节点密度自适应地调节时隙分配比例。理论分析和实验结果表明,DATS时隙分配策略能提高节点竞争成功率,降低接入时延;与现有的几种协议相比能减少至少50%的节点冲突,且具有良好的可扩展性,能够适应局部节点密度的变化。     

基于SMAC的无线传感器网络MAC协议的分析与优化

首先对MAC协议进行了相关介绍。然后重点介绍了一种基于竞争的无线传感器网络MAC层协议S-MAC协议。其核心是提出了一种新的无线传感器网络的MAC协议设计方案。基于动态调整占空比的思想,提出了ATC-SMAC协议。该协议在S-MAC协议的基础上改进了固定占空比的劣势,根据每个节点上的数据包的平均延迟调整占空比。通过动态地调整每个节点的占空比,使不同流量的节点拥有不同的工作时间,协议根据不同节点的流量情况自适应地对其占空比进行调整。经过仿真试验,得到ATC-MAC在网络端对端延迟、能量消耗以及吞吐量方面较S-MAC协议都有比较明显的提高。