桉木化机浆制浆过程中木素结构的变化

用付立叶变换红外光谱对桉水化机浆预处理和漂白过程中木素结构的变化进行了研究。结果表明，预处理过程中愈创木基易于磺化和溶出，木素中有新的共轭羰基和醌型结构产生。漂白过程中木素结构单元比例变化不大，木素中的碳基及醌型结构与纸浆白度有密切的关系。     

桉木单板贴面无机桉木碎料板制备及性能

以桉木单板和无机胶黏剂为原料对桉木碎料板进行贴面处理,研究了施胶量、成型压力、脱模养护时间对桉木碎料板弯曲性能的影响以及贴面处理对板材阻燃性能的影响.结果表明:施胶量、成型压力和脱模养护时间对木单板贴面桉木碎料板弯曲性能影响均显著.随着施胶量的增加,板材的静曲强度和弹性模量均先增大后减小,施胶量为320 g/m2时板材静曲强度和弹性模量分别达到最大值35.26 MPa和3863 MPa;随着成型压力的增加,板材的静曲强度和弹性模量也都先增大后减小,成型压力为1.5 MPa时,板材的静曲强度和弹性模量分别达到最大值35.37 MPa和3900 MPa;随着养护时间的增加,板材的静曲强度和弹性模量逐渐增大.养护3周后板材静曲强度和弹性模量基本趋于稳定.贴面处理使板材前期的热释放速率和热释放总量增大,阻燃性能降低.150 s后,基本表现出桉木碎料板贴面前的阻燃性能.     

非硅过氧化氢稳定剂在桉木TMP浆漂白过程中的应用研究

以桉木热磨机械浆(TMP浆)为研究对象, 探讨了非硅过氧化氢漂白稳定剂G1、G56替代硅酸钠用于桉木TMP浆漂白的可行性, 并对漂白工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明:桉木TMP浆过氧化氢漂白采用稳定剂G1、G56替代硅酸钠是可行的。在浆浓(质量分数)20%、H₂O₂用量9.0%(以绝干浆质量计,下同)条件下优化的漂白工艺条件为:G1用量0.5%, G56用量0.5%, NaOH用量5.85%, 温度90 ℃和时间30 min。在此工艺条件下桉木TMP浆单段过氧化氢漂白后, 浆的白度达到77.47% (ISO), 比原浆白度高38.89个百分点, 比2%硅酸钠用量下漂后浆的白度高1.75个百分点, 与2%硅酸钠和2%DTPA同时用作稳定剂的白度(79.88%(ISO))相当。     

美国用针叶木小径材制造CTMP成功

据悉，美国农业部林务局林产品实验室成功地使用北美的针叶木——黄杉、落叶松加工的木片制造出化学机械浆(CTMP)。按照TAPPI—T227规定，进行了纸浆性能测评，质量完全合乎用户需求，而且，对比TMP而言，成本、能耗均有降低，值得推广、借鉴。     

渗透剂在P-RC-APMP制浆系统的应用

渗透剂是一种用在碱性过氧化氢机械浆的新型化工原料。文章通过实验验证渗透剂对制浆预处理的影响。实验表明,渗透剂能促进化学品吸收,降低电耗,降低制浆成本,推广价值高,有很好的发展前途。     

木聚糖酶NY—111对桉木KP浆漂白的研究

探讨了木浆糖酶ＮＹ－１１１用于桉木ＫＰ浆漂白预处理的最佳工艺条件及木聚糖酶预处理对桉木ＫＰ浆ＣＥＨ三段漂的影响。结果表明,用于漂白预处理的最佳工艺条件为酶 ５ＩＵ／ｇ,时间为２ｈ,对ＣＥＨ三段漂的影响为：与常规法１０％用氯量相比,达到相近白度且得率相近时,采用木聚糖酶预处理,可减少约５０％的用氯量、而强度未下降。     

白蜡枝桠材在四氢萘与苯酚混合供氢溶剂中的液化工艺

通过正交试验考察了白蜡枝桠材在四氢萘与苯酚混合供氢溶剂中液化过程的5个因素对残渣率的影响。白蜡枝桠材在供氢溶剂中的优化工艺为:反应温度为150℃、时间为2.5 h、木酚比为1:6、催化剂H₂SO₄用量为6.5%、四氢萘用量为20%,在此工艺条件下,液化效率可以达到96%左右。各因素的影响次序为:时间>温度>木酚比和催化剂用量>四氢萘用量。在选择的实验参数范围内,时间、木酚比和四氢萘用量越大时,白蜡枝桠材的液化残渣率越小,即液化效率越高。     

白蜡枝桠材在四氢萘与苯酚混合供氢溶剂中的液化工艺

通过正交试验考察了白蜡枝桠材在四氢萘与苯酚混合供氢溶剂中液化过程的5个因素对残渣率的影响。白蜡枝桠材在供氢溶剂中的优化工艺为：反应温度为150℃、时间为2．5h、木酚比为1：6、催化剂H2S04用量为6．5％、四氢萘用量为20％,在此工艺条件下,液化效率可以达到96％左右。各因素的影响次序为：时间〉温度〉木酚比和催化剂用量〉四氢萘用量。在选择的实验参数范围内,时间、木酚比和四氢萘用量越大时,白蜡枝桠材的液化残渣率越小,即液化效率越高。     

桉木硫酸盐浆DMD漂白工艺条件的研究

使用新漂剂二甲基二环氧乙烷（Dimethyldioxirane,简称DMD）漂白桉木硫酸盐浆时,应严格控制反应的pH值为7．0~7．5;过氧硫酸盐和丙酮用量增加,二甲基二环氧乙烷的漂白能力随之增强;5％用量的DMD漂浆经碱抽提后脱木素能力与氧脱水素相当,但前者漂浆得率高,脱木素选择性好。     

混合桉木预水解硫酸盐法溶解浆的制备

本研究依据国内某企业实际生产需要,选用澳洲蓝桉和巴西巨桉为原料,按照不同配比进行混合预水解硫酸盐法蒸煮,通过调节预水解工段和硫酸盐蒸煮工段用碱量分配比和保温时间来改善浆料质量;蒸煮后浆料再经氧脱木素、二氧化氯漂白和碱抽提处理,成功获得质量较好的溶解浆粕产品。实验结果表明,在总用碱量一定的情况下,提高蒸煮段用碱量可更高效地脱除木质素,且延长保温时间可有效降低浆料卡伯值;澳洲蓝桉单独蒸煮时,所得浆料α-纤维素含量为94.09%,白度84.51%ISO,聚合度1132;巴西巨桉制得浆料α-纤维素含量为91.68%,白度85.36%ISO,聚合度821,均达到生产要求。     

Kraft pulping of Eucalyptus nitens wood chips biotreated by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora

Eucalyptus nitens and E. globulus are wood species used in kraft pulping in Chile and Australia. Although E. nitens adapts very well to cold regions it requires more severe cooking conditions to produce bleachable kraft pulps. An attempt was made to find out whether a pre‐treatment with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora would improve its performance during kraft pulping and the pulp properties. The biotreatment of the chips carried out for a period of 15 days resulted in 13.3% lignin loss and a limited glucan degradation (2%). The pulping of biotreated samples required lower active alkali charge to reach the target kappa number compared to the control untreated sample and exhibited better pulping selectivity. The pulp yield increased by 3% and 1.5% for the pulps of 22 and 16 kappa numbers, respectively. The biotreated pulp's strength properties were improved and were similar to those of E. globulus reference pulp. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Alkaline sulfite/anthraquinone pulping of pine wood chips biotreated with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora

Pine wood chips were treated for 30 days with Cemporiopsis subvermispora in 20 dm³ bioreactors. A typical selective biodelignification was observed. The biotreated wood chips and undecayed controls were subjected to modified alkaline sulfite/anthraquinone (ASA) cooking at 170 °C or 175 °C applying varying cooking times ranging from 30 to 270 min. In all cases, the residual lignin content of the pulps prepared from biologically pretreated wood chips was lower than that of the control pulp. With increasing cooking time, however, the differences in kappa number became smaller. Wood chips cooked for a short time required mechanical refining for fiber liberation. A disk‐refining step resulted in pulps with low reject content (0.4%) and high screened yield (56–60%). In this case, the use of biotreated wood chips provided pulps with significantly lower kappa numbers than for the control pulp (71 and 83, respectively). The pulp from biologically pretreated wood fibrillated rapidly, reaching 20° SR in only 38 min beating time in a Jokro mill, while the control pulp required 56 min to reach the same beating degree. Although easier to beat, the biopretreated pulps showed tensile and burst indices similar to those of the control samples. However, their tear indices were always lower. Easier delignification after wood biotreatment was not observed for the reactions performed at long cooking times. Oxygen delignification of biotreated and conventional ASA pulps with low kappa numbers reduced kappa number and improved brightness considerably with the biotreated pulps being favored by a better preservation of viscosity. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

杨木APMP与杨木化学浆配抄对纸张性能的影响

研究了典型的国产高得率浆杨木碱性过氧化氢机械浆(APMP)与杨木化学浆配抄对纸张有关性能的影响。结果表明,杨木APMP的比例在50%时,纸张松厚度和不透明度分别增加了39%和9%;同时,纸张平滑度和强度性能有所下降,但由于杨木APMP具有较高的细小纤维含量,因此在一定程度上抵消了其负面影响。     

杨木APMP浆水体系中溶解与胶体物质对纸浆性能的影响

探讨了杨木碱性过氧化物机械浆(APMP)在制浆过程中产生的溶解与胶体物质(DCS)对纸浆光学性能、强度性能、滤水和纤维留着性能的影响。结果表明,随着APMP中DCS含量的增加,纸浆的白度、不透明度和光散射系数均有所下降,纸浆的物理强度也随之降低。此外,DCS的存在减弱了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的作用效果,因而导致纸浆滤水和留着性能的下降。     

Preliminary study on products distribution in alcohol pulping of Eucalyptus globulus

The aim of the present work was to study the fractionation of Eucalyptus globulus wood into pulp and by‐products by alcohol–water pulping. Under the cooking conditions employed low lignin content pulp and a high yield of by‐products were attained. The laboratory‐scale alcohol and by‐products recovery system studied consisted of three stages: black liquor flashing, lignin precipitation from black liquor, and distillation of precipitation mother liquor. The mass balance for the process enabled the amount of pulp and by‐products produced and the consumption of chemicals to be estimated. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Strategies to reduce the brightness reversion of industrial ECF bleached Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulp

BACKGROUND: Brightness stability is a key property of bleached chemical pulps and is primarily determined by wood species and bleaching process conditions. Eucalyptus globulus is becoming a very important raw material for hardwood pulp production. In spite of this importance, there is a relative lack of systematic studies in the literature dealing with the subject. This research aims to study the effect of some of the foremost bleaching parameters of a DEDD bleaching sequence as well as the effect of a final P stage (DEDP instead of DEDD) in the brightness stability of bleached E. globulus kraft pulps. RESULTS: The increase of the D₀ stage temperature from 55 °C to 90 °C caused an increase in brightness stability. Increasing the ClO₂ charges from 2.8% to 3.2% also improved significantly the brightness stability. A high H₂SO₄ charge in the D₀ stage (10 kg tonne^?1 pulp) diminished the brightness stability. The combination of H₂O₂ addition to the E stage and ClO₂ reduction in the two final D stages does not affect brightness reversion. Raising the D₂ stage temperature from 65 °C to 82 °C decreased the brightness reversion, while an increase was obtained when the temperature rose above 82 °C. Substitution of the last ClO₂ stage in the DEDD sequence by a H₂O₂ stage (DEDP) significantly reduced the brightness reversion. CONCLUSION: For an existing pulp mill in which the implementation of new technologies to improve brightness reversion is considered, the results obtained showed that brightness stability can be improved without any significant capital investment. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Simulating the impact of kraft pulping and bleaching parameters on Eucalyptus camaldulensis pulp properties using MATLAB

In this work, Eucalyptus camaldulensis was evaluated as the raw material for chemical pulp under different pulping and bleaching conditions. The pulping was carried out at different H‐factors, and at different effective alkalis. The resulting pulps were then oxygen delignified and bleached using various dosages of bleaching chemicals in a D₀EpD₁ sequence. The effect of independent variables (pulping or bleaching variables) on dependent variables (pulp properties) was analysed based on the multivariable least square method via MATLAB software. An agreement was found between the results predicted from the models and the experimental data. To obtain a kappa number of 15, the optimum pulping conditions were a temperature of 155°C, a time of 225 min, and an EA of 23%. Also, the hexenuronic acid (HexA) content of cooked pulp was significantly decreased in the chlorine dioxide bleaching stages, and was only marginally related to the final HexA content of bleached pulps.     

Assessment of potential approaches to improve Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulping yield

The main goal of this work is to study the potential approaches to improve polysaccharides retention during Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulping. The addition of anthraquinone to kraft pulping leads to the highest pulp yield while the addition of urea promotes lower depolymerization of polysaccharides (higher pulp viscosity), but does not have a significant effect on yield. The early interruption of kraft cooking followed by oxygen delignification is a reliable approach to increase pulp yield, particularly when pulping is interrupted at the end of the faster and more selective kinetic regime (bulk phase). Yield loss during oxygen delignification is considerably lower than that incurred in the last phase of kraft pulping. Pulping with OH^?/HS^? charge profiling, carried out with liquor injection in three different phases leads to a yield increase. However, this increase results from a lower total alkali charge applied when profiling pulping is compared to standard pulping conditions, rather than to alkali profiling. Standard kraft pulping with different active alkali (AA) charges demonstrated that this operational variable is determinant for pulp yield and viscosity. Pulping experiences with lower AA (14%) resulted in a higher and almost constant pulp viscosity and in a higher pulp yield, assigned to improved retention of both cellulose and xylan. During the last stage of pulping, cellulose content decreases, this being mainly responsible for the decrease of pulp yield, while xylan content is almost constant, a feature attributed to the peculiar structure of this E. globulus's hemicellulose. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Optimization of beech wood pulping in catalyzed acetic acid media

Fagus sylvatica wood samples were treated in HCl‐catalyzed, acetic acid solutions. The effects of selected operational variables (catalyst concentration, reaction time and liquor to wood ratio) on pulp yield, composition of pulps and composition of pulping liquors were assessed using incomplete, second‐order, centred, factorial designs. Pulp composition was measured by the contents in cellulose, xylan and lignin. The concentrations of glucose, xylose and furfural in pulping liquors were also considered as experimental variables. Under selected conditions, pulps with 5.8% to 7.5% Klason lignin (kappa numbers in the range 25 to 33), 77.2% to 85.3% cellulose and 3.3% to 6.1% xylan were obtained at 45.8% to 50.0% pulp yield. The selected pulps showed good SCAN viscosity (723 to 814 mL/g) and alkaline resistances which were affected by the acetyl group content of samples (6.6 to 7.6 weight percent).     

桉木光诱导氧化降解研究

本文研究了尾叶桉（Eucalyptusurophylla）木粉在光照射下其木素和多聚糖的变化行为．研究表明，在光照射下木素及木素结构单元中的甲氧基含量降低，多聚糖含量降低，铜价升高．UV分析可知，木素光降解产物中羰基或与苯环共轭的乙烯双键结构较多．经GC－MS分析鉴定出尾叶桉SCMP浆40种低分子量木素光氧化降解产物，其中丁香基型占58．10％，愈疮木基型占18．75％，其它占21．93％，主要降解产物包括丁香醛、2－羟基－3－丁香基丙酸、3，4－二羟基苯甲酸,2－丁香基乙醇、丁香酸、丁香酸和香兰素等.另外也研究了光降解过程中木素自由基变化行为。ESR分析测定表明，光照射产生的自由基在纯的氮气或二氧化碳中相对稳定，在空气或氧气中游离基迅速衰减，从而证实光诱导氧化作用是木材或富含木素化学机械浆光降解的重要作用。