折反式眼底相机光学系统设计

为控制传统眼底相机的杂光和鬼像,设计了一款40°视场、48mm工作距离的折反式眼底相机光学系统。设计了离轴反射式网膜物镜,引入了自由曲面以校正其离轴像差,成像物镜中采用两个自由曲面对网膜物镜的剩余像差进行校正。建立了一种离焦眼模型,用于优化成像光路,消除人眼像差对成像的影响,同时得到不同视度缺陷眼的成像光路。照明光路中使用3个相邻的环形光阑,减少了眼球光学系统反射的杂光。成像光学系统可在-10～+10m-1调焦,物方各视场分辨率为33lp/mm,系统畸变小于8.5%;照明光学系统在不产生鬼像的前提下,可均匀照明眼底,照度非均匀性在15%以内。实验表明,引入自由曲面的折反式眼底相机,有效地消除了杂光和鬼像,满足大视场和大工作距离的要求。     

Design of optical system for catadioptric fundus camera

为控制传统眼底相机的杂光和鬼像,设计了一款40°视场、48 mm工作距离的折反式眼底相机光学系统.设计了离轴反射式网膜物镜,引入了自由曲面以校正其离轴像差,成像物镜中采用两个自由曲面对网膜物镜的剩余像差进行校正.建立了一种离焦眼模型,用于优化成像光路,消除人眼像差对成像的影响,同时得到不同视度缺陷眼的成像光路.照明光路中使用3个相邻的环形光阑,减少了眼球光学系统反射的杂光.成像光学系统可在-10～+10 m-1调焦,物方各视场分辨率为33 lp/mm,系统畸变小于8.5％;照明光学系统在不产生鬼像的前提下,可均匀照明眼底,照度非均匀性在15％以内.实验表明,引入自由曲面的折反式眼底相机,有效地消除了杂光和鬼像,满足大视场和大工作距离的要求.     

大孔径面视场PG成像光谱仪的光学设计

针对成像光谱仪通过狭缝进行线视场成像时存在的孔径较小、光学透过率较低等问题,研究了一种基于棱镜-光栅型分光结构的大孔径面视场成像光谱仪。该棱镜-光栅成像光谱仪采用表面浮雕型透射光栅,极大地降低了光栅的制作难度与成本。大孔径面视场的成像光谱仪相较于线视场成像光谱仪有较高光学效率和时间效率。但是面视场成像光谱仪的色畸变与谱线弯曲较难校正。本文将前端望远系统与分光系统进行一体化设计,满足远心光路匹配和孔径匹配,较好地校正了面视场光谱成像系统中的谱线弯曲和色畸变。并且通过加入非球面反射镜及校正镜很好的校正了由于大孔径面视场所引入的非对称性离轴像差。结果表明,设计的大孔径面视场PG成像光谱仪光谱波段范围400~1 000nm,光学调制传递函数达到0.65以上,光谱分辨率达2.5nm,全谱段不同视场的谱线弯曲小于5μm,色畸变小于8μm。     

机载宽视场大相对孔径成像光谱仪

根据宽视场大相对孔径成像光谱仪的应用要求和技术指标,采用离轴Schwarzschild望远成像系统和双Schwarzschild光谱成像系统匹配的结构型式,设计了一个视场为28°、相对孔径为1/2.5、工作波段为0.4~1μm的机载成像光谱仪光学系统;根据双Schwarzschild光谱成像系统的像散校正条件计算了初始结构参数。然后,利用光学设计软件ZEMAX-EE进行了光线追迹和优化设计,并对设计结果进行了分析与评价。结果显示:光谱成像系统中心波长和边缘波长88%以上的能量集中在一个探测器像元内;谱线弯曲和谱带弯曲均小于像元的5%,便于光谱和辐射定标;成像光谱仪全系统在各个波长的光学传递函数均达到0.59以上,完全满足设计指标要求。该成像系统体积小、重量轻,非常适合航空遥感应用。     

同轴大压缩比大相对孔径相机的光学系统设计

以近轴三反射镜消像差理论作为设计依据,采用小视场角偏置设置,使用一维倾斜平面镜将光路在主镜前折叠,优化设计了具有高压缩比的同轴大相对孔径成像光学系统。其中,相机焦距为2.5 m,像方F数为6.3,成像视场角为0.6°×0.3°,在91 lp/mm的空间频率下,400～900 nm可见光-近红外波段光学调制传递函数优于0.41,1 064 nm激光波段20 lp/mm时光学调制传递函数优于0.6,成像质量均接近衍射极限,全视场下成像一致性较好。光学系统长度具备小于1/5.6倍系统焦距、1.1倍主镜直径的高压缩比,三反射镜均为二次曲面且非离轴空间布局,不含有高次非球面系数,公差分析结果表明光学系统易于工程化实现,在多星组网的紧凑型商用成像测高光学相机领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

双向大视场消畸变低温红外目标模拟光学系统设计

为了选择合适的低温红外目标模拟光学系统,针对国内现有离轴三反射光学系统多存有弧矢视场较大,子午视场很小的问题,本文基于光学系统对称性法则,设计了子午和弧矢都为5°,波长为3～5μm的矩形双向大视场离轴三反系统,其焦距为400mm,F#为8。利用光学系统结构参数和反射镜的非球面系数,调整三镜的偏心及倾斜来消除畸变及其它像差,系统光学传递函数在6.5lp/mm时优于0.71,全视场均方根波像差达到λ/250,均方根最大弥散斑半径不超过7.0μm,达到衍射极限。另外,系统在各个谱段全视场范围内的最大畸变量小于0.04%。设计的系统可用于红外及可见波段,成像质量均良好。     

大视场三线阵航空测绘相机光学系统设计

针对大视场、高分辨率、低畸变和环境适应性要求高的三线阵航空测绘相机光学系统设计要求,开展新型光学系统结构形式设计:首先,根据总体方案要求以及稳定平台安装特点,确定了单镜头的技术方案;接着,分析计算了光学系统各项指标参数,光学系统拉氏不变量达到9.5;然后,对比分析了非像方远心光路、像方远心光路和准像方远心光路的结构形式;最后,设计了一种航空环境适应性良好的双高斯复杂化失对称准像方远心光学系统结构形式。设计的光学系统成像质量好,在全色谱段内的Nyquist频率为100lp/mm,全视场调制传递函数均优于0.36;分别在R、G、B谱段的Nyquist频率为50lp/mm,全视场调制传递函数均优于0.6。光学系统全视场最大相对畸变优于0.1%,在均匀温度0~40℃范围内,全色谱段调制传递函数优于0.3。实验室鉴别率板测试结果表明,相机静态分辨率达到102lp/mm;飞行验证试验结果表明,相机摄影分辨率达到0.16m@2km航高。光学系统设计完全满足大视场三线阵航空测绘相机环境适应性和分辨率的要求。     

超大视场头盔显示光学系统设计

设计了大视场头盔显示器的目视光学系统,用于满足头盔显示器对大视场、小畸变、高分辨率以及轻量化的苛刻要求.采用4×3阵列式排列、视场角为33°×24°的12组高质量成像目镜系统拼接成单眼目视光学系统来实现系统的大视场设计.为了使系统轻量化,每个单元目镜只采用一片透镜;透镜一面采用二元光学衍射面,利用其特殊色散特性校正目镜系统色差;另一面采用非球面,用于校正目镜光学系统的初、高级单色像差.其图像源为高亮度、高分辨率的OLED微显示器.设计结果显示:单目目视光学系统水平视场达到120°,垂直视场为60°,角分辨率为43 pixel/(°);单个目镜系统传递函数在40 lp/mm处,轴上视场高于0.62,全视场高于0.1;系统畸变小于3％;系统的双目视场为160°×60°,双目重叠视场为80°×60°.该设计实现了超大视场,满足头盔显示光学系统的成像要求.     

大孔径大视场轻小型星敏感器光学系统

提出了一个大相对孔径、大视场轻小型CCD星敏感器光学系统设计方案,该星敏感器焦距为22.5 mm,F数为1.2,谱段范围470~750 nm,视场角25°。采用双高斯基本型后加一片近乎等晕的正透镜,获得了较大的相对孔径,同时选择高折射率玻璃材料增大视场并降低轴上及轴外光束入射角,高折射率玻璃材料亦能降低高级像差且使系统总长缩短。像质分析表明,此设计方案能够满足使用要求,光学系统总长仅为46.51 mm,满足实际工程轻量化需求。     

机载海洋改进型Dyson高光谱成像仪的研制

针对海洋环境、海洋水色等领域的发展需要,设计了一种适于机载的宽视场、大相对孔径的改进型Dyson光谱成像系统。根据海洋环境污染的光学特性,利用不同目标反照率值估算目标信号的信噪比,将高光谱成像仪的工作波段扩宽至紫外波段;使用大像元尺寸的探测器、大相对孔径的成像系统来满足对海洋目标弱信号的识别,同时通过降低积分时间来避免近海岸沙滩信号过强引起的探测器饱和。该光谱仪的工作波段为0.32~1.05μm、相对孔径为f/1.8、像元尺寸为24μm×24μm,通过加入弯月形的矫正镜避免了狭缝、探测器、滤光片和单透镜相互之间产生干涉。设计结果表明,整个光学系统各波长的传递函数均大于0.83,谱线弯曲和谱带弯曲均小于像元尺寸的4%。所设计成像光谱仪系统适用于海洋环境污染,尤其是海洋溢油污染的监测。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.