MCM-41介孔材料的合成条件和特性对吸附镉离子的影响

以气相氧化硅为硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,CTAB)为模板剂,分别在碱性[氢氧化钠(NaOH),四乙基氢氧化铵,tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide,(C2Hs)4NOH(TEAOH)]和酸性介质条件[盐酸(HCl)]T水热合成了MCM-41有序介孔材料MCM-41-N,MCM-41-T和MCM-41-H.用X射线衍射、氮气吸附-脱附等手段对比分析了合成的3种MCM-41介孔材料的物相、比表面积、孔径、孔体积等,发现酸性介质中合成的介孔材料的孔径最大.在此基础上,利用MCM-41介孔材料对比研究了处理含镉离子(Cd2 )废水的效果和机理,确定了不同介孔材料用量、不同初始pH值条件下MCM-41介孔材料对水中Cd2 的吸附率和吸附量.结果表明:介孔材料用量相同时,溶液pH值的增大有利于提高3种MCM-41介孔材料对水中Cd2 的处理效果.在pH值从7.0到8.0的过程中,其吸附率有1个突变,MCM-41-T的Cd2 吸附率从35.65%提高到62.15%;MCM-41-N的从38.80%提高到69.40%;MCM-41-H的从50.22%提高到73.47%.孔径最大的MCM-41-H对Cd2 的吸附效果最佳,最大吸附率为89.56%,最大吸附容量为8.57 mg/g.吸附溶液pH值的大小和介孔材料的孔径尺寸是决定吸附量大小的关键因素,因此,重点应通过优化合成工艺提高介孔材料的孔径.     

pH及温度双重敏感性MCM-41/P(AA-co-NIPAAm)的制备和释药性能

通过微波辅助水热法制备了介孔分子筛 MCM-41,并将其与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)和丙烯酸(AA)原位聚合生成了一种新型的pH及温度双重敏感型复合材料MCM-41/P(AA-co-NIPAAm),用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、FT-IR、TGA对所得材料进行表征,结果表明合成了一种新型的复合材料。以氢氯噻嗪为模型药物进行载药性能测试并考察了此释药系统在不同pH及温度环境中的敏感释药行为。结果显示：MCM-41/P(AA-co-NIPAAm)复合材料的载药量达45.8%,并且通过改变环境体系的pH及温度可以有效控制药物的释放。复合材料在肠道靶向给药方面有一定的应用潜力。     

氧化硅有序介孔材料MCM-41的微波水热合成及用于组装ZnO纳米粒子

与传统水热合成工艺相比,采用微波水热合成新工艺可以快速合成比表面积大、孔体积和孔径大、孔径分布范围更窄、孔洞呈六方排布的有序介孔材料MCM-41.微波水热合成工艺合成的MCM-41具有合成效率高、成功率高等特点,为此类介孔材料商业化提供了高效的技术手段.采用传统水热工艺合成MCM-41通常需要48～72 h,而采用微波水热合成技术仅需要30 min.采用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD),氮气吸附等技术手段对合成MCM-41材料的物相、比表面积、孔体积、孔径等进行了表征.采用微波水热合成MCM-41的工艺参数为:微波处理的温度120 ℃,时间30 min,微波辐射功率500 W,经过滤、洗涤、干燥、焙烧等处理后,得到的MCM-41具有六方排布的孔系,晶格常数a0=4.4nm,比表面积可达1113 m2/g,平均孔径为2.7 nm,与选用同样配方采用传统水热合成工艺合成的MCM-41的性能相当,却极大提高了合成效率.采用微波水热合成工艺,同样可以合成立方晶系的MCM-48和六方晶系的SBA-15等介孔氧化硅分子筛材料.此外,在微波合成的MCM-41中采用液相工艺成功组装了ZnO纳米粒子,并对组装在MCM-41中的纳米ZnO粒子进行了光催化降解苯酚的实验研究.     

MCM-41介孔分子筛研究进展

介绍了介孔材料的定义,总结了MCM-41介孔分子筛的合成方法,针对其目前存在的孔径较小及酸性较小的缺点,综述了国内外对MCM-41介孔分子筛的孔径扩大分的最新研究进展。     

MCM-41/PAA的制备及释药性能

采用微波辅助法合成介孔分子筛(mesoporous molecular sieve)MCM-41,将其与丙烯酸(acrylic acid,AA)经原位聚合,制备具有pH敏感性的新型复合材料MCM-41/聚丙烯酸(polyacrylic acid,PAA)。通过X射线衍射、Fourier红外分析、热重分析、N2吸附/脱附等表征材料的结构和性能,证明合成了一种新型高分子复合材料。以抗压利尿药物氢氯噻嗪为模型药物,通过液体紫外法研究复合材料的载药性能及其在人工胃液(pH=1.2)和人工肠液(pH=6.8)条件下的释药性能。结果显示:MCM-41/PAA的载药量达51.75%,在人工胃液和人工肠液的体外模拟释药过程中显示出良好的pH控释的敏感性。这种材料可以用于肠道靶向控释领域。     

基质孔径对Eu-MCM-41复合材料荧光强度的影响

采用微波水热法合成不同孔径的介孔分子筛（mesoporous molecular sieve,MCM-41）,通过Pechini溶胶–凝胶法合成Eu-MCM-41,并将EuPO4：Zn晶体沉积在MCM-41表面,研究介孔材料孔径对荧光强度的影响。结果表明：EuPO4：Zn无荧光,Eu-MCM-41发出很强的蓝光（468...     

MCM-41介孔分子筛的合成、改性及应用研究进展

介绍了MCM-41介孔分子筛的优点,主要表现在具有较大的比表面积,孔体积与孔径和可调变等。综述了MCM-41介孔分子筛的合成方法与改性研究现状,阐述了MCM-41介孔分子筛的应用研究进展。     

负载零价铁的介孔硅纳米材料的合成及去除污染性能研究

设计、合成了负载纳米零价铁的介孔硅材料,即Fe0/MCM-41复合材料,并通过SEM、XRD对该材料进行了表征;对比了Fe~0、MCM-41、纳米硅球及Fe~0/MCM-41对重金属(铅、汞),无机盐离子(氯化物、溴化物、溴酸盐、氯酸盐)及有机物(四氯化碳)的去除效果,研究明确Fe~0/MCM-41在水中污染物处理中的优势与适用范围。结果表明,纳米零价铁成功负载于介孔硅材料表面,分散均匀,性能良好。该材料具有吸附与还原双重作用机理,在水中重金属、无机含氧盐及氯代有机物的去除上具有明显优势。     

介孔材料对乳液聚合稳定性的影响

研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)在不同介孔材料(MCM-41、MCM-48、SBA-15)存在下的临界胶束浓度(CMC),讨论了介孔材料对间歇乳液聚合的影响。研究表明:孔径最大的介孔材料SBA-15存在下SDS的CMC增加最多;在聚合体系中加入介孔材料对单体转化率没有影响,但增加了乳液聚合时的凝聚率,其中使用小孔径的MCM-41凝聚物较少,而颗粒较大的MCM-48凝聚物较多,同时所得乳液聚合物的分子量下降,分子量分布变宽。     

13X微孔沸石和MCM-41介孔材料的合成及用于处理含Cd2+废水

以天津蓟县钾长石矿粉为主要原料,经选矿、煅烧、水热处理等工艺成功合成了13X微孔沸石. 以气相氧化硅、氢氧化钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵等为主要原料,在水热条件下合成了MCM-41有序介孔材料. 采用XRD和N2吸附-脱附等手段对合成的13X沸石和MCM-41介孔材料的物相、比表面积、孔径、孔体积等进行了分析对比. 在此基础上,对13X沸石和MCM-41介孔材料处理含Cd2+废水的效果和机理进行了对比研究,确定了不同分子筛用量、不同初始pH值、不同混合时间下13X沸石和MCM-41介孔分子筛对水中Cd2+的吸附率和吸附量. 研究发现,尽管MCM-41的比表面积和孔径远大于13X沸石,但其对水中Cd2+的处理效果却低于13X沸石,这与13X沸石和MCM-41的孔道结构类型、化学组成、表面荷电性质等有关.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.