不同本体中概念语义距离的一种度量方法

本体合并与映射中的一个重要步骤是检测不同本体中的相似概念,以提供合并或者映射的作用点.通常,具有相似名称的概念常被作为候选.然而,完全有可能出现具有文字相似名称的概念在语义上却不相似,甚至不相容.本文提出了一个从四方面比较概念语义距离的方法,综合考虑了一个概念在本体中的位置以及概念的属性这些对于确定概念涵义非常重要的信息.     

模块化设计理念在PPT多媒体课件中的应用研究

多媒体课件在课堂教学中的作用一直是一个热门话题。如何设计一个优秀的课件,是否有必要花大量精力制作一个高质量的教学课件,以及如何保证课件的可扩展性和可移植性等都是需要探讨的问题。文章提出将VB程序设计的模块化设计理念应用于PPT课件的结构框架设计中,分析总结了PPT课件在VB程序设计公共课程中涉及到的几个关键问题,并列举了实现模块化设计的具体方案。     

多媒体教学分析与研究

本文分析了多媒体教学法的优缺点,并对多媒体教学给出了一些建议。     

OntoRBAC：基于本体的RBAC策略描述与集成

随着分布式安全系统研究的不断深入和发展，基于策略的体系结构已经逐步成为了访问控制系统中的一种主流方法。然而这些策略的定义均建立在特定的语言基础上。如何在异构的系统间进行集成尚缺乏有效的机制。本文提出了一种基于本体的访问控制策略定义机制——OntoRBAC——它完全支持了RBAC96模型，利用本体这个工具，能够为访问控制策略的制定提供更精确、更强大的描述能力，并且可以实现从语义层次上对不同策略的集成。而借助于SWRL（Semantic Web Rule Language），我们定义了多条适用于OntoRBAC的规则来进行对访问控制决策的推理。最后，介绍了这个系统的实现框架。     

Editorial Note: Data-Driven Multimedia Processing and Analysis

Multimedia Tools and Applications -     

Ontologies application in organizational learning: A literature review

Although ontologies and organizational learning are issues that have been discussed for many years, there is not an approach on literature that gives an overview about how both issues have been applied together. This literature review has the objective of exploring how ontologies are being applied in the organizational learning process recently; as a consequence, only studies from the year of 2005 onwards have been searched. The identification process produced 353 papers from 11 different databases. After applying the exclusion criteria, the set was reduced to 11 papers, which clearly fitted to the criteria defined for accomplishment of the systematic review, which were then analyzed and classified. The papers have been classified according to the structure and level of the ontologies. Furthermore, the Information Technology (IT) used in conjunction with ontology was identified, as well as the way ontologies and IT can act as a means of facilitating the organizational learning process. It was observed that although ontologies are rather important, a very few number of researches have applied ontologies in the organizational learning processes. In a general way, ontologies and IT encourage the sharing of knowledge and formalization.     

Modelling and Reasoning in Metamodelling Enabled Ontologies

Ontologies are expected to play an important role in many application domains, as well as in software engineering in general. One problem with using ontologies within software engineering is that while UML, a widely used standard for specifying and constructing the models for a software-intensive system, has a four-layer metamodelling architecture, the standard Web Ontology Language (OWL) does not support reasoning over layered metamodels. OWL 2 provides simple metamodelling by using a punning approach, however, the interpretation function is different based on the context, which leads to non-intuitive results. The OWL FA Language has a well defined metamodelling architecture. However, there is no study and tool for supporting reasoning over OWL FA. In this paper, we discuss some reasoning tasks in OWL FA. We also introduce the OWL FA Tool kit, a simple tool kit for manipulating and reasoning with OWL FA.     

Legal Ontologies in Knowledge Engineering and Information Management

In this article we describe two core ontologies of law that specify knowledge that is common to all domains of law. The first one, FOLaw describes and explains dependencies between types of knowledge in legal reasoning; the second one, LRI-Core ontology, captures the main concepts in legal information processing. Although FOLaw has shown to be of high practical value in various applied European ICT projects, its reuse is rather limited as it is rather concerned with the structure of legal reasoning than with legal knowledge itself: as many other “legal core ontologies”, FOLaw is therefore rather an epistemological framework than an ontology. Therefore, we also developed LRI-Core. As we argue here that legal knowledge is based to a large extend on common-sense knowledge, LRI-Core is particularly inspired by research on abstract common-sense concepts. The main categories of LRI-Core are: physical, mental and abstract concepts. Roles cover in particular social worlds. Another special category are occurrences; terms that denote events and situations. We illustrate the use of LRI-Core with an ontology for Dutch criminal law, developed in the e-Court European project.     

FaBiO and CiTO: Ontologies for describing bibliographic resources and citations

Semantic publishing is the use of Web and Semantic Web technologies to enhance the meaning of a published journal article, to facilitate its automated discovery, to enable its linking to semantically related articles, to provide access to data within the article in actionable form, and to facilitate integration of data between articles. Recently, semantic publishing has opened the possibility of a major step forward in the digital publishing world. For this to succeed, new semantic models and visualization tools are required to fully meet the specific needs of authors and publishers. In this article, we introduce the principles and architectures of two new ontologies central to the task of semantic publishing: FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology, an ontology for recording and publishing bibliographic records of scholarly endeavours on the Semantic Web, and CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology, an ontology for the characterization of bibliographic citations both factually and rhetorically. We present those two models step by step, in order to emphasise their features and to stress their advantages relative to other pre-existing information models. Finally, we review the uptake of FaBiO and CiTO within the academic and publishing communities.     

NKI中的本体、框架和逻辑理论

NKI(国家知识基础设施)是一个大规模知识库,它用框架来表示本体中的概念,用Hom逻辑程序作为自动推理.给出NKI中的本体、框架和逻辑理论的形式表示以及形式表示之间的转换,并证明如果将本体、框架和逻辑理论看作是3个范畴,则这些转换是这3个范畴之间的函子.这个结果保证了在NKI中,基于Horn逻辑程序的推理关于用本体和框架表示的知识库是正确的.     

FaBiO and CiTO: Ontologies for describing bibliographic resources and citations

Semantic publishing is the use of Web and Semantic Web technologies to enhance the meaning of a published journal article, to facilitate its automated discovery, to enable its linking to semantically related articles, to provide access to data within the article in actionable form, and to facilitate integration of data between articles. Recently, semantic publishing has opened the possibility of a major step forward in the digital publishing world. For this to succeed, new semantic models and visualization tools are required to fully meet the specific needs of authors and publishers. In this article, we introduce the principles and architectures of two new ontologies central to the task of semantic publishing: FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology, an ontology for recording and publishing bibliographic records of scholarly endeavours on the Semantic Web, and CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology, an ontology for the characterization of bibliographic citations both factually and rhetorically. We present those two models step by step, in order to emphasise their features and to stress their advantages relative to other pre-existing information models. Finally, we review the uptake of FaBiO and CiTO within the academic and publishing communities.     

Editorial Note: Web Data Analysis in Pervasive Multimedia Environment

Multimedia Tools and Applications -     

Editorial Note: Advances in Multimedia Analysis and Applications for Smart City

Multimedia Tools and Applications -     

多媒体课件辅助教学分析

本文分析多媒体课件的发展背景的基础上,通过调查研究总结了用于教学的多媒体课件的特点;肯定了使用多媒体课件价值,同时也分析了使用多媒体课件不当时存在的不利影响,并针对存在的问题提出了在教学中使用多媒体课件的应对策略.     

多媒体网络的选用与分析

研究了分布式多媒体系统中网络的选用及其性能分析,重点分析了以太网实时性、可预测性和可靠性问题,指出以太网可满足一般的软实时应用,实验也证明了以太网可支持多媒体服务,由于以太网的广泛使用以及多媒体应用的日渐趋多,该文的工作对工程实践有着指导意义。     

Ontologies in the Engineering of Management and Autonomic Systems: A Reality Check

In this article we examine the current trend to employ ontologies in the modelling of management systems and examine the barrier facing the integration of such modelling into the practical engineering of management systems.     

Bridging Ontologies and Conceptual Schemas in Geographic Information Integration

Integration of geographic information has increased in importance because of new possibilities arising from the interconnected world and the increasing availability of geographic information. Ontologies support the creation of conceptual models and help with information integration. In this paper, we propose a way to link the formal representation of semantics (i.e., ontologies) to conceptual schemas describing information stored in databases. The main result is a formal framework that explains a mapping between a spatial ontology and a geographic conceptual schema. The mapping of ontologies to conceptual schemas is made using three different levels of abstraction: formal, domain, and application levels. At the formal level, highly abstract concepts are used to express the schema and the ontologies. At the domain level, the schema is regarded as an instance of a generic data model. At the application level, we focus on the particular case of geographic applications. We also discuss the influence of ontologies in both the traditional and geographic systems development methodologies, with an emphasis on the conceptual design phase.     

Methodological and Thematic Prescriptions for Defining and Measuring the Organizational Learning Concept

Despite the long tradition of research on organizational learning (OL), theoretically acceptable definitions and empirically derived measures of the concept have not been developed. This paper introduces theoretical proclamations and a methodological plan that can guide researchers towards the goal of operationalizing OL into a valid and reliable instrument. It includes (1) practical and scientific motivations for advancing and measuring the OL construct, (2) a suggested methodology for operationalization of definitions of OL, (3) theoretical and operational themes found in the literature, and (4) scale and subscale expectations. Organizational researchers are encouraged to use the directions embodied in this research to guide attempts at developing measures of organizational learning, in hopes of advancing the field beyond normal science.     

Interval Evaluations in the Analytic Hierarchy Process By Possibility Analysis

Since a pairwise comparison matrix in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is based on human intuition, the given matrix will always include inconsistent elements violating the transitivity property. We propose the Interval AHP by which interval weights can be obtained. The widths of the estimated interval weights represent inconsistency in judging data. Since interval weights can be obtained from inconsistent data, the proposed Interval AHP is more appropriate to human judgment. Assuming crisp values in a pairwise comparison matrix, the interval comparisons including the given crisp comparisons can be obtained by applying the Linear Programming (LP) approach. Using an interval preference relation, the Interval AHP for crisp data can be extended to an approach for interval data allowing to express the uncertainty of human judgment in pairwise comparisons.