~(99)Tc~m标记多巴胺D_2受体配体的合成,标记及生物分布研究

首次合成了3种苯酰胺类D2受体配体：N-[（2-巯基）乙基]-2，3-二甲氧基苯甲酰胺（MEDM-BZM），N-[（2-巯基）乙基]-5-溴-2，3-二甲基苯甲酰胺（MEBDM-BZM），N-[（2-巯基）乙基]-3-乙氧基苯甲酰胺（MEE-BZM），光谱数据与结构相符。用配体交换法与3-硫杂-1，5-戊二硫醇共同配位合成了中性脂溶性“3 1”型混配^99Tc^m螯合物，标记率在于85%。3种配合物在小鼠脑中的初始摄取率高于文献报道值。     

多巴胺D2受体显像剂Epidepride的合成及其^131I标记

以3－甲氧基水杨酸为原料合成了Epidepride[S-(-)-N-[1-乙基－2－吡咯烷基]-5－碘－2,3－二甲氧基基甲酰胺]及其标记前体（S－（－）－5－（三正丁基锡）－N（1－乙基－2－吡咯烷基）甲基]2,3-二甲氧基苯甲酸酰胺）,并采用双氧水法对标记前体进行^131I标记,获得了^131I-epidepride,标记率和放化纯度均大于95％。132I-epidepride溶液体外稳定性好,4℃放置15d放化纯度仍大于90％。^131I-epidepride与D2受体亲和力高,大鼠脑内纹状体与小脑的摄取比在320min时高达237;在脑内纹状体的吸收可被Spiperone安全阻断。因此,^131I－epideride有望成为多巴胺D2受体SPECT显像剂。     

^131I—nor—β—CIT的制备及其大鼠体内分布

合成了2β－甲酯基－3β－（4‘－碘苯基）去甲基托烷（nor-β-CIT)及标记前体2β－甲酯基－3β-（4‘-（三丁基锡）苯基）去甲基托烷。nor-β-CIT及中间体的IR、MS、HNMR、旋光分析等鉴定数据与结构相符。由标记前体制备^131I-nor-β-CIT,标记率（80－90）％,萃取后放化纯度＞95％。大鼠体内分布表明,^131I-nor-β-CIT能很快进脑,且清除较慢（注药后5min、30min和4h时脑的放射性摄取比分别为2．30、2．54和1．22％ID）。丘脑、中脑、海马和额叶表现出较高的放射性摄取,注药后的1h达到最大值（分别为1．77、1．78、1．54和2．13％ID）。额叶的摄取大于颞叶和顶叶（1h时的放射性摄取分别咪2．13、1．92、1．87％ID）,与5－HTT在脑中的分布一致。     

三种脂肪酸衍生物的合成及其99Tcm标记

以β－甲基－15－苯基十五烷酸（BMPPA）为母链，合成了三种脂肪酸衍生物β－甲基－p-[(N,N-二羧甲基）氨基乙酰基]氨基苯十五烷酸（BMPPA－NTA），N－[4-(13-甲基羧十四烷基）－苯基]氨酸乙基－二乙三胺四乙酸（BMPPA－DTPA）,Bis-{1，1－二甲基－2－[4-(13-甲基羧十四烷基）－苯基]氨基－乙基硫}（BMPPA－NS），目标产物经红外，元素分析和质谱鉴定证实，对上述三种脂肪酸衍生物进行了99Tc^m标记，标记率＞70％，经氯仿萃取纯化后，标记物放化纯度＞95％。     

苯酰胺类D_2受体新配体的合成,~(125)I标记及生物分布研究

合成了苯酰胺类D2受体配体（S）－N－[(1-羟乙基－2－四氢吡咯烷基）甲基]－50氨基－2，3－二甲氧基苯甲胺胺（HEABZM），用红外光谱，核磁共振和质谱法进行了表征。以HEABZM为标记前体，制备了（S）－N－[1－羟乙基－2－四氢吡咯烷基）甲基]－5－氨基－4－^125I，3－二甲苯甲酰胺。标记率为79％，经萃取分离后，放化纯度在90％以上。小鼠休丙初步生物分布研究表明，该配合物在小鼠脑中有一定的区域分布，纹状体与小脑的比值略大于1。     

β-淀粉样蛋白斑块显像剂131 I-IMPY的合成与生物分布

为了找到合适的123I标记的脑内β淀粉样蛋白(A β)斑块的显像剂,根据文献资料,合成了2-(4′-二甲基氨基苯基)-6-三正丁基锡咪唑并[1,2-α]吡啶(IMPY),并采用双氧水标记法进行了131I标记,得到标记物131 I-IMPY,放射化学纯度大于95%.方法对合成原料和条件作了相应的改进,提高了合成的收率.正常小鼠体内分布试验表明,在注射131 I-IMPY后2 min和60 min,小鼠脑摄取率分别为(7.374±4.797)%/g和(0.967±0.409)%/g.说明131 I-IMPY在小鼠脑中初始摄取很高,清除很快.131 I-IMPY可能是一个很有发展潜力的A β斑块SPECT显像剂.     

β-淀粉样蛋白斑块显像剂~(131)I-IMPY的合成与生物分布

为了找到合适的123I标记的脑内β淀粉样蛋白(A β)斑块的显像剂,根据文献资料,合成了2-(4′-二甲基氨基苯基)-6-三正丁基锡咪唑并[1,2-α]吡啶(IMPY),并采用双氧水标记法进行了131I标记,得到标记物131 I-IMPY,放射化学纯度大于95%.方法对合成原料和条件作了相应的改进,提高了合成的收率.正常小鼠体内分布试验表明,在注射131 I-IMPY后2 min和60 min,小鼠脑摄取率分别为(7.374±4.797)%/g和(0.967±0.409)%/g.说明131 I-IMPY在小鼠脑中初始摄取很高,清除很快.131 I-IMPY可能是一个很有发展潜力的A β斑块SPECT显像剂.     

新型脑受体显像剂99mTc- Memantine的制备及药盒化

合成了 N-[2-(N-(2-巯基乙基) )氨基甲酰甲基]-N-(2-巯基乙基)- 3,5-二甲基金刚烷胺基乙酰胺（II N2S2- Memantine）,对其进行99mTc标记。用氟化亚锡作还原剂,与高锝酸钠盐溶液反应,生成的新型脑受体显像剂I 99mTc（V）- Memantine,优化标记条件,进一步研制了无菌99mTc（V）- Memantine一步法冻干药盒。薄层色谱（TLC）对标记物进行质控,检测标记物的体外稳定性。结果显示,标记物的放化纯度〉95%,稳定性好,有望成为一种新型脑受体显像剂。     

^131I-BIB的合成与生物分布

合成1-三正丁基锡-2,5-二（4＇-氨基）苯乙烯基苯（BIB）,并采用双氧水标记法对其进行^131I标记,得到标记物^131I-BIB;将^131I-BIB注入ICR小鼠体内,观察其生物分布。标记结果显示,标记物^131I-BIB的标记率〉60％,放化纯度〉90%;ICR小鼠体内分布实验表明,注射后30min时,^131I-BIB在脑中的摄取最高。^131I-BIB作为髓磷脂显像剂有进一步研究的价值。     

~(99)Tc~mN-CHDTC的制备,生物分布及与~(99)Tc~m-CHDTC的对比

以SnSl2.2H2O为还原剂，丁二酰二酰肼（CDH）为N^3-离子提供体，在室温下制备[^99Tc^mN]int^2 中间体，然后与二水.N－环己基－二硫代氨基甲酸钠（CHDTC）发生配位体交换反应得到放化纯大于90％的^99Tc^mN-CHDTC合物化。小鼠体内的生物分布实验表明，^99Tc^mN-CHDTC有较高的脑摄取衅好的脑滞留。注射后5，30，69min时，脑摄取量（％／g)分别为2．91，5．88，5．91，R（脑／血）比值分别为0．14，1．46，2．10。^99Tc^mN-CHDTC在心肌中也有较高的摄取，但R（心／肝）比值低。采用甲脒亚磺酸（FSA）作还原剂对配位体CHDTC进行^99Tc^m直接标记，其在小鼠体内的生物分布结果表明，^99Tc^m-CHDTC主要蓄积在肝脏、脑、心肌摄取很少。这表明放射性药物分子中引入[^99Tc^mN]^2 核会引起生物分布性质的明显改变。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.