一种高效环保型有机水溶肥的研制

以天然高分子多糖为主要活性成分,辅之以腐殖酸钾、OP-10、EDTA等助剂研制出一种高效环保型有机水溶肥.通过正交实验,确定了有机肥各组分的最佳质量百分比,得到该环保型有机水溶肥的最佳配方,并通过田间试验,得到该有机水溶肥用于作物的最佳用量.该环保型有机水溶肥使作物平均增产15.09％,性价比提高了58％～66％,具有...     

有机碳技术与化肥产业结构性改革

介绍了以有机固体废弃物为原料,经微生物保碳发酵技术发酵生产富含小分子水溶有机碳的有机肥料,即有机碳肥。围绕有机碳肥的核心——水溶有机碳,重点阐述了有机碳肥的生产技术、特点以及对农业用肥的影响,指出有机碳与化肥复配形成有机碳-无机复混肥的优势及应用前景,为我国化肥产业结构性改革提供了一种新思路和方向。     

化肥减量条件下水溶肥对大棚芦笋产量和品质的影响

正为了解化肥减量条件下,水溶肥对大棚芦笋产量及品质的影响,以常规肥料化肥为对照,在化肥总养分减少的情况下,开展腐植酸水溶肥应用效果试验研究。结果表明:在常规化肥减量30%、50%的条件下,大棚芦笋施用腐植酸水溶肥可以提高芦笋嫩茎长度、单根质量、茎粗及嫩茎成长度(散头情况)等商品性;     

水溶肥发展现状及市场前景

水溶肥是近年来在国内发展起来的一种可以完全溶于水的新型肥料,通过地埋或滴灌来完成施肥,具有肥效显著、省工省肥、增产增效等特点,被誉为中国化肥产业和有机、生态、高效农业发展的新方向。目前国内水溶肥行业进入加速成长期,其发展前景十分广阔。介绍了水溶肥的性能特点、制取工艺、生产现状及市场前景,并对国内今后水溶肥产业的发展提出了一些建议。     

不同时期喷施腐植酸水溶肥对高粱农艺性状及产量的影响

为了探究不同时期喷施腐植酸水溶肥对高粱农艺性状和产量的影响,并明确最佳喷施时期,以黑龙江主栽高粱品种“齐杂722”为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,分别于苗期、拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗开花期、灌浆期叶面喷施腐植酸水溶肥(600倍液)。结果表明:与CK相比,不同生育时期喷施腐植酸水溶肥可显著增产,增产幅度为5.5%~7.8%;苗期、拔节期、孕穗期喷施腐植酸水溶肥可显著提高高粱株高、穗长、穗粒数、穗粒重;抽穗开花期和灌浆期喷施腐植酸水溶肥可显著提高高粱穗粒重、千粒重,并改善光合特性;总体来看,灌浆期喷施腐植酸水溶肥增产效果最好,孕穗期喷施腐植酸水溶肥增产效果次之。     

德强腐植酸水溶肥在水稻上的应用效果分析

<正>本文通过田间试验,研究德强腐植酸水溶肥在水稻上的应用效果。结果表明:水稻施用德强腐植酸水溶肥能改善水稻生育性状和品质;与当地常规施肥相比,施用德强腐植酸水溶肥使水稻增产472 k g/667 m,增产率7.0%,经济效益增加     

新年首见含腐植酸水溶肥料获农业部登记数量最高

正2018年1月18日,喜见65个含腐植酸水溶肥获农业部肥料有效登记证,高居13种肥料(含腐植酸水溶肥、含氨基酸水溶肥料、大量元素水溶肥料、中量元素水溶肥料、微量元素水溶肥料、复合微生物肥料、生物有机肥、有机水溶肥料、复合微生物肥料、中量元素肥料、微量元素肥料、     

一种有机水溶肥的研制及在水稻上的肥效验证

以改性多糖高分子为主要活性成分、辅之以其他生物和化学助剂制备出的一种高效环保型的有机水溶肥，将其用于水稻种植，采用浸种、拌种和叶面喷施等施肥工艺，可使水稻产增产24.9%。在水稻增产的同时，又使水稻的肥料农药成本下降了64.4%。因此，用该有机水溶肥取代传统的化肥和农药，真正实现了水稻的绿色高效，具有显著的经济与生态环保效益。     

腐植酸水溶肥在大棚芹菜上的肥效试验

为了研究济农腐植酸水溶肥在大棚芹菜上的肥效试验,采用不同稀释倍数（800倍、1000倍、1200倍）的济农腐植酸水溶肥对大棚芹菜进行叶面喷施,以磷酸二氢钾与尿素混合水溶液及清水喷施做对照,观察不同处理对大棚芹菜生物性状的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,济农腐植酸水溶肥可以明显改善作物性状,提高作物的产量和经济效益。其中,以叶面喷施800倍液和1000倍液济农腐植酸水溶肥两组处理效果最为明显,株高增加0.8-2 cm,茎粗增加0.2-1.0 cm,单株重增加0.01-0.03 kg,小区产量提高8.99%-10.89%,经济效益显著。因此,济农腐植酸水溶肥在芹菜及其他蔬菜上有广阔的推广应用前景。     

不同施肥处理对大田西瓜与温室黄瓜产量和品质的影响

为了探索大量元素固体水溶肥在瓜果蔬菜上的应用效果,开展了大量元素固体水溶肥与习惯性等养分施肥及常规施肥的对比试验。试验结果表明:与常规施肥相比,施用大量元素水溶肥的大田西瓜产量提高了46.41%,产投比增加0.49,品质最优,除有机酸外,各处理可溶性总糖、固形物及维生素C含量差异极显著;与习惯性等养分施肥相比,施用大量元素水溶肥的温室黄瓜产量提高了33.08%,产投比增加0.12,可溶性总糖含量增加明显。     

Simultaneous purification and immobilization of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) peroxidases on bioaffinity support

This paper demonstrates the construction of an inexpensive bioaffinity adsorbent by simply incubating Sephadex G 50 matrix with jack bean meal extract at room temperature. Sephadex G 50 adsorbed 17 mg Con A (concanavalin A) per g of the matrix. Con A‐adsorbed Sephadex was employed for the immobilization of glycoenzymes directly from ammonium sulfate‐fractionated proteins of bitter gourd. The obtained bioaffinity support was very efficient for high yield immobilization of peroxidases from bitter gourd and it bound nearly 425 enzyme units per g of the matrix. Bitter gourd peroxidase immobilized on lectin–Sephadex support showed a very high effectiveness factor, ‘η,’ of 1.25. Immobilized BGP preparation was quite stable against the denaturation induced by pH, heat, urea, Triton X 100, Tween 20, SDS, Surf Excel and water‐miscible organic solvents: dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl formamide. Low concentration of detergents like SDS, Tween 20, and Triton X 100 enhanced the activity of soluble and immobilized bitter gourd peroxidase. Peroxidase bound to the bioaffinity support exhibited very high resistance to proteolysis caused by the trypsin treatment. Con A–Sephadex‐bound bitter gourd peroxidase retained 85% of its initial activity after treatment with 2.5 mg trypsin per cm³ of incubation mixture for 1 h at 37 °C while the soluble enzyme lost nearly 40% of the initial activity under similar incubation conditions. Immobilized bitter gourd peroxidase preparation appeared to be more rigid to proteolysis mediated by trypsin compared with soluble bitter gourd peroxidase. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Efficacy of application of vegetable seed oils as grain protectant against infestation by Callosobruchus chinensis and its effect on milling fractions and apparent degree of dehusking of legume-pulses

The solvent extracted vegetable seed oils of Cucurbitaceae family viz. Bitter gourd (Momordica charentia), Small bitter gourd (Momordica dioica), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siscraria) and Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) were evaluated as grain protectant against callosobruchus chinensis on the stored legume-pulse grains. All the vegetable seed oils were found effective as legume-pulse grain protectant, which provided, negligible weight loss at the oil-application rate of 6-8 mL/kg in legume-pulse grain after 60 days storage at laboratory conditions. The milling yield and degree of dehusking gets improved after the oil application. The use of solvent extracted Small bitter gourd seed oil at the level of 6-8 mL/kg of legume-pulse grain sample resulted in the improved apparent degree of dehusking from 40.0 to 72.59, 59.88 to 92.44, 63.39 to 87.50 and 57.0 to 79.43 for Pigeonpea (Canjanus cajan), Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), Urdbean (Phaseolus mungo) and Mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus), respectively.     

含腐植酸产品在秸秆腐熟上的应用效果

为了验证含腐植酸产品在秸秆腐熟上的应用效果,设置自然态腐熟对照组、添加复合水溶菌剂、添加瑞壤有机肥、添加瑞壤有机肥和复合水溶菌剂的4个处理,开展了秸秆腐熟试验.结果表明:从发酵堆外观、失重率、营养物质变化等方面看,添加瑞壤有机肥和复合水溶菌剂的处理秸秆腐熟效果最好,失重率显著高于其他处理;含腐植酸的瑞壤有机肥在秸秆腐熟...     

苦瓜甙的微波提取工艺研究

以苦瓜为原料,用微波提取苦瓜中的苦瓜甙,考察了微波提取工艺中苦瓜投料物液比、微波输出功率、提取时间、溶剂用量等对苦瓜甙提取效果的影响,优选出微波提取的工艺方案.实验结果表明,最佳投料物液比1:3785,微波输出功率700 W,最佳提取时间为6 min,溶剂用量22 mL·g-1,浸润水用量6 mL·g-1.将微波技术运用在苦瓜甙的提取过程中,有效地强化了提取过程,缩短了提取时间,减少杂质.     

Genome-Wide Identification of OSC Gene Family and Potential Function in the Synthesis of Ursane- and Oleanane-Type Triterpene in Momordica charantia

The triterpenes in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) show a variety of medicinal activities. Oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) plays an indispensable role in the formation of triterpene skeletons during triterpene biosynthesis. In this study, we identified nine genes encoding OSCs from bitter gourd (McOSC1–9). Analyses of their expression patterns in different tissues suggested that characteristic triterpenoids may be biosynthesized in different tissues and then transported. We constructed a hairy root system in which McOSC7 overexpression led to an increased accumulation of camaldulenic acid, enoxolone, and quinovic acid. Thus, the overexpression of McOSC7 increased the active components content in bitter gourd. Our data provide an important foundation for understanding the roles of McOSCs in triterpenoid synthesis.     

Moisture flow characteristics and variation patterns of dielectric constants in bitter gourd slices during microwave hot-airflow vibrating drying

Abstract

The uniformity of microwave-dried bitter gourd slices was poor, and a microwave hot-airflow vibrating drying (MHAVD) apparatus was used to carry out an in-depth elucidation of moisture flow characteristics underlying the variation in dielectric characteristics. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and imaging (LF-NMR/MRI) was used to measure the moisture state and distribution during different drying stages, and the relationship model between moisture semaphore and moisture ratio were analyzed. A vector network analyzer was used to measure the patterns in the variation of dielectric characteristics in bitter gourd slices at different drying stages. As a result, the temperature and moisture distribution of bitter gourd slices during MHAVD was uniform caused by hot air and vibration, and the water semaphore in NMR gradually decreased, but the bound water semaphore increased during certain drying stages. There is a significant linear relationship between the total semaphore A₂ and the moisture ratio M_R in bitter gourd slices per unit dry basis mass in the NMR spectrum (R² = 0.99). As moisture decreases, the ability of the material to store microwaves and convert electromagnetic energy to heat energy decreases, the ability of the material to absorb microwaves decreases, and the microwave penetration significantly increases. The moisture flow characteristics in bitter gourd slices is related to the variation of dielectric characteristics during MHAVD, and drying uniformity was improved.     

水溶性农用聚磷酸铵的研究与应用进展

低聚合度水溶性聚磷酸铵是一种新型高浓度肥料,因其缓释高效、安全易复配的特点在近年新肥料研发和农业应用中受到广泛欢迎。综述了近期水溶性农用聚磷酸铵的合成方法和农学实验的研究进展。论述了水溶性农用聚磷酸铵在农业生产中的施用优点以及聚磷酸铵肥料的相关质量检测方法。分析了水溶性农用聚磷酸铵在土壤中的水解作用机理。阐述了当今农用聚磷酸铵肥料在实际生产应用中存在的问题与发展方向。     

水溶性肥料生产技术发展

介绍水溶性肥料的种类、特点以及国内外研究开发情况,分析水溶性肥料生产原料选择的技术要求以及固体水溶肥、液体水溶肥的生产技术,探讨我国水溶性肥料的应用前景.     

一种水溶性硅肥的制备及其应用

化肥的大量施用不仅导致土壤硬化,而且造成了较大的经济损失和严重的环境污染.硅肥有利于促进作物生长和改善土壤环境,在农业生产中发挥着越来越重要的作用.介绍了一种新型水溶性硅肥的制备方法和应用效果,实践证明,水溶性硅肥能显著提高作物的产量、品质和抗倒伏性,施用效果良好.     

我国有机肥料的资源、利用、问题和对策

针对化肥施用量不断增加、有机肥施用比例逐渐下降的现实,介绍我国有机肥料资源和利用现状,论述有机物对土壤、作物的作用;提出发展我国有机肥料的对策（推行平衡施肥、开发利用城市有机肥源、积极发展绿肥、秸秆还田）,虽然施用化肥仍是补充土壤中氮磷钾营养元素的重要手段,但强调施用有机肥,对于资源利用和防治环境污染都具有重要意义。