香菇摇瓶补料分批发酵的研究

以菌丝球数量、菌丝球大小、菌丝体生物量及胞内多糖含量为评价指标,筛选香菇发酵的液体种子培养基和发酵培养基,考察了不同补糖方式对香菇摇瓶补料分批发酵的影响。结果表明,适合香菇发酵的液体种子培养基和发酵培养基(g·L-1)为:葡萄糖10,酵母浸粉20,玉米粉15,磷酸二氢钾0.3,硫酸镁0.15,维生素B10.02。在香菇摇瓶补料分批发酵的第6d和第9d分别补加0.25%葡萄糖,香菇菌丝体生物量达到约847mg·(100mL)-1,胞内多糖含量达到约173mg·(100mL)-1,较不加糖时分别增加了约21.79%和34.29%。补料分批发酵能够提高香菇菌丝体生物量和胞内多糖含量,为香菇多糖大规模工业化生产奠定了基础。     

酶催化合成L-半胱氨酸产酶培养基及产酶条件的研究

假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)TS1138经DL-2-氨基-△2-噻唑啉-4-羧酸(DL-ATC)的诱导,在菌体内能产生催化该诱导物生成L-半胱氨酸的酶系.对产酶培养基及产酶条件进行了研究,得出DL-ATC的最适添加量为0.5%,最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为尿素,最适培养温度为27～29℃,最适摇瓶装液量为40mL.根据摇瓶优化结果,进行了7 L罐试验,酶活力最高达1 780 U/mL.     

赤芝在气升式反应器中的深层培养实验

用1.5 L外循环气升式反应器(OALR)对赤芝菌进行深层培养实验.结果表明其最适通风量为:0～24 h,0.4 vvm;24～72 h,0.6 vvm 72～96 h,0.8 wm 96～120 h,1.0 vvm;120～144 h,1.0 vvm.培养时间较摇瓶培养大约少12 h,菌丝干重可达17.4 g·L-1.     

60Co γ射线诱变选育聚谷氨酸高产菌株及培养基初步优化

对一株产γ-聚谷氨酸的地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis CICC10099)进行了诱变筛选及摇瓶发酵条件的初步优化,以期得到γ-聚谷氨酸高产菌株并进一步提高其产能.实验考察了不同诱变剂量下的菌体的致死率和正突变率,以确定最佳诱变条件.结果表明:60Co γ射线最佳的诱变剂量为200 Gy时,致死率大于90 %,正突变率高达13.3 %.在上述剂量下,经60Co γ射线诱变后分离筛选得到一株高产突变株Bacillus licheniformis S16, 摇瓶实验表明γ-聚谷氨酸的含量达到16.9 g·L-1,较出发菌株CICC10099提高72.4 %.并且采用单因素法初步优化了摇瓶发酵培养基,优化后的培养基组成为:柠檬酸12 g·L-1,甘油80 g·L-1,氯化铵6 g·L-1,L-谷氨酸15 g·L-1,K2HPO4 1 g·L-1,CaCl2·2H2O 0.1 g·L-1 ,FeCl3·6H2O 0.05 g·L-1,MgSO4·7H2O 0.75 g·L-1,MnSO·H2O 0.1 g·L-1,pH 7.5;利用优化的培养基在250 mL三角烧瓶装液量50 mL, 37℃,180 r·min-1的条件下培养80 h,发酵液中的γ-PGA含量最高,可达到18.9 g·L-1.     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)FS6摇瓶发酵条件优化

[目的]对解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)FS6的摇瓶发酵工艺进行优化。[方法]通过对发酵培养基成分和发酵条件的单因素试验和正交试验,测定生防菌株FS6对人参立枯丝核菌的抑菌效果和菌体生长量,来确定其最适发酵培养基和发酵条件。[结果]最适摇瓶发酵培养基配方为葡萄糖30 g,酵母浸粉40 g,Mg SO_4·7H_2O_2 g,甘油10 m L,K_2HPO_42 g,H_2O 1000 m L;最优培养条件为接种量6%,摇瓶装液量50 m L/250m L,摇床转速160 r/min,初始p H值6.0,培养温度28℃,培养时间12 h。[结论]解淀粉芽孢杆菌FS6在最适摇瓶发酵培养基及发酵条件下,对人参立枯病菌的抑菌活性最好,为该菌株的工业化生产奠定了基础。     

红曲霉发酵优化及色素提取工艺研究

本实验纯化筛选获得产色素的菌株经过形态学对比鉴定属于红曲霉属,确定适宜的发酵培养基配方为:可溶性淀粉5%,酵母浸膏3%,硫酸镁0.3%,硫酸锌0.05%。红曲霉摇瓶发酵培养的最佳条件是:在适宜2%乙醇的培养发酵溶液中,接入培养菌龄为48 h的红曲霉菌株,在盛有50 mL培养液的三角瓶中接入10%的菌种,在32℃,200 r/min的条件下培养11 d,培养基酸度为0.6%乳酸。红曲霉中红曲色素提取工艺的最佳条件是:pH=4.0的80%乙醇溶液,料液比为1∶60 g/mL,60℃提取2h,提取次数为2次,提取率为11.75%。     

海洋微生物溶菌酶的发酵优化与中试生产

以海洋细菌S-12-86为试验菌株,采用摇瓶发酵优化的方式,研究培养基组分(碳源、氮源、碳源与氮源的比例、金属离子)与发酵条件(培养温度、接种体积分数、装液体积分数、起始pH值、产酶周期)对海洋微生物溶菌酶产量的影响,并进行中试放大试验。结果表明:该菌产酶最佳培养基组分为:葡萄糖10 g/L,蛋白胨5 g/L,MgSO45 g/L,CaCl22 g/L;最适发酵培养温度为30℃,接种体积分数为4.0%,装液体积分数为10.0%,起始pH值为8.0,发酵周期24 h。海洋细菌S-12-86发酵优化后的产酶量(25636.8 U/mL)较优化前的产酶量(14454.4 U/mL)提高了75.4%。海洋微生物溶菌酶中试发酵的产酶量达26697.87 U/mL。说明摇瓶发酵优化条件可以应用于海洋微生物溶菌酶中试生产上。     

多杀菌素发酵工艺的优化及其毒性初步研究

对刺糖多孢菌S-6032发酵培养基及发酵工艺进行了优化,得到优化摇瓶发酵培养基为葡萄糖50 g/L,麦芽糖10 g/L,棉籽粉20 g/L,硫酸铵1 g/L,硫酸锌0.2 g/L,玉米浆15 g/L,牛肉膏2 g/L,碳酸钙5 g/L;确定摇瓶培养工艺为最佳接种量10%,最佳装液量为30 mL/250mL摇瓶,最佳初始pH值为7.5.在优化培养条件下进行发酵培养,多杀菌素最终质量浓度达117.83 mg/L,较优化前发酵培养条件下所得质量浓度(89.57 mg/L)提高了31.6%.毒性实验表明发酵液对斜纹夜蛾幼虫毒杀效果显著,100 mg/L多杀菌素的发酵液作用于斜纹夜蛾48 h的致死率为90%.     

60↑Coγ射线诱变选育聚谷氨酸高产菌株及培养基初步优化

对一株产γ-聚谷氨酸的地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis CICC10099)进行了诱变筛选及摇瓶发酵条件的初步优化,以期得到γ-聚谷氨酸高产菌株并进一步提高其产能.实验考察了不同诱变剂量下的菌体的致死率和正突变率,以确定最佳诱变条件.结果表明60Co γ射线最佳的诱变剂量为200 Gy时,致死率大于90 %,正突变率高达13.3 %.在上述剂量下,经60Co γ射线诱变后分离筛选得到一株高产突变株Bacillus licheniformis S16, 摇瓶实验表明γ-聚谷氨酸的含量达到16.9 g·L-1,较出发菌株CICC10099提高72.4 %.并且采用单因素法初步优化了摇瓶发酵培养基,优化后的培养基组成为柠檬酸12 g·L-1,甘油80 g·L-1,氯化铵6 g·L-1,L-谷氨酸15 g·L-1,K2HPO4 1 g·L-1,CaCl2·2H2O 0.1 g·L-1 ,FeCl3·6H2O 0.05 g·L-1,MgSO4·7H2O 0.75 g·L-1,MnSO·H2O 0.1 g·L-1,pH 7.5;利用优化的培养基在250 mL三角烧瓶装液量50 mL, 37℃,180 r·min-1的条件下培养80 h,发酵液中的γ-PGA含量最高,可达到18.9 g·L-1.     

一株稀有放线菌发酵产抗生素的工艺研究

对从土壤中分离并经初步鉴定属于小四单胞菌属的一株稀有放线菌摇瓶发酵产抗生素的工艺条件及其过程进行了初步研究.结果表明,该放线菌产抗生素的适宜培养基为:淀粉2.0%,蔗糖1.3%,花生饼粉3.5%,NaCl 0.10%,K2HPO4 0.01%,Na2SO4 0.01%,FeSO4·7H2O 0.001%,CaCO3 0.3%;产抗生素的适宜发酵条件为:温度28℃、初始pH值7.7、装液量20 mL/250 mL三角摇瓶、接种量6%.在上述条件下,该稀有放线菌经200 r·min-1振荡培养108 h,抗生素的产率达到最大.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.