Collaborative sketching—co-authoring future scenarios with bits and pieces of ethnography

Sketching is a most central activity within most design projects. But what happens if we adopt the ideas of collaborative design and invite participants that are not trained to sketch in to the design process, how can they participate in this central activity? This paper offers an introduction to how design material based on ethnography can be understood as sketching material. It suggests a process where the sketching tools are constructed within the scope of the project. Some practical details of how the design material has been co-authored will be explored. Finally, this paper shows how the design material has been used to co-author possible futures within the scope of design sessions.     

Co-creating external design representations: Comparing face-to-face sketching to designing in virtual environments

While developments in computer-supported collaborative work tools, computer aided design and the availability of high bandwidth networks offer alternative collaborative environments for design, the alternatives have yet to be characterised in terms of their impact on the co-creation of a shared model. A specific collaborative design environment makes a commitment to the way in which the designers can communicate and co-create an external representation of the shared design model. This research focuses on the impact of alternative collaborative virtual environments on design behaviour and collaborative processes. An experiment was conducted to identify similarities and differences between co-located collaborative designing using sketches as the external representation and remote collaborative designing sessions using sketches and 3-D models. The results of this study are discussed in terms of: (1) the effect of being remotely located; (2) the effect of the type of external representations.     

浅析重庆山地公园建筑小品规划设计

建筑小品在园林中能够点缀环境、加深意境。在重庆这个典型山地城市中,建筑小品设计具有其特殊性和复杂性。本文探讨了重庆山地公园建筑小品设计现状中存在的问题,并提出了若干的设计方法,以期对今后山地公园建筑小品设计起到一定的借鉴作用。     

Fictional Inquiry—design collaboration in a shared narrative space

In this paper we present Fictional Inquiry, a collaborative Participatory Design technique that provides an approach that allows designers to shape the context of collaborative design activities. Fictional Inquiry allows designers to address specific issues when inquiring into existing use practices, or exploring the future in the collaborative design process. Fictional Inquiry entails bypassing existing socio-cultural structures by creating partially fictional situations, artifacts, and narratives that mediate collaborative design activities. In this paper we present the Fictional Inquiry technique through three cases that highlight the applicability of the technique when staging the design situation, evoking ideas for possible futures, and initiating organizational change. We present a general framework for understanding and staging Fictional Inquiry, and provide an account of how Fictional Inquiry was used in three quite different design situations.     

浅谈城市公共空间中景观小品的人性化设计

景观小品是技术与艺术的结合,既具有实用功能又兼具精神功能,同时也是城市公共空间中重要的景观因素,因此受到使用者的广泛青睐。本文通过对国内外景观小品的调研,介绍了现今流行的景观小品设计方法与手段,总结了人性化设计的相关策略,为提升公共空间的整体品质以及为人们更舒适愉快地使用景观小品提供了可能。     

扎哈·哈迪德的设计理念方法与其作品研究

引领时代的先锋建筑师扎哈·哈迪德凭借其充满张力的设计草图和富有流动感和动态感、线条张力十足、空间锐利多变的作品令世界震惊。哈迪德勇敢创新,她的创作思想与设计方法独树一帜。该文通过对哈迪德的家庭背景和教育经历的分析,总结哈迪德从苏联先锋艺术得到的创作灵感,并以其作品为例,试析哈迪德独特的设计方法。     

快速建筑设计中强化思维逻辑考查的探索

在方案合理性和表达规范性的表观之下,设计思维的逻辑性是快速建筑设计的核心所在。以场地分析为主要切入点,对近年来若干快速建筑设计命题加以剖析,指出在考核中通过题目设置和操作形式上的改进,可以引导学生对此加以重视并使这一能力得到提高。     

An experimental methodology for investigating communication in collaborative design review meetings

Product design teams, composed of individuals with diverse expertise, communicate continually throughout the realization process, especially during formal collaborative design reviews. Individuals with the required expertise for conducting design reviews may be distributed in different geographic locations requiring either expensive travel or new communication tools to simulate onsite collaborative communication. This paper presents the methods and results of a controlled user study devised to examine the effectiveness of various communication methods for design reviews. Speech-only, text-only, and face-to-face communication methods were chosen to simulate current technologies commonly used in situations of geographic distribution: phone conference, text chat, and onsite meetings, respectively. Primary results from the study include the following: group design reviews in all modes of communication were approximately twice as effective as individual design reviews; face-to-face communication produced a greater perceived effectiveness than speech-only communication; and speech-only communication produced a greater perceived effectiveness than text-only communication. Despite this participant self-reported perceived effectiveness, there was no statistically significant difference between the measured effectiveness of conducting design reviews under different communication-mode scenarios. Review effectiveness was evaluated by a quantitative measure of the number of flaws, non-conformance to the specified requirements that are identified and documented by the design review team. These flaws were intentionally integrated into the product to be reviewed for experimental control.     

城市规划与设计专业的设计素描教学探讨

设计素描是城市规划与设计专业的基础课,但是设计素描又不同于传统素描。文章研究分析了设计素描与传统素描的差异性,以及传统素描教学模式在城市规划与设计专业中的缺陷,提出将设计引入、融于素描,使得学生在学习素描的同时形成设计思维,得到设计能力的锻炼和专业目标的认识,重组和创造思维,培养他们的表现意识。针对城市规划与设计专业的特殊性,设计素描应当取代传统素描。     

Multi-disciplinary collaborative building design—A comparative study between multi-agent systems and multi-disciplinary optimisation approaches

The importance of collaboration between different design disciplines has been widely recognised by the building industry. Traditionally this is achieved through physical meetings between the representatives of different design groups. However, this is facing more challenges when dealing with large and complex design problems. Various approaches have been introduced to tackle this problem, such as multi-agent systems (MAS) and the multi-disciplinary design optimisation (MDO) approaches. The former represents an advanced, ICT-based framework which facilitates collaborative design through communication, data and knowledge sharing and negotiation while the latter represents a theoretical modelling approach which facilitates collaborative design through a thorough analysis of the technical problems. By comparing the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches in facilitating collaborative design, this paper provides a roadmap study for the development of collaborative building design.     

快题设计在景观建筑设计教学中的发展与反思

通过反思当下快题设计的教学现状,重点从学生心态、教学方式、测试场合、快题教学应用等方面,对建筑环境设计学科的快题设计教学发展进行了对照分析,力求减少快题设计教学过程中的负面影响,努力使该课程领域和教学手段回归到建筑表现和思维阐述这一初衷上,并对社会上流行的快题表现的社会需求和发展进行研究,提倡积极正确的快题设计的教学观和测试观。     

Visualisation in architecture,engineering and construction (AEC)

In the architecture, engineering and construction industries, computer visualization usage can cover the whole lifecycle of a product from presentation of initial concepts to the final stages of production and can also extend to maintenance issues. Three-dimensional walkthroughs can be created from hand drawn sketches at the very early stages of the design process. Three-dimensional models can be used by design teams to communicate design intent to client and users and to compare and evaluate design options. During more advanced stages of design, three-dimensional representations can be used to check the integrity of services coordination, accessibility and maintainability. During construction, visualization can facilitate the interpretation of design details by site operatives. The concept of visualization is not limited to modeling physical objects but can extend to the representation of abstract data sets of the type obtained from simulation programs used in performance assessment or from Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) applications. This paper will review the application of visualization in the process of design and construction and then present findings from three research projects that made use of some of these techniques at various stages of the process: for collaborative working during concept design stage, for design development and marketing in the house building sector, and for the modeling of design details during the construction stage.     

建筑师草图中的空间·环境·人的关系——以勒·柯布西耶方案草图为例

本文针对勒·柯布西耶的室内建筑草图进行研究，目的是阐述他在草图设计过程中如何处理空间、环境、人三者之间的关系，进而探究勒·柯布西耶在空间设计上的特点。勒·柯布西耶草图的特点主要分为四种空间类型．本文就这四种空间类型展开论述。     

BIM与现实捕捉在钢结构栈桥改造设计中的应用

BIM作为一种高效的协同设计新方法,正在迅速发展。但该技术在既有桥梁的改造设计的应用方面,还处于起步和摸索阶段。本文采用BIM与现实捕捉技术相结合,提出一种BIM技术的设计流程和方法,并应用于某国际机场钢结构栈桥的改造设计当中。该方法解决了传统设计方法效率低下、准确性不高的问题,为今后类似的项目提供了技术思路与实践经验。     

To see eye to eye: the role of visual representations in building shared mental models in design teams

Whereas design team mental models do not differ significantly from team mental models in other domains, task mental models in design are different in that they are contingent on visual representations. To design a tangible entity that must be specified in terms of form, size, materials, colours and so on, the team conducts a search in which partial candidate-solutions are generated and manipulated, while team members discuss and reason about them. Representations in the form of rapid sketches serve as artifacts that represent the designed entity in its various phases of developments. The sketches are used to communicate ideas and concepts, to negotiate features of possible solutions, and ultimately – to converge into one the mental models of individual designers, who endeavor to see the problem and its solution eye to eye and finally espouse a shared team task mental model which is embedded in agreed-upon representations.     

异形连续板景观桥的设计计算方法探讨

异形连续板由于其充分发挥了混凝土结构可塑性强的特点,在景观要求高的方案比选阶段具有很大的优势,往往能够成为中选方案.文章主要讨论异形连续板桥几种常用设计方法之间的差别,为工程施工图设计选取简便、安全的设计方法提供参考.     

Use of requirement traceability in collaborative design environments

Object sharing in computer supported collaborative design requires multiple participants not only to be able to modify design objects when participating in a collaborative design scenario, but also be able to query them for specific information. Especially in the design of complex artefacts, such as buildings, as the relationships that need to be tracked and dependencies between the participants and created objects increase, so do the difficulties of converging on a single design. Often the shared objects are represented with their most salient design attributes, such as geometric information, to assist computer supported collaborative work (CSCW). Capturing non-geometric information in CSCW requires a shift in the way design objects are represented and queried. In this paper, we present our work in computer aided requirement traceability for architectural design, which addresses an alternative way to parse design objects to assist object sharing in collaborative design.     

Generating value across academic and professional design practice in the Internet of Things

ABSTRACT

This article accounts for how value in design research can be derived from knowledge exchange that occurs through the collaborative discourse of doing design. To demonstrate this point, the article details the arc and impact of a design research collaboration that extended over several years with design practitioners in the field of internet-connected devices. As a result of this ongoing collaborative work, a programmatic set of design ideals and intentions concerning how to construct a more transparent and ethical relationship with technology was shaped. We examine this sustained and transformative collaboration as a series of knowledge exchanges. Within each particular collaborative project, worldviews and knowledge are exchanged among design researchers and practitioners, enabling them to traverse ‘through practices’ of academic and professional design. To unpack these exchanges and how they built and fed into each other, the article examines how collaboration unfolded and produced value on two levels: first on the scale of the academics and practitioners directly involved in a project; and secondly on the scale of the larger international community of design practitioners concerned with Internet-connected devices, with whom we had shared our work.     

Planners' People

The figures illustrated in downtown plan sketches are not representative of the whole urban population. The question is raised as to whether these figures might not be representative of a particular section of the population and whether this section might not represent the major beneficiaries in the majority of planning projects. Questions are also raised regarding the suitability of the perspective sketch in communicating planning proposals.