基于小波阈值的图像增强算法

本文针对传统的图像增强算法中存在的一些问题,如增强噪声、丢失细节、对比度差等.提出了一种基于小波变换的图像增强算法.图像经过多尺度小波分解后,得到不同尺度的小波系数,然后根据噪声在不同尺度的分布情况和小波系数的特点,对不同尺度的小波系数采用不同的小波阈值增强算法,最后进行小波重构,即可得到增强后的图像.经过仿真实验证明该方法可以有效地增强图像的细节信息,保持图像的边缘特征.改善图像的视觉效果.     

基于软阈值的小波图像增强方法

针对传统图像增强中存在的一些问题,如增强噪声、丢失细节等,提出了一种基于软阈值的小波图像增强方法。图像经过小波分解后可以得到一系列不同尺度上的子带图像,在不同尺度的子带图像上进行基于软阈值滤波的细节系数增强,再进行小波重构,即可得到增强后的图像。该方法可以有效地增强图像的细节信息,保持图像的边缘特征,改善图像的视觉效果。     

一种新颖的医学图像锐化增强算法

针对医学图像组织间不明显现象,提出了一种基于模糊规则和小波变换的医学图像锐化增强算法。对不同尺度的小波系数进行锐化增强时,首先根据该尺度低频系数中心像素与其邻域像素的相容性利用模糊规则自适应计算非线性细节增益系数。然后把增益系数与细节小波系数相乘,小波重建后得到增强图像。实验结果表明,提出的算法对图像细节进行增强的同时能够有效地抑制噪声。     

基于小波变换的低对比度图像增强方法

传统的图像增强方法对于光照不足或不均匀的图像处理效果不佳.而且还存在噪声增强的问题.文章提出了一种基于小波变换的低对比度图像增强算法,对小波变换后的高频系数进行去噪、增强,对低频系数进行多尺度Retinex增强,既作了图像动态范围压缩,又较好地保证了图像的色感一致性.实验结果表明,该算法效果较好,可以有效增强图像的细节...     

一种基于二维离散小波变换的医学图像增强算法

噪声是影响医学图像质量的最重要的因素之一。去除噪声,增强图像以提高图像质量是医学图像处理的重要课题。传统的图像增强方法在改善图像视觉效果的同时还存在噪声过增强问题,不适于医学图像增强。针对这种情况,文章提出了基于二维离散小波变换的医学图像增强算法。在多尺度分析基础上,该算法对小波分解得到的低频子带图像采用两步提升法进行对比度增强处理,而对小波分解得到的不同方向上的小波系数进行不同程度的去噪并增强。实验结果表明,该方法在提高医学图像对比度改善图像质量的同时有效地解决了传统算法中难以克服的噪声放大问题。处理后的图像更利于医生进行分析诊断和医学影像的后续处理。     

基于小波变换的图像增强新算法

传统的小波增强算法应用于光照不足或不均匀的图像时处理效果一般,针对该问题提出了基于小波变换的图像增强新算法。首先,对图像进行多级小波分解,得到尺度系数和多个层次的小波系数;然后,对不同层次的小波系数采用不同的增强算法进行处理,同时,对图像的尺度系数采用多尺度方法进行处理;最后,利用得到的小波系数和尺度系数进行小波逆变换。实验表明,该方法无论是增强效果还是抗噪性能都明显优于传统的图像增强算法,同时对光照不足或不均匀的图像具有较好的处理效果。     

基于小波多尺度的图像增强新算法

传统图像增强算法在增强对比度的同时,也很大地提升图像噪声,需要对图像进行降噪处理。小波增强方法兼顾图像信号的空域和频域特性,但没有充分考虑到视觉的非线性特性。针对现有图像增强技术的这一缺陷,在分析小波变换对噪声影响规律的基础上,结合小波多尺度的特性,提出了一种基于小波多尺度的图像增强新算法,利用不同尺度上的小波系数间的相关性和小波分析的时频局部化特性来有效区分噪声和图像信息,有效改善了图像增强过程中的噪声放大问题。     

一种基于小波变换的低对比度图像增强方法

提出一种基于小波变换的低对比度图像增强方法.利用小波变换多尺度特性,对图像的能量、细节和噪声部分分别采取不同的滤波策略,对图像进行整体增强.在VC 环境下编程实现该方法.实验结果表明用该增强算法能得到整体视觉效果好的图像.     

改进双边滤波和阈值函数的图像增强算法

针对基于单尺度Retinex算法产生的图像泛灰现象和光晕现象、基于双边滤波Retinex算法的泛灰现象及噪声放大现象。提出基于小波变换的改进双边滤波的Retinex图像增强算法和改进阈值函数去噪算法。该方法对图像进行小波分解,获得图像的低频和高频系数;采用改进双边滤波的Retinex算法对图像低频系数进行处理,采用改进阈值函数对高频系数进行处理;采用离散小波反变换得到增强后的重构图像;对重构图像进行分段性线性变换,增强图像对比度。实验结果表明,该方法避免了图像泛灰和光晕现象,并有效去除了噪声,细节丰富,对比度强,为图像后续处理奠定基础。     

基于尺度相关性的自适应图像增强新算法

针对图像增强算法通常会放大原图像中噪声分量的问题,结合小波变换中相关系数理论,提出了一种基于小波变换的图像增强新算法,利用二进小波变换中各尺度上小波系数间的相关性,有效改善了增强过程中噪声放大问题。实验表明,该方法无论是增强效果还是抗噪性能都明显优于传统的图像增强算法。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).