离子交换树脂吸附锰(Ⅱ)的热力学和动力学研究

采用静态吸附法,研究了D113离子交换树脂吸附锰(Ⅱ)的过程和机理。结果表明:在一定的浓度范围内,D113树脂对锰(Ⅱ)的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程式,但Langmuir方程更能准确反映该交换吸附过程。热力学函数ΔH0,表明吸附为放热反应,降低温度有利于吸附进行;ΔS0,说明吸附过程熵减少占主导作用;ΔG0,表明该吸附过程为自发过程。吸附交换过程符合HO准二级吸附交换动力学方程,表观吸附活化能Ea为35.085 kJ/mol,颗粒扩散过程为吸附的控速步骤。     

氨基膦酸衍生硅胶吸附剂分离铂、钯和铀

基于曼尼希反应原理,采用化学接枝法合成了氨基膦酸衍生硅胶吸附剂,考察了其对溶液中铂、钯和铀的吸附分离性能。测试了溶液pH、吸附时间、初始金属离子浓度、离子强度和固液比对吸附的影响,吸附选择性及吸附剂的重复使用性能,分析了吸附机制,并用动态柱法对模拟高放废液中3种金属离子进行了回收。衍生硅胶对铂、钯和铀的吸附与溶液pH值关系密切,离子强度、固液比对吸附的影响不大;吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型。在pH 2时,吸附剂3 h内对铂、钯的平衡吸附容量分别为18.5和19.9mg·g-1,pH 6时3 h内的铀平衡吸附容量为62.1 mg·g-1,利用不同pH条件下的吸附差异可分离回收溶液中的铂、钯和铀。受金属离子溶液化学形态控制,吸附剂对铂、钯有较好的吸附选择性。用5 ml 5%硫脲可完全解吸吸附于衍生硅胶上的铂和钯,5 ml 0.1 mol·L-1HNO3可定量解吸铀。衍生硅胶吸附材料可回收重复使用,采用双柱联合可定量回收模拟废液中的3种金属元素。     

改性木质素对PtCl _6~(2-)的吸附性能

以季铵型木质素和季铵型鳌合木质素为吸附剂,研究了吸附时间、PtCl _6~(2-)初始浓度对PtCl _6~(2-)吸附效果的影响,考察了盐酸浓度对PtCl _6~(2-)吸附选择性的影响规律,探究了吸附过程的动力学方程和等温吸附特性。结果表明,季铵型木质素吸附平衡时间和饱和吸附容量分别为300min和67.90mg/g,季铵型鳌合木质素吸附平衡时间和饱和吸附容量为120 min和218.8 mg/g;两种改性木质素在盐酸浓度为1.0mol/L时,对PtCl _6~(2-)均具有很好的吸附选择性,且盐酸浓度越低吸附选择性越好;动力学均遵循准二级方程,等温吸附模型均与朗缪尔方程拟合较好,吸附过程均为单分子层均质化学吸附。     

粉煤灰处理含钼废水的效果及吸附机理研究

利用粉煤灰对模拟的含钼废水进行除钼吸附实验,分别研究了吸附过程中溶液pH值、吸附剂投加量对吸附效果的影响,并对吸附等温方程及动力学进行了探讨。结果表明,在吸附质钼初始浓度为10mg/L、pH=3.1条件下,粉煤灰对钼的吸附效果最好,除钼率为74.3%;对于50mL的含钼溶液,当吸附剂投加量为2.5g时除钼率达到最高值85.4%。粉煤灰对钼的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,以表面单分子层吸附为主;吸附过程符合二阶动力学模型,同时具有物理吸附和化学吸附的特征。     

三烷基胺萃淋树脂吸附铂(Ⅳ)的性能与热力学研究

研究了盐酸体系中三烷基胺萃淋树脂吸附铂(Ⅳ)的性能与热力学。结果表明:在pH=2.0时,分配比有最大值;树脂对铂(Ⅳ)的吸附容量为27.8mg.g-1树脂。其吸附等温式符合Q=12.6c0.19;增大溶液中氯离子浓度以及升高温度均对吸附不利。测得吸附焓、反应自由能和和熵变分别为-11.0,-13kJ.mol-1和6.7J.mol-1.K-1。吸附于树脂上的铂(Ⅳ)可以0.5mol.L-1的NaOH溶液予以洗脱。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料对Au(Ⅲ)吸附动力学性能的研究

通过静态吸附实验研究了不同条件下聚氨酯泡沫塑料对Au(Ⅲ)的吸附动力学,并运用3种动力学方程拟合,分析了吸附动力学机制。研究结果表明:聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸附Au(Ⅲ)过程中,反应30 min基本达到吸附平衡,平衡吸附量随着温度的升高而降低;吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,主要以物理吸附为主,吸附速率由颗粒内扩散和膜扩散共同控制。该研究对聚氨酯泡沫塑料法富集金的应用和改进具有指导意义。     

用锰冶金铁铝废渣从模拟废水中吸附铅离子试验研究

研究了用软锰矿浸出液净化过程中产生的铁铝废渣制备铁铝复合氧化物吸附剂,并用于从模拟废水中吸附去除Pb~(2+),考察了吸附剂用量、废水pH、反应温度、初始Pb~(2+)浓度对吸附的影响。结果表明:铁铝复合氧化物吸附剂可用于从模拟废水中吸附去除Pb~(2+),适宜条件下对Pb~(2+)的吸附量为126.92 mg/g;吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附模型,属于单分子层吸附;吸附过程中吸热,吸附反应自发进行;吸附过程遵循伪二级动力学方程,化学吸附为其主要速率控制因素。     

P951树脂吸附铂的动力学性质

本文研究了Ｐ９５１树脂吸附铂的动力不技术。实验结果表明，该树脂吸附铂的过程符合Ｂｏｙｄ液膜扩散模式，吸附速率随盐酸浓度的增加而下降，分配比随温度的升高而增大。     

活性炭吸附铂和钯的实验研究

测定了活性炭吸附铂和钯的热效应；在盐酸溶液中为-41822和-12806J/mol，在氰化钠溶液中为-29116和-19470J/mol。测定了吸附等温线，其符合Freundlich等温式，吸附铂：lgQ炭=1.6565lgc溶液 2.1421；吸附钯：lgQ炭=1.7446lgc溶液 2.1266。研究了活性温度、离子强度和溶液的pH值对炭吸附铂和钯的影响。     

TiO2柱撑膨润土对染料副品红的吸附行为

以Sol-Gel法制备TiO2溶胶和钇掺杂TiO2溶胶为柱化剂,制备出了TiO2柱撑膨润土和钇掺杂 TiO2柱撑膨润土;X射线衍射分析表明,经柱撑后的膨润土层间距明显增大,达1.9nm以上, 经500℃煅烧后其层间距稳定在1.8 nm以上.研究了副品红在4种TiO2柱撑膨润土上的吸附行为,结果表明,四种TiO2柱撑膨润土吸附染料副品红的速率和吸附量均较大,其吸附动力学行为均遵循Bangham方程和Langmuir方程所描述的规律.平衡吸附量qe与平衡浓度ρe之间的关系符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温吸附方程.其吸附均为吸热过程,吸附热值在15kJ*mol-1～20kJ*mol-1范围,吸附表现为表面物理吸附和离子交换作用.     

CL-P204萃淋树脂对溶液中钒的吸附性能研究

探究CL-P204萃淋树脂对溶液中V(Ⅳ)的吸附效果。考察溶液pH、反应时间、初始浓度、温度对钒吸附容量的影响,并对吸附过程进行了动力学和热力学分析。结果表明,CL-P204萃淋树脂在298K、pH=1.6的条件下,吸附8h即可达到平衡,对V(Ⅳ)的最大吸附容量为34.2mg/g。树脂循环使用4次后对钒依然有良好的吸附效果。CL-P204萃淋树脂对钒的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程,是吸热熵增加的自发反应。     

D296交换树脂对氰离子吸附特性研究

采用实际工业含氰废水,通过对比试验研究了氰离子(CN-)在D296强碱阴离子交换树脂Cl型和OH型上的吸附行为,从热力学和动力学方面对交换吸附过程进行了分析,初步探讨了吸附机理。试验结果表明:CN-在D296 Cl型和OH型树脂上的交换吸附是放热过程,同时符合Freundlich等温吸附方程;颗粒内扩散为CN-在D296 Cl型树脂上吸附速率的主要控制步骤,随着含氰废水初始质量浓度的增大,交换吸附量逐渐增大;D296 Cl型对CN-交换吸附性能优于D296 OH型。     

Adsorption and desorption properties of D151 resin for Ce(Ⅲ)

The present research is aimed at the development of D151 resin as an adsorbent that it can be used in the adsorption of Ce(Ⅲ) ions.The adsorption and desorption behaviors of Ce(Ⅲ) on D151 resin have been investigated by chemistry analysis.The influence of operational conditions such as contact time,initial concentration of Ce(Ⅲ),initial pH of solution and temperature on the adsorption of Ce(Ⅲ) had also been examined.The results show that the optimal adsorption condition of D151 for Ce(Ⅲ) was achieved at pH=6.50 in HAc-NaAc medium.The maximum uptake capacity of Ce(Ⅲ) was 392 mg/g resin at 298 K.The adsorption of Ce(Ⅲ) followed both the Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm,and the correlation coefficients had been evaluated.Even kinetics on the adsorption of Ce(Ⅲ) had been studied.The adsorption rate constant k298 K valued was 1.3×10-5 s-1.The calculation data of thermodynamic parameters which ΔS0 value of 91.34 and ΔH0 value of 7.07 kJ/mol indicate the endothermic nature of the adsorption process.While,a decrease of Gibb’s free energy(ΔG0) with increasing temperature indicated the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process.Finally,Ce(Ⅲ) could be eluted by using 0.5 mol/L HCl solution and the elution percentage was as high as 100%.Adsorption mechanism was also proposed for the adsorption of Ce(Ⅲ) ions onto D151 resin using infrared spectroscopy technique.     

Comparative study of chelating ion exchange resins for the recovery of nickel and cobalt from laterite leach tailings

Commercially available chelating resins with the iminodiacetate functional group have been evaluated for their suitability for the adsorption of nickel and other metal ions by a resin-in-pulp process from the tailings of a pressure acid leach process for nickel laterites. The Amberlite IRC 748 and TP 207 MonoPlus resins were found to be the most suitable in terms of loading capacity for nickel and kinetics of adsorption. The resin with the highest nominal capacity was observed to adsorb less nickel as a result of the adsorption of greater amounts of the impurity ions. The equilibrium loading for nickel on the preferred resin was found to be similar from the ammonium and protonated form of the resin although the kinetics of adsorption is greater when the resin is initially in the ammonium form. A study of the kinetics of the loading of nickel and cobalt from pulp has shown that the rate can be described in terms of a first-order approach to equilibrium. The optimum pH for adsorption was found to be in the range 4 to 5 as this pH is high enough to maximize the adsorption of nickel and cobalt while preventing precipitation of nickel and cobalt as hydroxides from the pulp. A method for minimizing the competition from more strongly loaded ions such as iron(III) and chromium(III) which are present in the pulp was also developed in the initial laboratory phase of the study.     

离子交换法处理氰化贫液中铜的工艺及动力学

用201×7离子交换树脂处理黄金氰化贫液的高含量铜,研究了树脂吸附铜的工艺和动力学,考察了温度、pH、液固比和时间对吸附的影响。结果表明,该树脂能有效吸附氰化贫液中的铜。温度和pH对吸附性能影响不大,降低液固比能提高吸附效果;在1.0h后吸附趋于饱和,吸附过程符合一级动力学模型。     

氯型季铵树脂对钨酸根吸附的热力学研究

针对钨离子交换工艺热力学参数缺乏的问题,测定了不同温度下氯型季铵树脂吸附钨酸根的平衡数据,由此计算出吸附过程的热力学参数.结果表明,吸附平衡数据符合Langmiur等温吸附方程;在求算Langmiur模型常数项时,非线性拟合方法对实验数据的拟合精度优于线性拟合的方法;氯型季铵树脂对钨酸根的吸附是吸热过程,ΔH为13.505 kJ /mol,ΔS为0.098 kJ /（mol·K）,ΔG（298）为-15.833 kJ /mol;并且,ΔG随着温度升高而变小,说明温度升高有利于获得更大的钨吸附容量,热力学分析与实验结果一致.      

Adsorption and desorption properties of D151 resin for Ce(III)

The present research is aimed at the development of D151 resin as an adsorbent that it can be used in the adsorption of Ce(III) ions. The adsorption and desorption behaviors of Ce(III) on D151 resin have been investigated by chemistry analysis. The influence of operational conditions such as contact time, initial concentration of Ce(III), initial pH of solution and temperature on the adsorption of Ce(III) had also been examined. The results show that the optimal adsorption condition of D151 for Ce(III) was achieved at pH=6.50 in HAc-NaAc medium. The maximum uptake capacity of Ce(III) was 392 mg/g resin at 298 K. The adsorption of Ce(III) followed both the Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm, and the correlation coefficients had been evaluated. Even kinetics on the adsorption of Ce(III) had been studied. The adsorption rate constant k_{298 K} valued was 1.3×10^?5 s^?1. The calculation data of thermodynamic parameters which ΔS⁰ value of 91.34 and ΔH⁰ value of 7.07 kJ/mol indicate the endothermic nature of the adsorption process. While, a decrease of Gibb's free energy (ΔG⁰) with increasing temperature indicated the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. Finally, Ce(III) could be eluted by using 0.5 mol/L HCl solution and the elution percentage was as high as 100%. Adsorption mechanism was also proposed for the adsorption of Ce(III) ions onto D151 resin using infrared spectroscopy technique.     

树脂吸附柠檬酸盐-硫代硫酸盐浸出液中的银

铜-柠檬酸盐-硫代硫酸盐溶液是一种具有应用潜力的绿色浸金体系。研究了利用D301离子交换树脂从柠檬酸盐-硫代硫酸盐溶液中吸附银络合物的工艺可行性。考察了溶液pH、柠檬酸盐和硫代硫酸盐浓度及硝酸根对银吸附效果的影响。结果表明,硫代硫酸银络合物树脂吸附为均匀位点的单层吸附,符合准二级吸附动力学。柠檬酸和硝酸根均抑制树脂对硫代硫酸银离子的吸附,当溶液pH大于12时,D301树脂对硫代硫酸银离子的吸附容量急剧降低。研究结果明确了吸附过程的控速步骤及主要影响因素,为进一步实现硫代硫酸盐-柠檬酸溶液中的重贵金属回收提供了理论和技术基础。     

Adsorption of erbium(III) on D113-III resin from aqueous solutions: batch and column studies

The adsorption and desorption behaviors of Er(III) ion on D113-III resin were investigated. Batch adsorption studies were carried out with various Er(III) ion concentrations, pH, contact time and temperature, indicating that D113-III resin could adsorb Er(III) ion effectively from aqueous solution. The loading of Er(III) ion onto D113-III resin increased with increasing the initial concentration. The adsorption was strongly dependent on pH of the medium with enhanced adsorption as the pH turned from 3.45 to 6.75. In the batch system, the D113-III resin exhibited the highest Er(III) ion uptake as 250 mg/g at 298 K, at an initial pH value of 6.04, calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption kinetics was in agreement with Lagergren-first-order kinetics among the Lagergren-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model, liquid film diffusion model and intraparticle diffusion model. The adsorption data gave good fits with Langmuir isotherms. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG, which were all negative, indicated that the adsorption of Er(III) ion onto D113-III resin was spontaneous and the positive value of ΔH showed that the adsorption was endothermic in nature. Thomas model was applied to experimental column data to determine the characteristic parameters of column useful for process design. Er(III) ion could be eluted by using the 4.0 mol/L HCl solution. The characterization of both before and after adsorption of Er(III) ion on D113-III resin was undertaken with IR spectroscopic technique. Moreover, the surface characterization of D113-III resin was described by scanning electron micrographs (SEM).