火药性能对膛压及初速的影响研究

通过对某型枪弹（包括经过技术处理的正常弹、减量弹、加温弹、干燥弹及受潮弹）的初速和最大膛压的测定，分析了火药的药量，初温及挥发对膛压、初速的影响。     

化工编队灭火救援作战效能研究

随着国民经济的蓬勃发展,化工企业总体布局呈园区化、规模化、集约化发展。一些地方的产业结构调整和石化能源发展升级,新材料、新工艺、新能源、新技术企业的高度集聚,大型、超大型储量罐区明显增多,光伏、锂电、化学储能、空气储能、氢燃料、沿海LNG接收站、LNG储配站和油电气复合充装站等新兴业态持续涌现,一旦发生事故,往往伴随着较强的热辐射、巨大的爆炸危险性,以及风向、地势等环境的影响因素。对救援人员而言,不仅要熟悉掌握其致灾机理、发展规律、处置对策,对救援车辆装备及力量编成要求也至关重要。     

苦味酸钾对含RDX硝铵火药热行为与点火性能的影响

为改善含RDX硝胺火药存在的低压点火难、燃烧压力前沿上升慢的问题,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和小型密闭爆发器装置,研究了苦味酸钾(KP)对含RDX硝铵火药热行为及其点火性能的影响.结果表明,KP分解放热补偿了RDX的熔融吸热,调整了含RDX硝铵火药体系的热行为,改善了硝铵火药的点火性能,且当体系中KP与RDX的质量比大于1时效果更显著;随着体系中KP含量的增加,火药的点火延迟时间明显下降.     

大气湿度对火药分析测试的影响

在没有调温调湿的实验室中进行火药分析测试,随着季节的变化,一些测试数据会出现明显的差异。本文分析论证了产生这种差异的原因,主要是大气湿度的影响。     

等离子体增强固体火药燃烧性能的实验研究

利用300mL电热化学密闭爆发器研究了在不同输入电能、装填密度和初始温度下等离子体点火对某混合酯高能19孔花边形固体火药颗粒燃烧性能的影响;分析了上述不同条件下等离子体对该固体火药燃烧速率影响的变化规律。结果表明,输入等离子体电能从15.4kJ增大到61.6kJ后,固体火药燃速在100MPa时提高106%,200MPa时提高30%,300MPa以上燃速无明显变化;等离子体点火对低温火药燃烧初期和中期的燃速均有显著的增强作用,对高温火药点火燃烧初始燃速的增强作用较为明显。     

包覆层性质对包覆火药破孔率影响的研究

分析了研究破孔率的意义，给出了破孔率的定义以及研究破孔率的实验方法；讨论了包覆层厚度、包覆层中阻燃剂含量、包覆层内外层比例以及包覆层中增塑剂的种类与含量对包覆火药破孔率的影响规律，这对包覆大药的研究及装药结构的确定都具有重要意义。     

燃气动力补贴加固器用复合火药的应用研究

研制了一种地下油水井损伤套管补贴加固器用低燃速复合火药.通过实验确定了该复合火药的两种配方,并在复合火药中加入惰性辅助增塑剂降低推进剂的燃速和燃温,测试了复合火药的燃速、感度、耐热性及热安定性.抽样实验和现场试验结果验证了该复合火药性能的适用性,计算出解卡锚定力与最小火药量的对应关系.结果表明,研制的复合火药完全满足加固器的性能要求.     

初始空隙率随机变化对弹道性能影响的数值模拟

推导了局部装填床两种特殊装药结构下初始空隙率随位置变化的函数关系式,把初始空隙率随位置变化的过程看作是一个平稳随机过程。结合内弹道过程的一维两相流模型,用Monte-Carlo方法对这一随机现象进行了模拟,从理论上探讨了初始空隙率随机变化对弹道性能影响的统计规律。结果表明,在相同的装填条件下,装药结构对压力波的影响最为明显,对最大膛压和初速的影响则较小。     

复合射孔用单元式压裂火药装药研制及性能测试

针对内置式复合射孔器的结构特点,按照复合射孔对压裂火药装药的技术要求,设计了一种耐温180℃的单元式压裂火药装药。该压裂火药使用时套装在弹架外表面,与射孔弹间之间装配的火药组合成两级火药装药的内置式复合射孔器。通过地面混凝土靶试验检验了装配该单元式压裂火药的两级装药复合射孔器射孔性能和安全性,射孔枪外径胀大最大值3.4 mm,各项性能符合行业标准要求。通过井下试验评价两级火药的作用效果,两级压裂火药作用过程明显,第一峰值压力68 MPa,第二峰值压力61 MPa,有效作用时间35 ms,能够实现对地层的有效作用。     

火药起始参量对最大膛压影响的方差分析

火药弧厚和装药量是影响火炮最大膛压的两个重要的随机因素。本文用方差分析法对不同弧厚和不同装药量下最大膛压的样本值进行了显著性检验。在检验时,每个因素取两个不同水平,每个水平取两个样本,通过样本的统计量来检验不同因素对最大膛压的影响程度。检验结果表明,火药弧厚对最大膛压影响的敏感性比装药量强。所得结论对火炮的装药设计具有一定的指导意义。     

Time effectiveness of the low-temperature plasma surface modification of ground tire rubber powder

Recycling of waste tire has great practical significance. This paper reports results from studies carried out to determine the time effectiveness of the low-temperature plasma surface modification of ground tire rubber (GTR). Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that plasma treatment activated the powder surface. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed an increase in oxygen and carbon element ratio. Meanwhile, the scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated a slight increase in the surface roughness of the treated powder. Testing its hydrophilic property in water indicated that the GTR powder showed decreased dispersive capacity as the time lengthened. Mechanical tests showed that the strength and toughness of the cement stone reduced slightly as a result of increased storage time.     

Comparing the effectiveness of fertilizers

The effectiveness of different sources of the same nutrient should be compared using plots of yield versus fertilizer applied to find how much more of the less-effective source is needed to provide the same yield. This gives the same result as measuring the relative response to the two fertilizers — provided response is defined as the instantaneous slope of the yield-fertilizer curve rather than the yield produced by a given amount of fertilizer. In most cases, and especially for immobile nutrients, the relative effectiveness, measured as suggested, will not be affected by the level of application. It is reasonable to assume this simple case until this assumption can be disproved — rather than assuming a more complicated case in the first instance.     

焦炉煤气利用途径的效率和效益分析

分析了目前国内焦炉煤气利用的主要方向及发展现状,对焦炉煤气发电、制甲醇、合成氨、生产天然气等几种典型焦炉煤气利用途径的效率和效益进行了深入的分析和研究。研究结果表明,焦炉煤气制天然气的能量利用率远高于制甲醇和合成氨,高出20%~28%;较发电效率高出2倍~3倍或以上。以目前的市场价格分析,焦炉气制CNG的效益要高于焦炉气生产甲醇(或合成氨)。焦炉气生产甲醇(或合成氨)项目难以盈利。     

粉末涂料粉碎分级系统研究

粉末涂料粉碎分级系统是粉末涂料制备过程的重要环节。针对粉末涂料的特点和对粒径的需求,在研究ACM冲击式粉碎机和SCX超细分级机基础上,探索了2条不同工艺流程的粉碎分级系统,分析了影响该工艺及系统的粉碎分级性能的因素。实验表明,进行2次分级的粉末涂料粉碎分级系统,能分别控制粒径的上限和下限,使得粒径分布窄,合格产品的质量分数为96%,平均粒径为40μm。     

Effect of level of application on the relative effectiveness of rock phosphate

Responses of yellow serradella, slender serradella and subterranean clover to applications of superphosphate and Queensland apatite rock phosphate were compared in a field experiment in Western Australia. The rock phosphate was applied as a fine powder to a very sandy soil with a low buffering capacity for phosphate and for pH. At low levels of application, rock phosphate was about a tenth as effective as superphosphate — that is, ten times as much was required to give the same yield. With increasing levels of application, the relative effectiveness of rock phosphate declined to well below one per cent and hence more than 100 times as much was required to give the same yield. The decreasing relative effectiveness was incorporated into response equations. These were used to demonstrate that the decreasing relative effectiveness can be statistically tested and shown to be highly significant.A simulation study using the model of Kirk and Nye showed that a decrease in relative effectiveness with increasing level of application is especially likely when the particles of rock phosphate are very small, when the levels of application are high, and when the soil's buffering capacity for phosphate and for pH is low.     

A comparison of methods for measuring the effect of level of application on the relative effectiveness of two fertilizers

The effectiveness of a slowly soluble source of phosphate relative to a soluble source may decrease with increasing levels of application. This may cause yields to approach a lower asymptote. Four methods for measuring this effect are compared using field experiments in which a calcined rock phosphate (Calciphos) was compared with superphosphate for growth of subterranean clover. The methods were: subjective estimates using a hand drawn calibration curve; objective estimates using a fitted calibration curve; objective estimates using the fit of separate response curves; and objective estimates from the fit of a common response surface in which relative effectiveness was related to level of application. The role of these four methods differs. The first method, though often informative, is suitable only for an initial inspection of the data. The other three methods may all be useful for analysis but the fourth method was the most general. It gave the most sensitive statistical test and had the further advantage that it was a direct test of the hypothesis. All four methods showed that the relative effectiveness of Calciphos decreased with increasing levels of application.     

硅灰石粉体对增强尼龙6的影响研究

试验以典型的江西新余硅灰石为原料,进行了硅灰石超细粉碎与表面改性深加工粉体制备,研究了硅灰石粉体复配玻璃纤维对增强尼龙6的影响。     

增强丙烯酸粉末罩光清漆抗冲击性能的研究

为了提高汽车用丙烯酸粉末罩光清漆抗冲击性能,采用3种方法调节漆膜的化学结构,其中使用十二二酸与饱和一元酸复配固化,使罩光清漆抗冲击性能从30kg·cm/cm2提高到50kg·cm/cm2。又将纳米二氧化钛(原位聚合)和多面齐聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)分别加入粉末罩光漆中,两种物质都对涂膜的硬度、抗冲击性、流平性均有提高,但POSS更能提高涂膜的光泽,当POSS用量为0.5%时,涂膜的抗冲击强度达到50kg·cm/cm2,光泽88.3,硬度为6H,附着力1级,抗弯指标1mm,流平性能好。     

石灰石粉对混凝土性能影响研究

石灰石矿山生产机制砂和碎石会产生石灰石碎屑,本文将石灰石碎屑用实验室小磨粉磨不同时间,得到不同细度的石灰石粉,将试验得到的石灰石粉样品按不同比例替代粉煤灰,进行混凝土试验,检测其对混凝土性能的影响,以期合理应用于混凝土中。     

放电等离子体废气治理装置净化效果的评价研究

评述了目前放电等离子体去除挥发性有机物(VOC)装置净化效果的通用评价方法和指标。针对现有指标不能明确、简洁、有效地评价装置净化效果的问题,提出了当量毒性浓度和总净化度2个指标参数,分析了这2个参数的优点,并给出了应用实例。