Application of SBR-included pre-milled colored paste as a new approach for coloring self-consolidating mortars (SCMs)

Architectural construction has experienced considerable improvements via the recent developments of colored self-consolidating mortars (C-SCM). It is significantly important to prevent strength reduction in colored mortars when aiming at specific color intensities. In this research, the effects of phthalocyanine and iron hydroxide pigments on SCM and SBR latex modified SCM (LM-SCM) were studied. The influence of using pre-milled colored paste was investigated, as well. Experiments included tests on compressive strength, compressive toughness, flexural strength and flexural toughness. It was found that incorporating SBR latex to C-SCM mix design improved flexural properties and color intensity but decreased purity and led to porosity augmentation. Results also indicated that using pre-milled colored paste considerably improved mechanical properties, color intensity and purity and decreased porosity. Preparing pre-milled colored paste was found as an effective way to use low contents of organic pigments to create brilliant, intense and uniform colors in cement-based materials.     

陶瓷/纤维/树脂超混杂复合材料的力学性能

以泡沫SiC陶瓷为基本骨架,以改性酚醛树脂为基体,加入短切高硅氧玻璃纤维制备出陶瓷/纤维/树脂超混杂复合材料(SHCM),研究了泡沫陶瓷骨架和高硅氧纤维对材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,泡沫陶瓷骨架有利于材料的刚度和尺寸稳定性提高.加入泡沫陶瓷骨架后,纤维/树脂/陶瓷超混杂复合材料的压缩强度和压缩模量增大,随着泡沫陶瓷骨架含量的提高,弯曲模量大幅度提高而弯曲强度略有下降;随着高硅氧纤维含量的提高,材料的弯曲强度及弯曲模量均明显提高.     

Investigation of freeze–thaw effects on mechanical properties of fiber reinforced cement mortars

Fibers are used for improving some properties of conventional concrete (which is a brittle material) such as tensile strength, abrasion resistance, absorption and crack control. This study investigates the usability of fibers against the harmful effects of freeze–thaw cycles on cement mortars. For this objective, five different types of fibers, i.e., Polypropylene (PP), Carbon (CF), Aramid (AR), Glass (GF) and Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) in four different ratios (0.0%, 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2%) were added to cement mortars along with an amount of air agent. These samples were then subjected to five different freeze–thaw cycles (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100). Thus, mechanical behaviors were investigated under freeze–thaw effects.The most important results of the study are summarized; the fibers increase flexural strength and deflection ability of the samples while decreasing compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity and specific mass. The highest flexural strength was obtained with a 1.2% addition of CF fiber for the samples in normal conditions. The mechanical properties of the samples subjected to repetitive freeze–thaw cycles were also investigated; the best flexural strength was provided with 1.2% CF addition, while the highest dynamic modulus of elasticity was obtained with a 1.2% PP addition.     

回收汽车用废旧塑料制备复合板材的力学性能

以汽车内饰用废弃塑料为主要原料,粉碎后通过添加新的接枝改性聚丙烯短切玻璃纤维制备出复合板材,研究了改性PP和短切玻纤对材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,改性PP的加入有利于改善材料的成形性能.添加新的改性聚丙烯后,复合材料的压缩强度和压缩模量增大,随着改性PP含量的提高,弯曲强度大幅提高而弯曲模量稍有降低;随着短切玻璃纤维含量的提高,材料的弯曲强度及弯曲模量均明显提高.     

Styrene–butadiene latex modified calcium aluminate cement mortar

This paper investigates properties of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) mortar modified with the styrene–butadiene-rubber (SBR) latex. This material may be advantageously applied as a rapid repair mortar. Mortar specimens were prepared with constant water-to-cement mass ratio; polymer solid content of latex was varied from 0% to 9%, and Li₂CO₃ was investigated as an accelerator. Specimens were treated at different curing conditions: 1, 7 days and transformation of metastable hydration products at 70 °C. The heat of hydration evolution of mortar specimens was measured by means of a self adopted isoperibol calorimeter.The measurement results indicate that SBR latex improves workability of fresh state mortar and retards nucleation and growth of hydration products. Due to polymer coagulation process and co-matrix formation permeability, stiffness and compressive strength decrease while adhesion strength to old concrete substrate, and flexural strength increase with amount of added latex.     

Mussel Inspired Modification of Rubber Crumbs for Improved Interfacial Adhesion in Rubber Cement Mortar

Crumb rubbers exhibit extensive potential applications as infrastructure materials due to the low elastic modulus. Nevertheless, the poor interfacial adhesion between rubber crumb and cement matrix limits the scale applications of crumb rubbers in cement-based composites. In this study, mussel-inspired modification of crumb rubbers is investigated. The hydrophilicity of rubber surface has apparently improved after polydopamine (PDA) modification. Effects of the surface modifications of rubbers on the compressive strength, fluidity, and tribology behaviors of rubberized mortars have been systematically characterized. The superiority of PDA modification for crumb rubbers has been demonstrated by comparing those with the other polyphenol modifications and the routine oxidation modification. The compressive strength of the PDA modified rubber cement mortar increases by 37% comparing with that of the ordinary rubber cement mortar. The mechanical and low-temperature tribology behaviors of PDA-rubberized mortars indicate a promising way to improve the service performance of the rubberized mortars and concretes.

     

Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Oligomer-modified Acrylic Bone Cement with Glass-fibers

Some mechanical properties of oligomer-modified acrylic bone cement with glass-fibers were studied. Under wet environments, oligomer-filler forms a porous structure in the acrylic bone cement. Test specimens were manufactured using commercial bone cement (Palacos^® R) with different quantities of an experimental oligomer-filler (0–20 wt%), and included continuous unidirectional E-glass fibers (l=65 mm) or chopped E-glass fibers (l=2 mm). The specimens were either tested dry, or after being immersed under wet environments for one week. The three-point bending test was used to measure the flexural strength and modulus of the acrylic bone cement composites (analysis with ANOVA). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the surface structure of the acrylic bone cement composites. Using continuous glass-fiber reinforcement, the dry flexural strength was 145 MPa and modulus was 4.6 GPa for the plain bone cement. For the test specimens with 20 wt% of oligomer-filler and continuous unidirectional glass-fibers, the dry flexural strength was 118 MPa and modulus was 4.2 GPa, whereas the wet flexural strength was 66 MPa and modulus was 3.0 GPa. The results suggest that the reduced flexural properties caused by the porosity of oligomer-modified bone cement can be compensated with glass-fiber reinforcement.     

A study on the effects of high temperature on mechanical properties of fiber reinforced cementitious composites

The flexural strength and ductility properties of cementitious composites (mortar) under high temperature may be significantly improved by incorporating different types of fibers. In this study, four different types of fibers are added to cement mortars with the aim to investigate their mechanical contributions to mortars under high temperature, comparatively. Polypropylene (PP), carbon (CF), glass (GF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers are chosen for research. These fibers are added into mortars in five different ratios (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.50% and 2.0%) by volume. The mortars are subjected to the following temperatures: 21 °C (normal conditions), 100 °C (oven dry), 450 °C and 650 °C. The mechanical properties investigated are flexural strength, deflection and compressive strength of the cement mortars. In addition, thin sections of mortars are investigated to obtain changes in mortar because of high temperature. It is concluded that all fiber types contribute to the flexural strengths of mortars under high temperature. However, this contribution decreases with an increase in temperature. The samples with PVA show the best flexural performance (75–150%) under high temperature. CF which does not melt under high temperature also gives high flexural strength (11–85%). The compressive strengths of the mortars reduce under high temperature or with fiber addition. The highest increase in flexural strength and the lowest decrease in compressive strength is at 0.5–1.5% for CF if all temperature conditions are taken into consideration. The optimum fiber addition ratios of the samples containing PP and GF are 0.5% by volume. And for PVA, it is between 0.5% and 1.5% by volume.     

纤维增强发泡保温复合材料的制备与性能

为了增强玻化微珠/水泥发泡保温复合材料的力学性能和保温性能,通过掺加改性物理泡沫降低发泡保温复合材料的密度和导热系数,采用改性纤维对发泡保温复合材料进行增强。研究了纤维增强发泡保温复合材料的力学性能和耐水性能,并利用扫描电镜对试样内部微观形貌进行观察,探讨了改性泡沫和改性纤维对发泡保温复合材料的增强机制。结果表明,掺加泡沫明显降低了发泡保温复合材料的密度和导热系数,当泡沫掺量为1.05 mL/g时,试样密度和导热系数分别为186 kg/m³和0.056 W/（m·K）。泡沫改性可有效改善发泡保温复合材料的强度和软化系数,掺加改性泡沫试样的抗折强度、抗压强度和软化系数较掺加乳胶粉试样的分别提高了21.05%、21.43%和13.56%。改性纤维可显著提高发泡保温复合材料的强度和软化系数,掺加改性纤维试样的抗折强度、抗压强度和软化系数较掺加未改性纤维试样的分别提高了25.93%、13.51%和8.33%。     

Influences of temperature on mechanical properties of cement asphalt mortars

The compressive mechanical properties of cement asphalt mortars (CAMs) with varied bitumen-cement ratio (B/C) were studied under different temperatures, in order to reveal the susceptibility of mechanical properties to temperature. Results indicate that the compressive strength and the elastic modulus generally increase with a decrease in temperature for all tested CAMs. The quantitative evaluation of the temperature dependence of the strength and the elastic modulus using defined temperature-sensitivity factors is proposed and validated by the test results, which show that the mechanical properties of those CAMs with higher B/C have greater temperature sensitivity. For a given CAM, the temperature-sensitivity factor of the strength is larger than that of the elastic modulus. The temperature-sensitivity factors enable estimating the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of CAMs at selected temperatures from the tested values at a reference temperature, such as room temperature, by using the proposed equations. The relative elastic modulus is found to be in direct proportion to the square root of the relative compressive strength at a selected temperature, i.e. $ E_{\text{r}} \propto \sqrt {\sigma_{\text{pr}} } $ .     

Impact response of lightweight mortars containing expanded perlite

This paper describes the mechanical response of lightweight mortars subjected to impact loading in flexure. Expanded perlite aggregate with a bulk density of 64 kg/m³ was used at between 0 and 8 times by volume of Portland cement to yield a range of mortars with density between 1000 and 2000 kg/m³. Some specimens were reinforced with a polypropylene microfibre at 0.1% volume fraction and the dynamic fracture toughness was evaluated by means of an instrumented drop-weight impact system. Companion tests were carried out in compression under quasi-static loading to standardise the mixes. The compressive strength and elastic modulus scale as the cube of the relative density, defined as the ratio of the density of the mortar to that of Portland cement paste. Whereas the flexural strength and fracture toughness were both linearly proportional to the relative density of the mortar under quasi-static loading, there was an increase in their sensitivity to relative density at higher loading rates. Contrary to what is seen in regular concrete, fibre reinforcement led to an increase in the stress-rate sensitivity of flexural strength in lightweight mortars. For the same impact velocity, the stress-rates experienced by a specimen was strongly influenced by its density. While the stress-rate sensitivity of flexural strength dropped with a decrease in the mix density, that of the fracture toughness was consistently higher for the lighter mixes.     

Mechanical properties and durability characteristics of polymer- and cement-based repair materials

This study was conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties and durability characteristics of nine polymer- and cement-based repair mortars. Mechanical properties, such as compressive, tensile and flexural strength, elastic modulus, shrinkage and thermal expansion were studied. The durability characteristics of the repair materials were evaluated by measuring: (i) chloride permeability, (ii) electrical resistivity and (iii) carbonation depth. The mechanical properties of the selected repair mortars did not vary very significantly from each other. The elastic modulus of the polymer-based repair mortars was less than that of the cement-based repair mortars. This will lead to a reduced drying shrinkage cracking in the former repair mortars compared to the latter. The electrical resistivity of polymer-based repair mortars was more than that of cement-based repair mortars. Such a trend was not noted in the chloride permeability data. The chloride permeability in all the repair materials was very low according to ASTM C 1202 criteria. Enhanced carbonation was noted in some of the polymer-based repair mortars.     

HA改性短切碳纤维/PMMA生物复合材料力学性能的研究

采用原位合成与溶液共混的方法,制备了纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)-短切碳纤维（C_f）/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)生物复合材料, 研究了HA对HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响. 采用万能材料试验机测试了HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的力学性能,用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和红外吸收光谱仪(FT-IR)分析测试手段对材料的组成结构及断面的微观形貌等进行了测试和表征. 结果表明,采用卵磷脂改性后的HA纳米片与PMMA基体的界面结合性能得到了有效改善,显著提高了复合材料的力学性能;随着HA含量的增加,HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度、压缩强度、弯曲模量和拉伸模量均呈先增大后减小的趋势. 当HA含量在8wt%时,复合材料的力学性能最佳.     

静电植绒法处理多壁碳纳米管改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

为提高玻纤增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能,采用静电植绒法将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)附着在玻纤织物表面,得到改性的玻纤织物。利用一种低黏度的环氧树脂和所制得的改性织物,采用真空辅助成型工艺(VARI)制备了MWCNTs改性格玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板,表征了层合板的力学性能。对进行力学实验后的MWCNTs改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料试样断口进行了SEM和OPM观察。结果显示:与未添加MWCNTs的玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板相比,添加了MWCNTs的层合板的拉伸强度降低了10.24%,弯曲强度降低了13.90%,压缩强度降低了17.33%,拉伸模量和弯曲模量分别提高了19.38%和16.04%,压缩模量提高了13%;MWCNTs与玻纤织物之间的结合较弱,在拉伸作用下,存在明显的脱粘和分层;将改性玻纤织物在200℃下热压处理2h后,制备的MWCNTs改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的力学性能均有所提高,热压处理后树脂与玻纤织物之间的界面结合得到改善。     

混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料的力学性能

研究了化学改性聚丙烯（PP）纤维以及掺加聚丙烯纤维和芳纶纤维混杂比例和混杂效应对水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响,并构建了纤维增强水泥砂浆界面层的物理模型,描述了纤维对水泥砂浆的增强机制。实验表明,聚丙烯纤维经改性后使水泥砂浆前期抗折强度明显提高,聚丙烯纤维和芳纶纤维的混杂使水泥砂浆的后期抗折强度显著提高。改性聚丙烯纤维掺加体积分数为0.56%,芳纶纤维的体积分数为0.24%时,混杂纤维增强水泥砂浆试样较空白试样,3天、28天抗折强度分别提高了18.48%、31.17%,3天、28天抗压强度分别提高了7.16%、5.19%。     

氧化石墨烯增强水泥基复合材料的力学性能及微观结构

本文采用改进的Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯（Graphene oxide,GO）悬浮液,通过FTIR、XRD和AFM等测试技术对GO晶体结构和尺寸形态进行了表征,考察了GO掺量和水灰比的变化对GO增强水泥基复合材料力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明：GO增强水泥基复合材料抗折抗压强度随GO掺量增加而先提高后降低,且对于抗折强度增强效果远超过抗压强度,当GO掺量为0.03%时,抗折强度达到最大值13.72 MPa;高水灰比条件下掺入GO对水泥胶砂强度的提高更显著;通过SEM对GO增强水泥基复合材料微观结构进行表征,发现GO能够优化水泥水化产物的微观结构形态,细化晶体尺寸,形成更加致密均匀的网络结构,从而改善水泥基复合材料的宏观性能。     

C/C-ZrC复合材料的微观结构和力学性能研究

采用ZrOCl₂溶液浸渍法把锆化合物引入碳纤维预制体, 经热处理、热梯度化学气相渗透致密化和高温石墨化工艺制备了C/C-ZrC复合材料。性能测试结果表明, C/C复合材料的弯曲强度和模量随ZrC含量的增加而增大, ZrC含量为12.08wt%时, 其强度和模量分别为42.5 MPa 和9.6 GPa, 比未改性试样分别提高了70.0%和43.3%。基体中结合较弱的微米级ZrC颗粒的存在不利于碳基体强度的提高, 但其对材料最终性能的影响是次要的, 碳基体中亚微米/纳米级ZrC颗粒的存在和良好的ZrC-C界面结合, 提高了碳基体的强度和模量, 进而提高了复合材料的最终性能。     

Challenges and Progress in High‐Throughput Screening of Polymer Mechanical Properties by Indentation

Depth‐sensing or instrumented indentation is an experimental characterization approach well‐suited for high‐throughput investigation of mechanical properties of polymeric materials. This is due to both the precision of force and displacement, and to the small material volumes required for quantitative analysis. Recently, considerable progress in the throughput (number of distinct material samples analyzed per unit time) of indentation experiments has been achieved, particularly for studies of elastic properties. Future challenges include improving the agreement between various macroscopic properties (elastic modulus, creep compliance, loss tangent, onset of nonlinear elasticity, energy dissipation, etc.) and their counterpart properties obtained by indentation. Sample preparation constitutes a major factor for both the accuracy of the results and the speed and efficiency of experimental throughput. It is important to appreciate how this processing step may influence the mechanical properties, in particular the onset of nonlinear elastic or plastic deformation, and how the processing may affect the agreement between the indentation results and their macroscopic analogues.     

微胶囊-玄武岩纤维/水泥复合材料的力学性能

以水泥、玄武岩纤维和脲醛/环氧树脂微胶囊为主要材料,制备水泥基复合材料标准试样,研究纤维掺量、纤维长度、微胶囊质量分数、水灰质量比和养护龄期对复合材料抗折强度和抗压强度的影响,利用正交实验确定微胶囊-玄武岩纤维/水泥自修复复合材料力学性能的最优配比。实验结果表明：抗折强度随着纤维掺量的增加而增加,抗压强度随着纤维掺量增加而减小;随着纤维长度的增加,抗折强度略有增加,抗压强度略有降低;抗折强度随着微胶囊质量分数的增加呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,而抗压强度则呈现下降趋势;抗折强度与抗压强度随养护龄期的增加而呈增加的趋势;材料经损伤后修复,抗折强度修复率为117%,恢复率为103%,抗压强度修复率为71%,恢复率为97%。     

Mechanical and fracture properties of cellulose-fibre-reinforced epoxy laminates

Epoxy laminates reinforced with cellulose-fibre mats (CFM) have been synthesized and characterized. The influence of CFM dispersion on the mechanical and fracture properties of these laminates have been characterized in terms of elastic modulus, hardness, flexural strength, fracture toughness, indentation responses, impact-fracture, crack-growth resistance and in situ fracture. The reinforcement by the CFM resulted in a significant increase in the strain at break, indentation creep, fracture toughness and impact toughness but moderate increase in flexural strength and flexural modulus. A pronounced R-curve behaviour is exhibited by the CFM-reinforced epoxy sample, which failed in a graceful manner with slow and stable crack-growth. The micromechanisms of toughening and crack-tip failure processes are identified and discussed in the light of observed microstructures from in situ and ex situ fracture. The implications for new approaches in the ‘eco-design’ of environmentally friendly composite materials are addressed.