航空遥感SINS/GNSS组合导航系统的可观测度分析

开展了基于15维滤波模型的航空遥感SINS/GNSS组合导航系统可观测度分析的研究,运用基于奇异值分解的分段线性定常系统可观测性分析理论,分析SINS/GNSS组合导航系统可观测度和载体机动的关系,得出最佳载体机动方案。     

SINS/GPS/地磁组合导航系统的研究

为了应对航天、航海和车辆导航对导航系统的精度,提出了基于DSP的捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)/全球定位系统(GPS)/地磁组合导航系统。介绍了该组合导航的系统结构与基本原理,采用无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法完成对组合导航信息的融合,并对组合导航样机进行车载实验。试验结果表明,该组合导航系统提高了精度、计算速度和稳定性。     

基于改进联邦滤波算法的组合导航系统的应用

针对组合导航系统中联邦滤波信息融合算法在滤波精度和容错性能等方面存在的不足,提出了一种基于以捷联惯导系统(SINS)为公共主系统,全球定位系统(GPS)和多普勒测速系统(DVL)为辅助子系统的改进联邦滤波算法的组合导航系统。介绍了卡尔曼滤波原理与信息融合算法的特点,基于联邦滤波器的组合形式详细阐述了联邦滤波器设计步骤,将改进量测噪声协方差阵的自适应联邦滤波器应用到SINS/GPS/DVL组合导航系统中,并对此系统进行了MATLAB仿真。仿真结果表明,相较于标准联邦滤波器算法,该文设计的基于改进量测噪声协方差阵的自适应联邦滤波器能明显提高组合导航系统的滤波精度和可靠性。     

基于联邦滤波的智能车辆多传感器组合导航的研究

为满足复杂环境下自主驾驶智能车辆的高可靠性导航要求,对智能车辆的多传感器组合导航进行了研究。提出了一种基于自适应联邦卡尔曼滤波的智能车辆SINS/CP-DGPS/双向光电测速仪组合导航方法,根据联邦滤波的分散滤波结构,分别建立了各滤波器的模型,进行了仿真试验验证。结果表明,该组合导航系统能为智能车辆提供丰富的导航信息,具有100Hz的高频输出、厘米级的导航精度和较强的容错能力,便于实现对发生故障的传感器的隔离。当GPS较长时间中断时,组合系统通过SINS/光电测速仪所构成的局部滤波器的辅助仍能为智能车辆提供可靠的导航数据。

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基于双通道 Residual-LSTM 的 SINS / GNSS 组合导航算法

针对全球导航卫星系统信号中断情况下 SINS / GNSS 组合导航系统无法持续进行误差校正的问题,提出一种基于双通 道 Residual-LSTM 的 SINS / GNSS 组合导航算法。 首先,考虑到 SINS 经度、纬度误差传播特性不同所导致的模型输入、输出信息 之间的非线性相关性差异化,构建具有不同权重系数的双通道长短期记忆神经网络模型结构,并引入遗忘信息共享机制自适应 地利用历史导航数据对经度、纬度信息进行拟合预测。 其次,针对深层神经网络存在的模型退化和梯度消失问题,在多层双通 道 LSTM 网络之间建立残差高速通道形成 Residual-LSTM 模型结构,以增加不同网络层次之间的信息传播路径。 最后,通过实 船数据验证本文所提算法的有效性。 实验结果表明,与基于常规智能方法的 SINS / GNSS 组合导航算法相比,所提组合导航算 法在 GNSS 信号中断期间经度误差降低了 51. 97% ,纬度误差降低了 31. 45% 。     

基于联邦滤波的智能车辆多传感器组合导航的研究

为满足复杂环境下自主驾驶智能车辆的高可靠性导航要求,对智能车辆的多传感器组合导航进行了研究。提出了一种基于自适应联邦卡尔曼滤波的智能车辆SINS／CP—DGPS／双向光电测速仪组合导航方法,根据联邦滤波的分散滤波结构,分别建立了各滤波器的模型,进行了仿真试验验证。结果表明,该组合导航系统能为智能车辆提供丰富的导航信息,具有100Hz的高频输出、厘米级的导航精度和较强的容错能力,便于实现对发生故障的传感器的隔离。当GPS较长时间中断时,组合系统通过SINS／光电测速仪所构成的局部滤波器的辅助仍能为智能车辆提供可靠的导航数据。     

面向室内行人的Range-only UWB/INS紧组合导航方法

为了提高室内行人组合导航系统的精度和灵活性,提出了一种Range-only超宽带(UWB)/惯性导航系统(INS)紧组合导航方法。该方法将锚点的位置信息引入到系统状态变量中并通过数据融合滤波器进行预估,以克服传统UWB/INS紧组合导航模型中需要预先获取锚点位置信息的缺点,减少锚点位置信息精度对组合导航系统的影响。在此基础上,利用迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波(IEKF)来完成组合导航系统的数据融合滤波,以提高对目标行人导航信息的预估精度。实验结果显示,所提方法的平均绝对位置误差与传统UWB/INS紧组合方法相比降低了11.69%,算法对锚点位置信息的依赖程度也显著降低。     

水下潜航器的惯导/超短基线/多普勒测速信息融合及容错验证

针对水下潜航器惯导系统的定位误差积累和容错性差等问题,分析了水声超短基线的相位差定位方法,推导了基于惯导提供实时位置、姿态误差角信息的惯导/超短基线(INS/USBL)导航解算过程及其坐标转换。结合惯导/多普勒测速(INS/DVL)滤波器,给出INS/USBL/DVL组合导航联邦滤波在3种信息融合算法下的应用。通过MATLAB仿真对导航算法进行了验证,结果表明该导航算法能够抑制惯导系统误差随时间发散的问题,能充分利用了3种导航系统提供的参数信息,且状态维数低,滤波收敛速度快,其中基于精度因子信息分配方法的导航系统误差最小。容错性验证结果显示,当超短基线出现故障时,重构后的组合导航系统在较高航速情况下依旧能提供有效的导航参数。所提出的INS/USBL/DVL组合导航联邦滤波方法能够精确地提供水下潜航器的各位导航参数信息,且具有较高的容错性和稳定性。     

INS／CNS组合导航应用现状与前景展望

简要介绍了INS/CNS组合导航的基本原理、主要优点及应用现状,对各类INS/CNS惯性制导方案进行比较分析,分析了CNS导航系统的关键技术,对INS/CNS组合导航的发展前景提出一些思路和看法.     

基于变分贝叶斯的DR/UTP组合导航滤波方法

针对水下无人航行器(UUV)的航位推算导航方法(DR)和水下应答器(UTP)组合导航系统中传统滤波器因观测噪声统计模型不准确或未知而出现的滤波器发散问题,提出了一种基于变分贝叶斯的平方根容积卡尔曼滤波算法,该算法利用变分贝叶斯方法对DR/UTP组合导航系统的状态和时变观测噪声进行估计,并引入自适应调节因子来提高对观测噪声的逼近精度,然后利用平方根容积卡尔曼滤波对系统状态进行更新。仿真结果表明,该滤波算法能够较好地跟踪UUV的DR/UTP组合导航系统外部观测噪声方差的不断变化,可有效提高对DR/UTP组合导航系统各参数的估计精度。     

SINS/LBL组合导航序贯滤波方法

在长基线水声定位系统(LBL)实际应用过程中,由于信标作用距离限制、障碍物遮挡等多种原因,使得水下无人航行器(UUV)可能无法接收到所有信标的应答信号而产生量测更新延迟问题。对UUV在无法接收到所有信标信号时的导航滤波算法进行了研究;结合捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)误差模型和声速误差,建立了SINS/LBL组合导航模型,并将异步量测序贯处理方法引入该模型,实现了SINS/LBL组合导航滤波算法的实时量测更新;通过湖上试验数据分析,对比了SINS/LBL组合导航序贯滤波方法与常规方法的位置误差。结果表明,该方法即使在应答信号有缺失的情况下,仍然能够利用有限的应答信号量测值进行实时量测更新,保障了组合导航的精度。     

GPS/SINS组合导航系统中卡尔曼滤波器的应用

在现代生活中,GPS/SINS组合导航系统得到了越来越多的应用.文中介绍了卡尔曼滤波器在处理多个导航系统传来的数据中的应用,并且能够自动校正系统,以达到更高精度的要求.     

A new method of seamless land navigation for GPS/INS integrated system

For the last few years, integrated navigation systems have been widely used to calculate positions and attitudes of vehicles. The strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) provides velocity, attitudes and position information, whereas the global positioning system (GPS) provides velocity and position information. A method using neural network (NN) and wavelet-based de-noising technology is introduced into the SINS/GPS/magnetometer integrated navigation system, because system accuracy may decrease during GPS outages. When the GPS is working well, NN is trained using the velocity and position information provided by SINS as input and the corresponding errors as output. Wavelet multi-resolution analysis (WMRA) is also introduced to de-noise the errors, the desired output of NN. Test results showed that velocity accuracies improved using NN, but other accuracies remained poor. By re-training NN with WMRA, the system accuracies improved to the level of using normal GPS signal. In addition, NN trained with WMRA also improved the approximation to the actual model, further enhancing alignment accuracy.     

MEMS-based rotary strapdown inertial navigation system

As the inertial navigation completely depends on the sensed acceleration and rotation rate by IMU, the sensor errors accumulate and eventually lead to diverged inertial solutions. Therefore the compensation of the inertial sensor errors is an effective approach to improve the SINS navigation performance. The rotation error modulation in rotary SINS, which has been extensively used for the filter-optical IMU in the past, is one of the techniques to compensate or mitigate the inertial sensor errors and eventually improve the system navigation performance. The rotary SINS is an inertial navigator in which the IMU is installed on the rotational platform and rotated following the pre-designed rotation configuration, and the rotation error modulation is the technique that compensates the navigation errors caused by inertial sensor bias in a complete rotation cycle by rotating IMU. Given the auto-compensation of inertial sensor bias in rotation error modulation, the objective of this paper to develop a MEMS-based rotary SINS, in which the significant sensor bias is automatically compensated by rotating the IMU, to offer the comparable navigation performance to tactical-grade IMU. Simulation results indicate that, compared with the conventional method, the proposed approach attenuates the navigation errors and improve the calibration accuracy based on the reciprocating rotation scheme can be used to automatically improve the observability.     

复杂坏境下基于SINS/UWB的容错组合定位技术研究

针对超宽带无线定位系统在复杂坏境中出现的定位数据丢失以及粗大误差等导致SINS/UWB组合系统定位精度下降的问题,提出了一种基于超宽带定位系统容错判断的组合定位方法。首先根据捷联惯导测量值进行基于中值滤波的运动载体静止状态检测,进而利用最小二乘法实现静止状态下捷联惯导量测偏差矫正;然后在建立SINS/UWB组合定位模型的基础上,引入决策树容错判断机制,对超宽带定位系统在复杂环境中由于信号干扰以及非视距导致的测量数据丢失以及粗大定位误差进行实时评估,进而应用卡尔曼滤波算法,实现容错组合定位系统的构建。在搭建的SINS/UWB组合定位实验平台中进行模型验证,结果表明容错组合定位系统能够有效检测出UWB定位系统出现的定位数据丢失以及粗大定位误差,并且在UWB粗大误差状态持续6 s的情况下,容错组合定位系统仍然能够保持较高的定位精度。     

Maximum correntropy square-root cubature Kalman filter with application to SINS/GPS integrated systems

For a nonlinear system, the cubature Kalman filter (CKF) and its square-root version are useful methods to solve the state estimation problems, and both can obtain good performance in Gaussian noises. However, their performances often degrade significantly in the face of non-Gaussian noises, particularly when the measurements are contaminated by some heavy-tailed impulsive noises. By utilizing the maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) to improve the robust performance instead of traditional minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion, a new square-root nonlinear filter is proposed in this study, named as the maximum correntropy square-root cubature Kalman filter (MCSCKF). The new filter not only retains the advantage of square-root cubature Kalman filter (SCKF), but also exhibits robust performance against heavy-tailed non-Gaussian noises. A judgment condition that avoids numerical problem is also given. The results of two illustrative examples, especially the SINS/GPS integrated systems, demonstrate the desirable performance of the proposed filter.     

Application of unscented R–T–S smoothing based on novel mathematical model in SINS/GPS integrated system post processing

The integrated system of Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) has become widely-applied equipment in airborne remote sensing for getting the motion information. For the SINS/GPS integration used estimation theory, the mathematical model plays an important role in the optimal estimation of state. In this paper, the main factors that affect the precision of SINS/GPS integrated estimation in IMU calibration errors are considered and a novel nonlinear mathematical model is proposed. An unscented Rauch–Tung–Striebel smoother (URTSS) is implemented based on this model, and Monto Carlo simulation and flight test with a loaded SINS/GPS integrated system are conducted to verify the performance of this model. The comparison results indicate that the proposed nonlinear model can effectively improve the attitude estimate precision.