金属氢化物-镍电池的回收与循环再利用

介绍了国内外废旧电池的回收概况以及火法和湿法回收金属氢化物 -镍电池的工艺流程。指出传统的火法或湿法回收工艺复杂 ,成本高 ,有价金属回收率低 ,且使用各种化学试剂又会对环境造成二次污染。提出在系统分析金属氢化物 -镍电池失效原因的基础上 ,探寻简单可行的非破坏性电池再生技术新途径     

新型镍／金属氢化物高能电池

随着科学技术的高速发展,高性能的便携式电子产品,如各种便携式通讯设备(无线电话机、对讲机等)、小型办公自动化设备(膝上计算机、文字处理机、电子打字机等)、袖珍液晶电视机、收录机等、小家电便携工具(充电式手电钻、真空吸尘器、剃须器、手     

锂离子电池隔膜材料研究进展

近年来,锂离子电池技术发展迅速,隔膜作为电池中的核心材料之一,决定着锂离子电池的性能,因此隔膜材料及制备技术亟需被深入研究。目前,商业化的锂电池隔膜以聚烯烃隔膜为主,制备工艺正从干法向湿法过渡,但是近几年已经发展出了不同材料体系、不同制备工艺的隔膜。本文简要介绍了聚烯烃隔膜生产技术,重点综述了非织造隔膜材料、涂层以及新型隔膜制备技术的研究成果,并展望了锂电池隔膜的发展方向。     

耐热型聚合物锂离子电池隔膜的研究进展

综述了隔膜的性能要求以及国内外耐热型聚合物锂离子电池隔膜的发展现状,主要包括以聚醚醚酮（PEEK）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、聚酰亚胺（PI）等聚合物隔膜,针对各种聚合物隔膜的特点与制备方法及其性能进行了介绍,并对聚合物隔膜的发展方向进行了展望。     

锂离子电池隔膜技术研究进展

本文介绍了锂离子电池隔膜材料的作用及性能、研究与发展现状和技术领域的热点问题。探讨了隔膜的生产技术,重点介绍了微孔聚烯烃隔膜、改性聚烯烃隔膜、无纺布隔膜、涂层复合膜、纳米纤维膜和固体电解质膜,并展望了电池隔膜的未来发展方向。     

锂二次电池中聚合物电解质及隔膜的研究进展

本文对锂二次电池中应用的聚合物电解质和隔膜作了概述。简要介绍了聚合物电解质、隔膜的种类和制备方法及其对电池性能的影响,以及聚合物电解质和隔膜的研究近况和应用前景。     

可充电钠离子电池隔膜研究进展

介绍了可充电钠离子电池的工作机理及其在成本、寿命、安全和大规模储能等方面的优势。简述了隔膜性能对电池的电化学性能、耐用性及安全性的影响。回顾了近几年钠离子电池隔膜的研究进展,包括聚烯烃微孔膜、玻璃纤维膜、聚合物电解质膜、静电纺丝膜、纤维素基隔膜和阳离子交换膜等,并分析了各自的优缺点。讨论了隔膜产业化过程面临的问题尤其是在安全方面面临的挑战,指出电解质润湿性更佳、离子电导率更高、耐枝晶性更强、热稳定性更好是隔膜研究的方向。     

天然矿物改性锂离子电池隔膜研究进展

商用有机隔膜因其分子结构中缺乏极性和刚性基团而表现出较差的电解液浸润性和严重的热收缩性,不利于锂离子电池的安全高效运行。天然矿物因具有独特的晶体结构、良好的润湿性、优异的热稳定性和机械稳定性,使其在有机隔膜改性领域有着广阔的应用前景。总结了一维矿物、二维矿物、三维矿物在隔膜材料中的应用现状,介绍了涂覆改性、共混改性2种隔膜改性方式,综述了静电纺丝法、相转化法、浸涂法、热致交联法、固相烧结法等隔膜材料制备工艺,并展望了天然矿物在锂离子电池隔膜领域的研究趋势。     

锂离子电池隔膜材料的研究进展

我国开展中国制造2025计划后,锂离子电池的制造便成为"2025"计划中的重点项目之一,在项目进行时,如何提升锂离子电池的性能和安全性一直在困扰着相关研究人员。因此对大量锂离子电池制造的实例进行研究,不仅对锂离子电池隔膜材料进行分析,还将对其主要作用、性能、制造工艺、干湿法、国内外的研究进展等方面进行阐述。     

酞菁铁对MH/Ni电池浮充性能的影响

研究了酞菁铁(FePc)对金属氢化物-镍电池浮充性能的影响。添加适量FePc的电池具有较好的浮充浮放性能,其中添加1mgFePc的电池显示了最好的充电效率和循环性能;2000次浮充以后其内压升高速度也最低。     

密封双极性MH/Ni电池结构改进与研制

Nickel metal hydride batteries in bipolar design offer significant advantages as a power storage system for electric vehicles. This study deals with some aspects in structure design and development of bipolar nickel metal hydride batteries. An improvement on conventional bipolar structure was made, and some novel sealed bipolar nickel metal hydride batteries with 6 cells were assembled and studied. Testing results showed that the improved structure effectively protected the worst single cell of bipolar battery, and led to a better pressure and cycle performances of novel batteries compared with conventional ones. In addition, the improved bipolar batteries showed excellent discharge and recharge ability, and low resistance in electrochemical tests. As simulating hybrid electric vehicle working conditions, the batteries displayed good stability during pulse cycles, which indicated the possibility of being used on electric vehicles.     

Fabrication of bipolar nickel metal hydride batteries with nanometer copper oxide as anodic additive

The bipolar nickel metal hydride batteries were fabricated with a novel anodic additive of nanometer copper oxide. Cycle voltammetry indicated that the nanometer copper oxide in the anode electrode was reduced to copper in the first charge, and SEM and EDS proved the sphere copper particles deposited on the alloy surface and stably existed in the next cycles. EIS results revealed the lower contact resistance and charge transfer resistance of the nanomaterial added anode electrode. Moreover, the bipolar battery with the nanometer additive displayed excellent electric performance and increased specific energy and power in electrochemical tests, which made it better meet the requirement of power sources for electric and hybrid vehicles. The present work has provided a novel additive of the anode electrode to effectively improve the performance of the bipolar Ni/MH batteries.     

三氢化铝应用于燃料电池的研究进展

三氢化铝（AlH₃）具有储氢量大、质量轻、释氢温度较低、产物洁净等优势,是应用于燃料电池的理想储氢材料,但因其合成成本较高、室温条件下难以再生,目前尚未大规模应用。本文从燃料电池对储氢材料的要求出发,介绍了AlH₃的基本性质、合成再生方法及其释氢性能与改进方法,简述了基于AlH₃的储氢装置及系统、车载储氢和便携式电源等应用的国内外研究现状,提出今后研究工作应集中在降低释氢温度、调控释氢速率、提高释氢率、设计高效储氢系统及开发低成本制备和再生工艺。     

高比容量镍氢电池的制备及电化学性能

Cylindrical nickel metal hydride （Ni-MH） battery with high specific volume capacity was prepared by using the oxyhydroxide Ni（OH）2 and AB5 type hydrogen storage alloy and adjusting the designing parameters of positive and negative electrodes. The oxyhydroxide Ni（OH）2 was synthesized by oxidizing spherical β-Ni（OH）2 with chemical method. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns and the Fourier transform infrared （PT-IR） spectra indicated that 7-NiOOH was formed on the oxyhydroxide Ni（OH）2 powders, and some H2O molecules were inserted into their crystal lattice spacing. The battery capacity could not be improved when the oxyhydroxide Ni（OH）2 sample was directly used as the positive active materials. However, based on the conductance and residual capacity of the oxyhydroxide Ni（OH）2 powders, AA size Ni-MH battery with 2560 mA.h capacity and 407 W·h·L^-1 specific volume energy at 0.2C was obtained by using the commercial spherical β-Ni（OH）2 and AB5-type hydrogen-storage alloy powders as the active materials when 10% mass amount of the oxyhydroxide Ni（OH）2 with 2.50 valence was added to the positive active materials and subsequently the battery designing parameters were adjusted as well. The as-prepared battery showed 70% initial capacity after 80 cycles at 0.5C. The possibility for adjusting the capacity ratio of positive and negative electrodes from 1 ： 1.35 to 1 ： 1.22 was demonstrated preliminarily. It is considered the as-prepared battery can meet the requirement of some special portable electrical instruments.     

Recycling of nickel–metal hydride batteries. II: Electrochemical deposition of cobalt and nickel

A combination of hydrometallurgical and electrochemical processes has been developed for the separation and recovery of nickel and cobalt from cylindrical nickel–metal hydride rechargeable batteries. Leaching tests revealed that a 4 mol dm^?3 hydrochloric acid solution at 95 °C was suitable to dissolve all metals from the battery after 3 h dissolution. The rare earths were separated from the leaching solution by solvent extraction with 25% bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in kerosene. The nickel and cobalt present in the aqueous phase were subjected to electrowinning. Galvanostatic tests on simulated aqueous solutions investigated the effect of current density, pH, and temperature with regard to current efficiency and deposit composition and morphology. The results indicated that achieving an Ni? Co composition with desirable properties was possible by varying the applied current density. Preferential cobalt deposition was observed at low current densities. Galvanostatic tests using solutions obtained from treatment of batteries revealed that the aqueous chloride phase, obtained from the extraction, was suitable for recovery of nickel and cobalt through simultaneous electrodeposition. Scanning electron micrography and X‐ray diffraction analysis gave detailed information of the morphology and the crystallographic orientation of the obtained deposits. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

锂离子电池高镍三元材料的包覆改性研究进展

锂离子电池高镍三元材料具有循环寿命长、绿色环保、成本低等优点,已成为电动汽车、便携式电子设备等领域的首选正极材料。但是,镍含量的增加容易使材料表面结构不稳定、界面副反应增加,导致材料的循环性能降低。主要从单层包覆和双层包覆两个方面综述了高镍三元材料的改性研究,介绍了不同包覆材料对其电化学性能的影响。双层包覆能更好地改进高镍三元材料的电化学性能,但是在清除氟化氢方面仍需进行研究。     

锂/空气电池非贵金属催化剂研究进展

锂/空气电池理论能量密度高、体积小、质量轻、价格低、无污染,是极具应用前景的二次电池。本文首先简要介绍了锂/空气电池的基本结构、原理和种类,随后重点讨论了近年来用于锂/空气电池的非贵金属催化剂的研究进展。这些催化剂主要包括过渡金属氧化物、过渡金属氮化物、碳材料以及过渡金属大环化合物等。最后认为,材料化学、纳米技术等学科的发展以及催化机理的阐明对发展高性能的锂/空气电池非贵金属催化剂起至关重要的作用。