机械合金化法制备Co-Zr非晶软磁合金粉末的研究

研究了Co-Zr二元相图上4个共晶点成分配方Co90Zr10、Co53Zr47、Co35Zr65和Co21Zr79在球磨条件下的非晶态合金形成能力。分析结果表明,4种配方在一定的球磨时间内都能形成非晶态合金,其中非晶形成能力最强的为Co35Zr65。球磨时间对非晶的形成有重要影响,球磨时间过长,使形成的非晶态合金粉体反而向晶体转化。     

钴基非晶软磁合金粉末的纳米晶化及其磁性能研究

采用球磨法制备了钴基非晶软磁合金粉末.X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明在形成了非晶态合金之前有CoZr2金属间化合物相析出,透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析发现在20h时获得了非晶态的Co80Zr20合金.采用示差热分析(DTA)研究了Co80Zr20非晶粉末的热稳定性和非晶形成能力,结果表明该体系具有很大的非晶形成能力和较强的热稳定性.对Co80Zr20非晶软磁合金粉末在833K～893K退火1h,在振动样品磁强计(VSM)上测量了其磁滞回线,结果表明Co80Zr20合金具有优良的综合软磁性能.     

Ti-Zr-Be-Cu-Co块体非晶合金在NaCl溶液中的冲刷腐蚀行为

为评价Ti基块体非晶合金的耐蚀性,以期今后在工业生产中的应用,采用失重法研究了Ti35Zr30Be2 4Cu7.5Co3.5块体非晶合金及其对应晶体成分在质量分数6%Na Cl溶液中0.2、0.4、0.6 m/s流速下的冲刷腐蚀行为.利用X射线分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)研究了Ti35Zr30Be2 4Cu7.5Co3.5块体非晶合金及其对应晶体成分的相结构、微观腐蚀形貌,并利用电化学极化试验测试2种合金冲刷腐蚀后的耐蚀性.结果表明:随着流速的增加,2种合金的腐蚀速度均升高,其中非晶合金出现最大腐蚀速度峰值的时间由无冲刷状态的32 h缩短到流速为0.6 m/s下的10 h,Ti35Zr30Be2 4Cu7.5Co3.5块体非晶合金腐蚀速度较对应晶体成分小;Ti35Zr30Be2 4Cu7.5Co3.5块体非晶合金较对应晶体成分在质量分数6%NaCl溶液中具有更好的耐蚀性.     

Fe_(88-x)Zr_xB_(12)合金的结构及晶化研究

采用机械合金化法制备Fe88-xZrxB12(X=5、10、15、20)系合金,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差热分析仪(DTA)等测试手段对样品的结构及晶化进行研究.XRD结果表明,球磨60h,Fe88-xZrxB12(x=5、10、15)已形成α-Fe固溶体,Fe68Zr20B12完全形成非晶合金,表明Zr含量的增加使合金的非晶形成能力增强.Fe88-xZrxB12(x=5、10、15、20)合金的DTA图中均出现2个晶化放热峰.Fe68Zr20B12非晶合金的晶化模式为一次晶化.     

Fe(Co,Ni)ZrB非晶/纳米晶的制备及晶化过程研究

采用机械合金化法制备了Fe70Zr10B20、Fe63Co7Zr10B20和Fe63Ni7Zr10B20合金.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了3种合金的机械合金化过程及晶化过程.Fe70Zr10 B20球磨50h后的合金由大量非晶相和少量晶态相组成,Co的添加对FeZrB非晶合金的形成起到了抑制作用;Ni的添加对FeZrB非晶合金的形成起到了促进作用.Fe70-Zr10B20、Fe63Co7Zr10B20合金的晶化过程容易进行,而Fe63 Ni7Zr10 B20合金的晶化比较困难.     

Ag、Cu添加对Fe40Co40Zr6Mo4B10合金热稳定性和磁性能的影响

采用单辊快淬法制备Fe40Co40Zr6Mo4B10、Fe40Co40Zr6Mo4B9Ag1和Fe40Co40Zr6Mo4B9Cu1三种非晶合金,在不同温度下对3种合金进行热处理。利用DSC、XRD、VSM对合金的热性能、微观结构和磁性能进行测试。结果发现,Ag和Cu元素的添加均提高了合金的热稳定性,同时也降低了合金的矫顽力。Cu元素的添加作用更为明显。Fe40Co40Zr6Mo4B9Cu1合金具有相对高的热稳定性能和低的矫顽力。     

纳米晶Sm_2Co_(17)型块体永磁的制备及磁性能

制备了两种2∶17R型Sm-Co合金:Sm2(Fe,Cu,Zr,Co)17和纯二元Sm2Co17,并利用高能球磨和放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备了致密的纳米晶块体合金,研究了其磁性能和相结构的变化。Sm2(Fe,Cu,Zr,Co)17具有较高的矫顽力,而纯二元Sm2Co17矫顽力基本为零。但高能球磨可快速降低Sm2(Fe,Cu,Zr,Co)17合金的矫顽力。利用放电等离子烧结非晶粉末制备了纳米晶块体合金,纯二元Sm2Co17合金具有较高的矫顽力,并且具有1∶7H相结构。而Sm2(Fe,Cu,Zr,Co)17合金则因为Fe-Co相及Sm2O3相的析出,具有较高的饱和磁化强度和极低的矫顽力。     

球磨CeMg12+100%Ni合金热力学及电化学贮氢性能

用球磨工艺制备CeMg12+100%Ni电极合金,研究了球磨工艺对合金结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明球磨CeMg12+100%Ni合金具有非晶纳米晶结构,由Mg2Ni相以及Ni相组成,其含量随球磨时间的延长而增加,这在一定程度上改善了合金的电化学放电性能。球磨非晶纳米晶具有较好的结构稳定性,在吸氢后形成的氢化物相仍保持非晶纳米晶尺度,这有利于降低氢化物的热稳定性,改善电化学放电性能。     

球磨Zr7Ni10合金提高Zr基电极合金的电化学性能

为了提高合金的放电容量和高倍率放电性能，通过球磨Zr7Ni10合金对Zr0．5Ti0．5Mn0．7V0．2Co0．1Ni1．2合金表面进行改性，并研究了不同Zr，Ni10量和球磨时间对合金的相结构和电化学性能的影响。当采用8％（质量分数）Zr，Ni10进行球磨1h后，合金仍保持晶态，在50mAh／g电流条件下经过9次循环达到最大放电容量266mAh／g，比未球磨合金提高了约20％，而且在300mA／g电流条件下仍能保持最大放电容量的85%。随着球磨时间的增加，合金逐渐转为非晶态，合金的放电容量也迅速降低。非晶化合金在800℃进行热处理后大部分重新晶化，经过22次循环达到最大放电容量200mAh／g。     

Zr基大块非晶合金成分的等电子浓度和等原子尺寸判据

制备了6种合金Zr65.5Al5.6Ni6.5Cu22.4,Zr65.3Al6.5Ni8.2Cu20,Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu7.5,Zr64.8Al8.3Ni11.4Cu5.5,Zr64.5Al9.2Ni13.2Cu13.1和Zr63.8Al11.4Ni17.2Cu7.6,共晶成分位于合金Zr64.5Al9.2Ni13.2Cu13.1和合金Zr63.8Al11.4Ni17.2Cu7.6的成分之间，这6种合金均显示了非晶相的形成和较宽的过冷液相区范围△Tx值，以及较大的约化玻璃转变温度Trg值，除合金Zr63.8Al11.4Ni17.2Cu7.6的△Tx值为87K外，其余5种成分合金的△Tx值均在97K以上，最宽的达105K，表明这6种合金是一个具有大玻璃形成能力和高热稳定性的非晶合金系列，合金Zr63.8Al11.4Ni17.2Cu7.6是6种合金中玻璃表成能力和热稳定性最高的，其Tg，Tx和Trg值最高，Inoue非晶合金Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5并不是最佳非晶成分，提出以等电子浓度和等原子尺寸规律作为设计大块非晶合金成分的判据。     

新型Zr-Nb基大块非晶合金的形成及性能

本文用水淬法制备 Zr-Nb基大块非晶合金 ;并采用 DSC热分析法测定了该种合金的玻璃转变温度和热稳定性 ;采用超声检测方法精确测定了材料的声学性能 ,由此计算得到一组大块非晶合金的弹性性能参数。     

Structural evolution during mechanical milling and subsequent annealing of Cu–Ni–Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ti alloys

This study reports the structural evolution of high-entropy alloys from elemental materials to amorphous phases during mechanical alloying, and further, to equilibrium phases during subsequent thermal annealing. Four alloys from quaternary Cu_0.5NiAlCo to septenary Cu_0.5NiAlCoCrFeTi were analyzed. Microstructure examinations reveal that during mechanical alloying, Cu and Ni first formed a solid solution, and then other elements gradually dissolved into the solid solution which was finally transformed into amorphous structures after prolonged milling. During thermal annealing, recovery of the amorphous powders begins at 100 °C, crystallization occurs at 250–280 °C, and precipitation and grain growth of equilibrium phases occur at higher temperatures. The glass transition temperature usually observed in bulk amorphous alloys was not observed in the present amorphous phases. These structural evolution reveal three physical significances for high-entropy alloys: (1) the annealed state of amorphous powders produces simple equilibrium solid solution phases instead of complex phases, confirming the high-entropy effect; (2) amorphization caused by mechanical milling still meets the minimum criterion for amorphization based on topological instability proposed by Egami; and (3) the nonexistence of a glass transition temperature suggests that Inoue's rules for bulk amorphous alloys are still crucial for the existence of glass transition for a high-entropy amorphous alloy.     

Effect of Rare Earth and Transition Metal Elements on the Glass Forming Ability of Mechanical Alloyed Al–TM–RE Based Amorphous Alloys

The present work aims to compare the amorphous phase forming ability of ternary and quaternary Al based alloys(Al86Ni8Y6, Al86Ni6Y6Co2, Al86Ni8La6 and Al86Ni8Y4.5La1.5) synthesized via mechanical alloying by varying the composition, i.e. fully or partially replacing rare earth(RE) and transition metal(TM) elements based on similar atomic radii and coordination number. X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy study revealed that the amorphization process occurred through formation of various intermetallic phases and nanocrystalline FCC Al. Fully amorphous phase was obtained for the alloys not containing lanthanum, whereas the other alloys containing La showed partial amorphization with reappearance of intermetallic phases attributed to mechanical crystallization. Differential scanning calorimetry study confirmed better thermal stability with wider transformation temperature for the alloys without La.     

Co47.6Fe20.4B21.9Si5.1Nb5-xZrx(x=0~5)合金的非晶形成能力和磁性能

采用铜模吸铸法制备了直径d为2~5mm的Co_(47.6)Fe_(20.4)B_(21.9)Si_(5.1)Nb_(5-x)Zr_x(x=0~5)合金。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和显微硬度计分析合金的非晶形成能力(GFA)、磁性能及显微硬度。结果表明:该合金体系具有较好的GFA,随着Zr含量的增加,其GFA呈逐渐降低的趋势。Zr含量为0~2%(原子分数)时,能制得d为3mm的非晶合金;Zr含量为0~3%(原子分数)时,可制得d为2mm的非晶合金。直径2mm的棒状非晶合金(Zr含量为0~3%(原子分数))表现为明显的软磁性,饱和磁化强度Ms趋于一定值。该体系非晶合金均具有很高的显微硬度,Zr含量为3%(原子分数)时达到1420HV。     

Comparison of Fe-Ni based alloys prepared by ball milling and rapid solidification

Mechanical alloying (MA) and rapid solidification (RS) are two important routes to obtain amorphous alloys. An Fe-Ni based metal-metalloid alloy (Fe₅₀Ni₃₀P₁₄Si₆) prepared by these two different processing routes was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy with microanalysis, inductive coupled plasma, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy (TMS). The results were compared with that obtained from other Fe-Ni based alloys of similar compositions. The structural analyses show that the materials obtained by mechanical alloying are not completely disordered after 40 h of milling whereas fully amorphous alloys were obtained by rapid solidification. TMS analyses show that, independent of the composition, after milling for 40 h, about 7% of the Fe remains unreacted. Furthermore, the thermal stability of mechanically alloyed samples is lower than that of the analogous material prepared by rapid solidification. In the MA alloys, a broad exothermic process associated to structural relaxation begins at low temperature. XRD patterns of crystallized alloys indicate that the crystallization products are bcc(Fe,Ni), fcc(Ni,Fe), and (Fe,Ni)-phosphides and -silicides.     

球磨Mg0.97La0.03Ni合金的热稳定性及电性能研究

采用XRD、DTA、SEM及电池性能测试仪等对球磨Mg0.97La0.03Ni合金的结构、形貌、活化性能、热稳定性、电化学稳定性及容量衰减机理等进行了详细的研究。结果表明：样品的热稳定性及循环稳定性随着球磨时间的延长而增加。经400r／min球磨50h的样品在第二次活化时即达到最大值450mAh／g．经25次循环充放电后．该样品的容量与其最大值相比下降了53％．容量衰减的主要原因有：在循环充放电过程中．非晶体逐渐分解生成Mg2NiH4和Ni等晶体相，同时在颗粒表面形成腐蚀产物Mg(OH)2等。