Quality Indicators for Crisis Communication to Support Emergency Management by Public Authorities

The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for performance indicators to measure and improve crisis communication preparedness of public authorities. Such an instrument supporting organizational learning has not yet been developed for crisis communication. Literature is used to create a basis and the framework is derived from a process model with various phases integrating communication activities with crisis management. In the paper, the development of the instrument is explained and justified. Furthermore, an example of its use is provided in which the instrument is used for an auditor evaluation of a water contamination case. A next step for future research could be to analyze and compare a number of measurements.     

Crisis Communication in Public Organisations: Dimensions of Crisis Communication Revisited

Research on crisis communication has traditionally focused on private organisations' reputation and blame avoidance strategies. As a result, there is limited knowledge on crisis communication from the perspective of public organisations. This is troublesome as public organisations have substantial responsibilities for preparing, communicating and managing large‐scale crisis events. In order to be able to better conceptualise public organisations' crisis communication, a typology based on communication aims and orientations is introduced. According to the typology, public organisations engage in two dimensions of crisis communication: reputation‐oriented vs. resilience‐oriented and strategic vs. operational. These dimensions are illustrated and discussed by empirical examples from the Queensland floods of 2010/2011. The paper ends with a discussion on how to understand these dimensions of crisis communication in relation to public organisations' priorities, processes and practices.     

Linking Issue Management,Corporate Social Responsibility and Crisis Communication: Applying Balance Theory in Crisis and Issue Management

Through a 2 × 2 × 3 experiment design, this study examines effects of issue‐related corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes on stakeholder perceptions of an issue‐related crisis (i.e., blame, scepticism and corporate credibility) through the lens of balance theory. Results indicate that issue‐related CSR programmes work well in reducing scepticism when stakeholders have high issue involvement and positive attitudes. Scepticism is also found to be a mediator between issue‐related CSR programmes and perceived corporate credibility.     

Improving Retrieval Performance by Region Constraiots and Relevance Feedback

In this paper, region features and relevance feedback are used to improve the performance of CBIR.Unlike existing region-based approaches where either individual regions are used or only simple spatial layout ismodeled, the proposed approach simultaneously models both region properties and their spatial relationships in aprobabilistic framework. Furthermore, the retrieval performance is improved by an adaptive filter based relevancefeedback. To illustrate the performance of the proposed approach, extensive experiments have been carried outon a large heterogeneous image collection with 17,000 images, which render promising results on a wide varietyof queries.     

Evaluating the Benefits of Communication Coprocessors

Communication coprocessors (CCPs) have become commonplace in modern MPPs and networks of workstations. These coprocessors provide dedicated hardware support for fast communication. In this paper we study how to exploit the capabilities of CCPs for executing user-level message handlers. We show, in the context of Active Messages and Split-C, that we can move message-handling code to the coprocessor, thus freeing the main processor for computational work. We address the important issues that arise, such as synchronization, and the limited computational power and flexibility of CCPs. We have implemented coprocessor versions of both Active Messages and Split-C. These implementations, developed on the Meiko CS-2, provide us with an excellent experimental platform to evaluate the benefits of a communication coprocessor architecture. Our experimental results show that the coprocessor version of Split-C is more responsive than the version which executes all message handlers on the main processor. This is despite the fact that some communication primitives are slower since the coprocessor on the Meiko CS-2 computes much slower. Overall, the performance on large Split-C applications is better because the coprocessor reacts faster and offloads the main processor, which does not need to poll or process interrupts.     

Reactive Crisis Management in Constructive Projects — Patterns of Communication and Behaviour

Patterns of communication and behaviour emerge within a construction project in response to a construction crisis. This paper investigates, within a grounded theory framework, the nature of these patterns, the sociological and psychological forces which shape them and their relationship with crisis management efficiency. A grounded theory is presented in four parts. The first part conceives a construction crisis as a period of social instability, arising from conflicting interest groups, seeking to exercise power in the pursuit of social structures which suit their political and economic interests. The second part sees a construction crisis as a de-sensitizing phenomenon which results in a period of behavioural instability and conflict which is self-perpetuating. The third part cites social structure as an important influence upon construction crisis management efficiency, in determining the efficiency of information flow, and the level of uncertainty between those affected. The fourth part points to the in-built defence mechanisms which construction crises have and to three managerial ironies which make construction crisis management difficult.     

Facebook and Twitter in Crisis Communication: A Comparative Study of Crisis Communication Professionals and Citizens

This mixed‐methods study presents a comparative analysis of the use and perceived usefulness of Facebook and Twitter, among Swedish citizens and crisis communication professionals, as crisis communication tools and information sources. The use and perceived usefulness of Facebook and Twitter are not congruent and consistent between the two different groups, according to the overall study. Communication professionals, for example, report higher levels of perceived usefulness regarding Facebook's potential as a crisis communication tool than do the citizens. Taken together, the results show that researchers (within social media and crisis communication) and crisis managers both need to deal with the fact that social media is not a homogenous phenomenon with a single coherent role in crisis management and communication research and practice.     

一种嵌入式实时消息通信方法

提出了一种嵌入式实时系统多任务或进程问通过消息进行通信的方法,着重分析了这种两级消息通信方式在程控交换机上的异步通信的实现。     

通过Email实现管理信息系统的信息交流

本文介绍在无法通过局域网传递数据的管理信息系统中,结合实际经验,对安全性、稳定性、可操作性综合考虑,介绍一种通过Email传递信息的代替方法。     

A Communication Library Using Active Messages to Improve Performance of PVM

We present a communication library to improve performance of PVM. The new library introduces communication primitives based on Active Messages. We propose a hybrid scheme that includes a signal driven message notification scheme plus controlled polling. The new communication library is tested along with the normal PVM library to assess the improvement in performance.     

浅谈危机管理意识在建筑施工管理中的应用

简要分析了危机管理意识在建筑施工管理中的作用,并阐述了其具体的应用,包括构建危机管理机构、信息收集及监控、优化人员综合素质和危机管理意识宣传等,以期为建筑施工管理人员提供一定的参考。     

浅谈手机短信在系统运行监控管理中的应用

本文介绍了手机短信在计算机系统管理中的应用,研究了利用手机短信进行系统管理的可行性、可操作性,同时给出了如何搭建方便实用的短信系统来管理自己的系统平台的具体方法。     

IT企业的危机公关

美国著名的危机管理专家库姆斯（W,Timothy Coombs）强调说：“危机不可预测,但并非不可预期。聪明的组织都知道危机早晚会降临．他们只是不知道什么时候会来而已。”     

IT企业的危机公关

美国著名的危机管理专家库姆斯(W.Timothy Coombs)强调说:"危机不可预测,但并非不可预期.聪明的组织都知道危机早晚会降临,他们只是不知道什么时候会来而已." 　　没有危机可以隐藏 　　互联网时代几乎没有危机可以隐藏.国外最新研究表明,如果企业不预先建立完善的危机公关战略,并在危机的最初阶段对其态势加以控制的话,危机造成的连锁反应将是一个加速发展的过程,从最初的经济损失直至企业信誉和苦心经营的品牌形象毁于一旦.由于IT企业生产的大多是技术含量高的创新性产品,消费者对其产品的性能要求也不同于一般的消费产品,危机公关对于IT企业就更是意义重大.……     

Evaluating the Impact of the Communication System on Distributed Virtual Environments

This paper analyzes the impact of the communication system on distributed virtual environments. We present a platform model that express the communication requirements of this kind of applications and evaluate it via simulation. Performance measurements varied the number of participants, the partition of the virtual environment, a participant's speed, and the size of the virtual world. Results show that the division of the environment improves the delay both to enter and to exchange groups, and reduces the number of messages exchanged. This partition allows both a participant's speed and the number of participants to increase, thereby ensuring a good interactivity.     

In Search of Archetypes in Crisis Management

Despite their unstable nature, crises are frequently defined as opportunities for managers to make strategic decisions in terms of bringing new configurations into play. According to this perspective, research is undertaken to discover new forms taken on by organisations during times of crisis. Relying on the experience of Local Centres of Community Services in Quebec during the ice storm of 1998, the results of this research permitted us to demonstrate three archetypes of crisis management collectivists, integrators and reactive types, each with the specific characteristics and imperatives as defined by Miller (1987) . These consist of leadership, strategies, structures and environments. The research also permitted us to establish participants' appreciation of the performance of their organisation and of the managers dealt with the crisis. Finally, we will discuss the importance of applying theories of configuration in the field of crisis management and several promising areas of research in this field.