激光自动对焦中离焦量的探测与计算方法

根据激光光线聚焦状态不同对应被测面上激光光斑形状不同的特点,通过引入辅助激光束,分析了调焦CCD采集的激光光斑图像信息,进而根据光斑形状及半径等信息确定被测面对焦状态。针对实验中每隔相同离焦距离采集的一系列光斑图像,提出了相应的图像处理方案,以提取所需光斑半径信息,进而进行光斑半径与离焦量转换。实验结果表明,光斑半径与离焦量呈线性关系,最大线性范围灵敏度为2.342像素/μm,最高可实现0.43μm分辨率。     

基于光学自由曲面的离轴三反光学系统

为了研制长焦距大视场离轴三反空间光学系统,描述了自由曲面光学数理模型,设计了基于自由曲面的离轴三反光学系统.针对焦距为4500 mm,成像视场角为11°,系统总长与焦距的比值为1/3的光学系统,对比分析了传统离轴三反光学系统和次镜为自由曲面的离轴三反光学系统的关键性能.在提出的光学系统中次镜采用自由曲面设计,提升了光学...     

机载激光通信系统的杂散光分析

在自由空间激光通信系统中,常采用通信及信标发射接收共用同一系统的方式,内部发射激光若不能很好的抑制、外部杂散光的干扰都能在整个系统中通信,接收探测器以及信标接收探测器像面上将产生杂散光的影响.本文针对机载激光通信系统进行了杂散光的分析及软件仿真,仿真结果表明系统光学和机械结构设计有效地抑制了内部和外部杂散光.     

高转速扫描激光雷达中探测器偏离焦平面的应用

为了提高激光雷达测距的动态范围,解决高转速扫描激光雷达测量远距离目标时的脱靶问题,提出了探测器偏离焦平面的方法。对远距离回波脱靶现象、探测器在焦平面径向和轴向上偏离的作用原理、回波光斑在焦平面附近的空间能量分布进行研究。根据目标距离、激光扫描线转速、焦距和离焦量,分析回波光斑中心相对于光轴的径向偏离角和径向偏离量。当不同距离回波的像平面、光学系统焦平面和探测器靶面之间的相对位置变化时,分析了回波光斑尺寸在探测器靶面的变化规律。考虑激光高斯光束的能量分布、光学系统孔径光阑、衍射和离焦的影响,分析了回波光斑在探测器平面的能量分布以及探测器靶面的收光率。最后,通过数值仿真和实际测试验证了探测器在偏离焦平面后对不同距离回波的收光率的变化规律。实验结果表明：在75 Hz四棱塔镜扫描方式下,通过调节径向偏离能测到的最远目标距离从约800 m提高至约1 300 m;通过调节轴向偏离,保证远距离回波收光率基本不变的情况下,5 m目标的收光率可降低约70%。该方法基本解决了远距离回波脱靶问题,提高了测距动态范围。     

3.2~8 mm百万像素变焦安防镜头设计

设计一种可用于监控系统的大孔径百万像素变焦距光学成像镜头,采用1/3英寸CCD接收,像元大小为3.75μm。镜头在短焦、长焦位置时F数分别为1.6,2.1。利用Zemax工程光学设计软件,对镜头进行了设计与优化,并对优化后的结果进行了分析。设计的镜头在极限分辨率时,MTF较高,公差也相对较松,可以满足实际生产要求。     

拼接镜新型粗共相检测方法

为了实现拼接镜平移误差的大量程、快速检测,提出了一种利用白光(400～700nm)远场光斑相干性来检测拼接镜piston误差的方法。该方法以两半圆孔间的非相干衍射图案为模板,利用互相关算法求解实际衍射图案与模板图案间的互相关系数,通过设定0.85阈值,实现拼接镜piston误差的粗共相检测。搭建了一套室内拼接镜的主动共相检测实验光路系统,其中拼接镜是由4块对边长为100mm,曲率半径为2 000mm的正六边形球面反射镜组成,利用白光(400～700nm)远场光斑相干性测量拼接主镜各子镜间平移误差的方法进行了理论与仿真分析。利用波前探测器和主动光学技术实现了拼接镜精共焦误差的检测与调节,通过远场光斑相干性和主动光学技术实现了粗共相的检测和调节。实验表明:该方法耗时短、能量利用率高,可实现无限量程、±250nm精度的检测和调节,适合拼接镜的粗共相检测和调节。     

湍流环境中光纤耦合效率的提高

在空间激光通信应用中,空间光与单模光纤的耦合效率是影响通信系统性能的重要因素。考虑大气湍流会降低激光与光纤的耦合效率,本文从湍流强度与光学系统分辨率之间的关系出发,研究了大气湍流对光纤耦合效率的影响,导出了接收口径、系统焦距、入射光波长、接收光纤半径、大气相干长度等与单模光纤耦合效率之间的关系。提出了两种在湍流环境中提高光纤耦合效率的方法。方法一是在外界湍流强度发生变化时,通过改变耦合系统焦距,使耦合效率保持在较高值;方法二则是采用锥状光纤接收来提高耦合效率。最后对提出的方法进行了分析、仿真和室外耦合效率测试,验证了所提出的改善耦合效率方法的有效性。     

远场光束扩展对光斑瞄准偏差影响的实验

在远场大气环境下的激光瞄准过程中,大气湍流效应会造成光束的漂移和扩展,从而影响激光器的瞄准精度。本文基于修正的VonKarman湍流谱和部分相干光在湍流大气中的传输理论,设计了高斯光波经过大气湍流后的光场模拟软件,并在一定气象条件下,通过一种激光光轴瞄准偏差测试系统进行外场实验。该测试系统光束直径≤9mm,接收部分为120mm大口径光学镜头。研究了3km范围内强湍流条件下光束的传输特性;结合实验数据,分析了在湍流大气中远场光传播时波束扩展对激光瞄准精度的影响。基于文中研究结果设计的瞄准偏差补偿方案可提高系统在大气能见度10km范围内的瞄准精度。在激光传输距离3km,斜程仰角为0~45°时,激光光斑偏移计算误差≤0.1mrad。     

用于电晕检测的日盲紫外光学系统设计

日盲紫外光学探测器可以精准的接收到电晕放电产生的紫外辐射。利用Zemax软件设计了一款定焦日盲紫外光学系统,该系统由五片球面透镜构成,工作波段240 ~280 nm,匹配靶面直径18 mm的紫外像增强器,F数为2.5,焦距为50 mm,视场角为20.4°,光学总长为72 mm。调制传递函数在空间频率20 lp/mm处全视场均大于0.8,最大畸变小于0.5％。分析了系统在-20 ~60 ℃的离焦现象,计算了各温度下的热离焦量,采用被动式机械补偿的方法校正了由温度变化产生的热差。最后,通过蒙特卡洛分析模拟,对系统给出了合理的公差分配,分析结果表示系统加工装配后仍具有较好的成像质量。     

自适应光学技术在通信波段对大气湍流的校正

针对大气湍流引起的激光光强、相位和传输方向的随机变化对大气激光通信质量的影响,开展了用自适应光学(AO)技术校正大气湍流影响的研究。定量分析了自适应光学技术在通信波段校正大气湍流的效果。利用中国科学院光电技术研究所研制的安装在云南丽江高美谷观测站的1.8m望远镜和127单元AO系统,在1 550nm通信波段对不同高度角的恒星进行了大气湍流校正实验。通过采集校正后的恒星图像,分析了校正后的斯特勒尔比,同时记录下当时的大气相干长度,由此得到了在不同大气湍流条件下的校正效果。实验表明,当大气湍流强度D/r0(1 550nm)小于6.5时,校正后的波面RMS值可以小于1rad,即在中弱大气湍流条件下,该AO系统可以有效地对大气湍流进行校正。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.