发酵乳球菌菌株的分离鉴定

对9株发酵乳球菌菌株进行MRS固体平板培养基划线分离和形态学比较观察，井采用生化试验和RAPD对其进行鉴定。划线分离得到11株菌：通过菌体常规磷钨酸负染色标本的透射电镜观察，描述了各菌体的大小、形状以及裂殖方式；依据各菌种生化代谢差异设计生化试验．得到了2个发酵型，将其鉴定为2个菌群（乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种和嗜热链球菌）；20个随机引物的RAPD筛选得到了9个不同的基因型．将其鉴定为9株细菌。     

水牛乳中乳酸菌的筛选

从自然发酵的水牛乳中分离、筛选乳酸菌株,用16SrRNA寡核苷酸序列分析方法对分离得到的菌株进行鉴定,结果得到5株乳酸菌株,分别为德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种3株、嗜热链球菌1株、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种1株,通过组合发酵试验,得到4组优良的混合发酵菌种。     

基于特征风味定向筛选酸奶用乳酸菌

针对国内酸奶发酵剂成本高,菌剂被国外垄断的问题。本实验基于特征风味物质乙醛和双乙酰,从市售酸奶产品和菌剂中定向筛选出高风味物质含量菌株,经复配和感官评定,得到适合生产菌株。实验共分离鉴定出58株乳酸菌,包括嗜酸乳杆菌(9株)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(2株)、德氏乳杆菌(4株)、嗜热链球菌(39株)、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种/乳酸乳球菌(4株)。产乙醛能力呈现出德氏乳杆菌嗜热链球菌乳酸乳球菌嗜酸乳杆菌鼠李糖乳杆菌,最高达到25.57μg/g。产双乙酰能力呈现出鼠李糖乳杆菌嗜酸乳杆菌嗜热链球菌乳酸乳球菌德氏乳杆菌,最高达到3.57μg/g。德氏乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌产酸能力较强。菌株复配后大多风味物质含量提高,在一定条件下,呈现出乙醛/双乙酰比例越高,乙醛含量越高,感官风味越好。     

人源性嗜酸乳杆菌的分离及分子鉴定

从健康婴儿的新鲜粪便中分离纯化的10株乳杆菌,用嗜酸乳杆菌l6S rDNA的特异性引物和建立的PCR方法对乳杆菌分离株进行分子水平上的鉴定。结果表明,有3株菌和嗜酸乳杆菌参考菌株扩增出大小一致的目的片段,证明此3株菌为嗜酸乳杆菌。测序结果显示,3株分离菌株与标准菌株的同源性达到95%以上,进一步说明了3株菌为嗜酸乳杆菌。     

水牛乳中可培养乳酸菌多样性分析

采用传统分离培养方法,从三品杂交生水牛奶混合样品中,分离出105株乳酸菌,通过形态、生理生化、API细菌鉴定系统及16S rDNA基因序列分析方法对各菌株属种进行鉴定。16S rRNA序列分析结果显示,105株菌共分为5个属8个种,呈现较为丰富的乳酸菌多样性,具体数量分布为乳酸乳球菌21株,植物乳杆菌19株,格氏乳球菌17株,乳明串珠菌13株,食窦魏斯氏菌11株,肠膜明串珠菌8株,类肠膜魏斯氏菌6株,嗜热链球菌5株,糊精乳杆菌5株。由此可知,水牛乳中可培养乳酸菌优势菌群的主次关系为：乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）＞植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantaru）＞格氏乳球菌（Lactococcus garvieae）＞乳明串珠菌（Leuconostoc lactis）＞食窦魏斯氏菌（Weissella cibaria）,此为后续开发水牛乳中优势乳酸菌资源提供了良好的理论基础。     

西藏灵菇中产胞外多糖嗜热链球菌的分离筛选及其发酵性能测定

从西藏灵菇中分离筛选、鉴定高产胞外多糖的乳酸菌菌株,并对其发酵性能和流变学参数进行测试。筛选的9株菌,菌种鉴定结果均为嗜热链球菌,其中菌株KC1、KC2、KC6、KC17产胞外多糖,菌株KC5、KC7、KC15、KC16、KC22不产胞外多糖。产胞外多糖菌株发酵乳发酵性能、黏度和黏附性指标均明显高于不产胞外多糖的嗜热链球菌,进一步证实了嗜热链球菌产生的胞外多糖可以赋予发酵乳良好的质地。     

藏灵菇中高产胞外多糖乳酸菌的筛选及其发酵性能的研究

本研究采用高通量筛选技术和苯酚-硫酸法获得高产胞外多糖的乳酸菌菌株，并对其发酵性能和酸奶品质进行测试。筛选的八株菌均具有高产胞外多糖和良好的发酵性能。其菌种鉴定结果是：菌株KTx、 KL1、J1为干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei），菌株Tx为嗜热链球菌（Streptococcus thermophilus），菌株KS4、J4、Pl、P5为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种（Lactococcus lactis subsp．1actis），其中嗜热链球菌Tx制备发酵剂的粘度最高，凝乳时间最短，感官综合评分最高，可利用此菌株进一步开发研制具有良好稳定性的功能性酸奶。     

定量PCR技术检测杀菌型产品中乳酸菌

目的利用定量PCR(quantitativePCR,qPCR)技术检测杀菌型产品中乳酸菌,并与标签标示相比较,查探产品中各类菌种的异同性及数量。方法以市售的发酵乳及含乳饮料作为研究对象,设计可区分产品中常见的6种乳酸菌特异性引物及探针,利用qPCR技术对方法的特异性、灵敏度进行验证,并建立标准扩增曲线;利用模拟样品对方法进行检验,最后对市场上购买的实际样品进行检测。结果除去干酪乳杆菌,其他5种引物都能特异性扩增出其目标菌,并且对其他的乳酸菌均无扩增现象;DNA检测的灵敏度可达到2～4pg;单一标准菌种扩增曲线线性较好,相关系数r2值在0.954～0.992之间;对模拟样品的检测,与平板法差异性比较,P值均大于0.05,无显著性差异。对市售样品进行检测,产品中标记的干酪乳杆菌、双歧杆菌和嗜热链球菌与检测结果存在不匹配现象。结论本研究建立的qPCR方法可快速、准确地对产品中德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种、嗜热链球菌、乳酸乳球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、双歧杆菌的鉴定和定量的分析。     

乳链球菌肽高产菌株的筛选

从未消毒的新鲜牛奶中,分离得到４３株产乳链球菌肽的乳酸乳球菌,其中９７０６菌株效价最高,达２６０７ＩＵ／ｍｌ,菌种鉴定结果表明,该菌株的形态特征,生理生化特征与乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种一致。     

益生菌抗氧化活性及菌体抗氧化相关成分的分析

目的比较乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、嗜热链球菌和乳酸乳球菌的抗氧化活性,分析抗氧化活性较高菌株内与抗氧化相关的成分。方法采用清除DPPH自由基、清除羟自由基以及抗脂质过氧化能力3种方法评价40株益生菌的抗氧化活性,选出抗氧化活性较高的菌株分析其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和总巯基化合物(TTG)的含量。结果所比较的40株益生菌的抗氧化能力差别较大,既具有种属特异性,又具有菌株特异性;7株嗜热链球菌和11株乳酸乳球菌中的SOD活性最高[(平均分别为124.02U/mg(蛋白质)和107.10U/mg(蛋白质)]、2株双歧杆菌中GSH的含量最高(平均为311.03μmol/L细胞破碎液),所分析的菌株中TTG含量均较高。研究结果表明,实验菌乳酸乳球菌清除自由基能力最强,其次是嗜热链球菌,所试验的乳杆菌和双歧杆菌最弱;SOD对益生菌的抗氧化起主要作用;GSH的存在因种属和菌株的不同而差别较大;TTG对益生菌的抗氧化起了积极作用。     

利用16S rDNA序列及tuf-RFLP鉴定蒙古国发酵乳中的乳酸菌

运用16S rDNA序列分析和tuf-RFLP技术对采于蒙古国扎布汗省的25份发酵乳样中分离出的110株乳酸菌进行鉴定。首先将分离的110株乳酸菌的16S rRNA基因进行扩增,测序并构建系统发育树,初步鉴定为41株嗜热链球菌,40株瑞士乳杆菌,11株德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种,2株发酵乳杆菌,1株乳明串珠菌,2株肠膜明串肠膜亚种,1株乳酸乳球乳酸亚种和12株属于干酪族的菌株。由于干酪乳杆菌族的16S rDNA序列差异很小,故采用tuf-RFLP技术对这12株进行了进一步的验证,通过分离菌株与模式菌株tuf-RFLP图谱的比较分析,结果表明这12株菌均为干酪乳杆菌。     

Inhibition of Clostridium tyrobutyricum by bacteriocin-like substances produced by lactic acid bacteria

Lactic acid bacteria were selected for their inhibitory activity against Clostridium tyrobutyricum under conditions that eliminate the effects of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Four strains were isolated belonging to the species Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis. The sensitivity of the inhibitory substances to pronase and trypsine indicates that they are proteins or peptides different from nisin. Their resistance to phospholipase D indicates that they are also different from lactostrepcin. The inhibitory substances are produced during the exponential phase of growth. Their activity is bactericidal and directed toward some strains of Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Streptococcus thermophilus, but strains used as dairy starters, Lactobacillus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Propionibacterium shermanii, are not all affected by the inhibition.     

基于三代测序技术分析新疆鲜马奶和酸马奶中乳酸菌菌群结构

传统酸马奶受制作环境和工艺的影响,其菌群结构有所不同.本文运用Pacbio SMRT测序技术,基于乳酸菌特异性引物对新疆部分地区酸马奶和鲜马奶的乳酸菌菌群进行研究,结果表明:鲜马奶中乳酸菌丰富,以瑞士乳杆菌(35.52％)、唾液链球菌(10.11％)、乳酸乳球菌(9.49％)、嗜热链球菌(5.96％)以及德氏乳杆菌(5...     

酸和盐胁迫对乳酸菌活性的影响

该研究以13株食品常见乳酸菌为研究对象,考察酸和盐胁迫对其活性的影响,探究这13株乳酸菌的最适酸、盐生长条件及耐酸、耐盐能力。结果表明,适当的低盐浓度（1%、2%）对部分乳酸菌的生长有促进作用,植物乳杆菌和副干酪乳杆菌的最适盐浓度为1%,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的最适盐浓度为2%;盐浓度进一步增大,13株乳酸菌的生长受到抑制;盐浓度为10%时,除戊糖片球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、嗜热链球菌和乳酸片球菌外,其余9株菌的生长抑制率都＞95%。当pH值为5～7时,13株乳酸菌都生长良好,pH=6时,7株乳酸菌活性均最高;随着酸胁迫的增强,13株乳酸菌生长受抑制程度增大;pH为1～3时,13株乳酸菌的生长抑制率都＞90%,高盐及高酸对9株杆菌的抑制作用强于4株球菌。     

Multiplex PCR for the detection and identification of dairy bacteriophages in milk

Bacteriophage infections of starter lactic acid bacteria are a serious risk in the dairy industry. Phage infection can lead to slow lactic acid production or even the total failure of fermentation. The associated economic losses can be substantial. Rapid and sensitive methods are therefore required to detect and identify phages at all stages of the manufacture of fermented dairy products. This study describes a simple and rapid multiplex PCR method that, in a single reaction, detects the presence of bacteriophages infecting Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii, plus three genetically distinct 'species' of Lactococcus lactis phages commonly found in dairy plants (P335, 936 and c2). Available bacteriophage genome sequences were examined and the conserved regions used to design five pairs of primers, one for each of the above bacteriophage species. These primers were designed to generate specific fragments of different size depending on the species. Since this method can detect the above phages in untreated milk and can be easily incorporated into dairy industry routines, it might be readily used to earmark contaminated milk for use in processes that do not involve susceptible starter organisms or for use in those that involve phage-deactivating conditions.     

阿尤恩地区自然发酵牛乳中乳酸菌分离鉴定及多样性研究

为了分离、保藏自然发酵乳中乳酸菌菌种,丰富自然发酵乳中乳酸菌多样性信息.本文采用传统的纯培养分离方法和宏基因组16S rRNA基因测序技术对阿尤恩地区自然发酵牛乳的乳酸菌多样性进行研究.纯培养结果表明:5份自然发酵牛乳中共分离出111株乳酸菌,鉴定为5个属10个种,其中Lactococcus lactis,占总分离株的...     

Changes in galactose and lactic acid content of sweet whey during storage

Whey is often stored or transported for a period of time prior to processing. During this time period, galactose and lactic acid concentrations may accumulate, reducing the quality of spray-dried whey powders in regard to stickiness and agglomeration. This study surveyed industry samples of Cheddar and mozzarella cheese whey streams to determine how galactose and lactic acid concentrations changed with storage at appropriate (4 degrees C) and abuse (37.8 degrees C) temperatures. Samples stored at 4 degrees C did not exhibit significant increases in levels of lactic acid or galactose. Mozzarella whey accumulated the greatest amount of galactose and lactic acid with storage at 37.8 degrees C. Whey samples derived from cheese made from single strains of starter culture were also evaluated to determine each culture's contribution to galactose and lactic acid production. Starter cultures evaluated included Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus. Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris, and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis. Whey derived from L. helveticus accumulated a significantly greater amount of lactic acid upon storage at 37.8 degrees C as compared with the other cultures. Galactose accumulation was significantly decreased in whey from L. lactis ssp. lactis stored at 37.8 degrees C in comparison with the other cultures. Results from this study indicate that proper storage conditions (4 degrees C) for whey prevent accumulation of galactose and lactic acid while the extent of accumulation during storage at 37.8 degrees C varies depending on the culture(s) used in cheese production.