SiO_2@Ag@Au复合颗粒的制备与表征

SiO2-金属核壳结构的粒子作为一种复合材料具有广泛的应用前景,其所含金属为贵金属时,其复合颗粒更加受到各界青睐。通过化学镀法在纳米级SiO2表面镀上了均匀厚度的Ag、Au双金属层,成功制备出了SiO2@Ag@Au核壳结构的复合颗粒。并着重研究了活化工艺、还原剂滴加速度、镀液浓度对SiO2表层化学镀的影响,同时对复合颗粒进行了SEM、XRD、EDS表征。     

Effective in situ material properties of micron-sized SiO2 particles in SiO2 particulate polymer composites

Several analytical models exist for determination of the Young’s modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of particulate composites. However, it is necessary to provide accurate material properties of the particles as input data to such analytical models in order to precisely predict the composite’s properties, particularly at high particle loading fractions. In fact, the constituent’s size scale often presents a technical challenge to accurately measure the particles’ properties such as Young’s modulus or CTE. Moreover, the in situ material properties of particles may not be the same as the corresponding bulk properties when the particles are embedded in a polymer matrix. To have a better understanding of the material properties and provide useful insight and design guidelines for particulate composites, the concept of “effective in situ constituent properties” and an indirect method were employed in this study. This approach allows for the indirect determination of the particle’s in situ material properties by combining the experimentally determined composite and matrix properties and finite element (FE) models for predicting the corresponding composite properties, then backing out the effective in situ particle properties. The proposed approach was demonstrated with micron-size SiO₂ particle reinforced epoxy composites over a range of particle loading fractions up to 35 vol.% by indirectly determining both the effective Young’s modulus and the effective CTE of the particles. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first published report on the indirect determination of both the Young’s modulus and the CTE of micron size particles in particulate composites. Similar results on Young’s modulus of micron-size SiO₂ particles measured from nano-indentation testing are encouraging.     

Preparation of monodisperse ZnO/SiO2 composite particles using spray drying with an anionic surfactant template and their photoluminescence characteristics

The photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of ZnO/SiO₂ composite particles were investigated. ZnO/SiO₂ composite particles were synthesized utilizing the consecutive sol–gel spray drying method by incorporating sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a particle morphology control agent. The effect of SLS concentration and ZnO ratio on precursors was studied further on the composite particle morphology and PL performance. Elevating the SLS concentration exhibited a reduction in the particle diameter and an increase in particle uniformity. The particle diameter without SLS was 6.18 µm and reduced to 2.6 µm with the addition of SLS at 3 critical micelle concentrations (CMC). The decrease in ZnO concentration also reduced the particle diameter of the ZnO/SiO₂ composite to 1.74 µm at a ZnO concentration of 25% mol. In addition, the increase in the excitation wavelength from 230 nm to 320 nm indicates a shift in the peak emission intensity at higher wavelengths from 467 nm to 645 nm. The excitation wavelength-dependent photoluminescence phenomenon was exhibited by incorporating silica into the ZnO precursor pre- and post-drying to deliver composite particles. The addition of silica to the composite particles can augment the PL emission intensity without causing a shift in the PL emission peaks when excited at the same wavelength. The 25% mol ZnO composite particles with the addition of SLS 3 CMC had the highest PL emission intensity. The amount of silica nanoparticles sufficient to trap the ZnO nanoparticles in the droplet is an important factor besides the size and uniformity of the particles, which causes the high intensity of PL emission.     

Novel porous perovskite composite CeO2@LaMnO3/3DOM SiO2 as an effective catalyst for activation of PMS toward oxidation of urotropine

Perovskites with stable crystal structure and excellent catalytic performance have attracted extensive attention in peroxomonosulfate (PMS) activation, however, severe agglomeration has always been the main obstacle limiting the catalytic activity of them, so novel perovskite catalysts are urgently needed. In this study, three-dimensional ordered macroporous silica (3DOM SiO₂) was prepared by colloidal crystal template method, then CeO₂@LaMnO₃/3DOM SiO₂ was prepared by sol-gel method combined with impregnation method and used to activate PMS for urotropine (URO) degradation. CeO₂@LaMnO₃/3DOM SiO₂ activated PMS system exhibited high URO removal efficiency and quick kinetic, as 99.98 % URO was degraded even within 30 min. The catalyst has a wide pH range and still has high catalytic activity in the presence of organic matter and inorganic ions. The three components in CeO₂@LaMnO₃/3DOM SiO₂ showed a synergetic effect. CeO₂ and LaMnO₃ were uniformly loaded on 3DOM SiO₂, which effectively avoided agglomeration. The specific surface area of CeO₂@LaMnO₃/3DOM SiO₂ was 11.88 times that of LaMnO₃ prepared by sol-gel method. There are two redox cycles of Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ and Mn²⁺/Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ in CeO₂ and LaMnO₃, respectively, which synergistically realize the activation of PMS. Both quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis revealed that that SO₄^?, OH and ¹O₂ jointly achieved the degradation of URO. In summary, CeO₂@LaMnO₃/3DOM SiO₂ would be a promising candidate for practical wastewater treatment.     

不同包裹型态SiO2-PS复合微粒子的制备研究

在种子生长法制备不同粒径的单分散二氧化硅颗粒的基础上,采用KH-570(3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷)在乙醇溶液中作为氧化硅颗粒的表面处理剂进行表面接枝改性.再将改性SiO2与苯乙烯单体进行分散聚合反应,在聚合时间不改变的前提下通过改变参与反应的SiO2颗粒粒径、浓度以及SiO2的加入时间可以得到SiO2与PS复合的3种不同构型.     

超级电容器用CeO_2-MnO/3D石墨烯复合材料的制备

以西瓜瓜瓤为碳源,采用两步碳化法制备三维石墨烯(3D-Fiberbased Graphene,3D G)材料,并使用水热法制备了CeO_2-MnO/3DG复合材料,以期获得比电容高,循环寿命好的石墨烯超级电容器电极材料。结果表明:3DG材料具有较高比表面积,最高可达到332m~2·g~(-1)。CeO_2-MnO/3DG复合材料具有三维导电网络结构,金属氧化物颗粒在石墨烯片层间生长均匀,粒径在10nm左右。电化学测试结果显示:在0.5 mol·L~(-1)的Na_2SO_4溶液中,电流密度1A·g~(-1),当摩尔比MnO∶CeO_2=4∶1,复合负载量在80%时得到的CeO_2-MnO/3D G复合材料拥有最高比电容,达308.5F·g~(-1),经过1 000次循环充放电测试比电容保持率为95.5%。CeO_2-MnO/3DG复合材料电化学性能的提高主要是因为两种金属氧化物复合负载与石墨烯的协同作用。     

Synthesis and characterization of Fe doped CeO2 nanoparticles for pigmented ultraviolet filter applications

Iron doped CeO2 nanoparticles with doping concentrations between 0 and 30 mol% were synthesized by the co-precipitation method for potential application as a pigmented ultraviolet filtration material. Each sample was calcined in air and in argon. The iron solubility limit in the CeO2 lattice was found to be between 10 and 20 mol%. Raman spectroscopy results revealed that both iron doping and argon calcination increase the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the CeO2 lattice. Iron doping causes a blue-shift of the absorbance spectrum, which can be linked to the decreased crystallite size, as obtained by XRD peak broadening using the Scherrer formula. The undoped samples showed weak ferromagnetic behaviour whereas the doped samples were all paramagnetic.     

The effect of SiO2 addition on porous silica composite strength

A porous silica composite was prepared by the resin-impregnated method with natural clay and silica as the starting materials. Its compressive strength is up to 1.59 MPa when the mass-blending ratio of silica and clay is 3/7. The effect of silica addition on product strength was significantly investigated.     

Synthesis of Cu/SiO2 composite films via gamma-irradiation route and their optical absorption properties

The Cu particles or clusters dispersed mesoporous SiO₂ composite films were prepared by a new method: first the matrix SiO₂ films were prepared by sol–gel process combined with the dip-coating technique, and then they were soaked in Cu(NO₃)₂ solutions followed by γ-ray irradiation at room temperature and in ambient pressure. Thus, the prepared Cu/SiO₂ composite films were examined by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and optical absorption spectroscopy. It has been shown that the Cu particles grown within the porous SiO₂ films are very small, and they are isolated and dispersed from each other with very narrow size distributions. With the Cu particles size changing, an interesting peak shift was observed in the optical absorption measurement. Possible mechanisms of this behavior are discussed in this paper.     

Enhanced optical properties of heterostructured ZnO/CeO2 nanocomposite fabricated by one-pot hydrothermal method: Fluorescence and ultraviolet absorption and visible light transparency

Many researchers investigated the properties of either discrete metal oxide CeO₂ or ZnO materials. However, less attention has been paid to the various nanostructure and performances of CeO₂ and ZnO nanocomposite up to now. In this paper, a facile and low cost one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method has been adopted to obtained directly precursors of CeCO₃OH and Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆ with different Ce atom molar ratios to Zn, which are transformed into their corresponding metal oxide to form the ZnO/CeO₂ heterostructure nanocomposites (HSNCs) by pyrolysis. The heterostructure is composed of ZnO and CeO₂ monocrystals, simultaneously, CeO₂ monocrystals are well dispersed on the surface of ZnO monocrystal for cosmetics. Bing dependent on the analysis results of XRD and TEM for the obtained precursors before and after pyrolysis, the formation mechanism of HSNCs was proposed. To the best of our knowledge, the paper first reported heterostructured ZnO/CeO₂ nanocomposite grown in one-pot mixed aqueous solution of cerium nitrate, zinc acetate and urea without other extra surfactant. Additionally, the influence of various Ce/Zn molar ratios on the heterostructure, fluorescence emission and UV–visible absorption properties of HSNCs was investigated in detail. ZnO/CeO₂ HSNCs display higher fluorescence emission with the increasing Ce/Zn molar ratio. Meanwhile, the larger Ce/Zn molar ratio of ZnO/CeO₂ HSNCs, the stronger transparency in the visible light region and the weaker UV absorption. The results are due to the fact that the band gap of ZnO/CeO₂ HSNCs will decrease from 3.25 to 3.08 eV when Ce/Zn atom molar ratio is increased from 0 to 0.08. By the comprehensive analysis on the optical performances of HSNCs with the different Ce/Zn atom molar ratios, ZnO/CeO₂-0.04 HSNCs could become UV absorber materials and transparent material in the visible region. ZnO/CeO₂-0.04 HSNCs with the UV-filtering and Vis-transparent properties is appropriate for personal-care cosmetics.     

Preparation and visible-light photocatalytic activity of Au-supported porous CeO2 spherical particles using templating

Porous spherical CeO₂ particles were prepared by impregnation of a cerium precursor solution into organic monolith sphere particles, with subsequent firing at 500 °C in air. The single-phase CeO₂ powder had specific surface area of greater than 140 m²/g. Photodeposition with UV illumination loaded Au onto the CeO₂ particle surface, which changed from yellowish to purple because of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The Au-loading increased photocatalytic decomposition activity of the CeO₂ powder for gaseous 2-propanol (IPA) under visible light. Thermal desorption of IPA, which was adsorbed to all porous spheres, provided flux to the photocatalytic reaction field of the sphere outer surface.     

Synthesis of porous Mg-doped CeO2 powders via self-propagating high-temperature synthesis route

The aim of this study was synthesis of Mg-doped porous cerium oxide powder by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis reaction of Mg-xCeO₂-O₂ system. Results indicated that doping Mg in the CeO₂ crystal structure increased its lattice parameter slightly, and shifted the Ce-O band in the FTIR spectra from 490 to 574 cm⁻¹. Moreover, the EDS results revealed the distribution of Mg in the CeO₂ microstructure. There were a high volume fraction of interconnected macro-pores in the microstructure of cerium oxide after the synthesis process. Increase in the x-value from 0.05 to 0.25 mol decreased the mean size and volume fraction of pores from 2.4 to 1 µm and 50 to 30 vol%, respectively. In addition, the BET surface area of porous CeO₂ varied between 0.3 and 1.57 m²/g. Finally, it was inferred that the SHS technique can be introduced as a rapid and novel method for synthesis of Mg-doped porous CeO₂ powders.     

Pechini溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2/TiO2复合微粒

采用超声St(o)ber法制备了单分散性的纳米载体SiO2,再采用Pechini溶胶-凝胶制备法制备出SiO2/TiO2复合微球.通过X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对粉体的晶型和显微形貌进行测试分析.结果表明:纳米载体SiO2球形颗粒为无定形态,Ti02粉体为形貌多样的块状颗粒,大颗粒粒径大于10μm...     

Fe／SiO2复合微颗粒的微结构及电磁特性研究

采用机械球磨法制备了Fe／SiO2复合微米量级颗粒粉体。用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜研究样品结构形貌；测量了不同成分配比下的磁滞回线；测试了在2～18GHz频段下的电磁性能参数。结果表明，微米量级铁颗粒的饱和磁化强度比纳米量级的铁颗粒显著增大．在2～18GHz频段内，复合微米颗粒的相对介电常数的实部稳定，虚部很小；磁导率虚部在0．7～1．2之间。该微米复合颗粒作为微波吸收材料，具有良好的应用潜力。     

Enhanced microwave absorption performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon dodecahedrons composite embedded with ceric dioxide

CeO₂/Co/C dodecahedrons composites with excellent microwave absorption performance were synthesized by using a hydrothermal method. ZIF-67/CeO₂ was first prepared by introducing CeO₂ into the precursor of ZIF-67 and then CeO₂/Co/C composite was obtained after heat treatment. Impedance matching of the samples could be well adjusted by controlling the content of CeO₂. Unique dodecahedral structure for more interfacial reflection and cerium dioxide oxygen vacancies enhance microwave absorption performance. Specifically, the CeO₂/Co/C exhibited a minimum reflection loss of ?68.83 dB is observed at 5.92 GHz, while the thickness was 3.69 mm. The introduction of CeO₂ effectively enhanced the impedance matching of the materials and improved the microwave absorption performance. Therefore, this CeO₂/Co/C composite is a promising microwave absorber material with high performance.     

Reverse saturable absorption of fullerodendrimers in porous SiO2 sol–gel matrices

The non-linear absorption properties and the dynamics of porous sol–gel SiO₂ glasses, doped with fullerodendrimers, i.e., fullerene derivatives functionalized with dendritic branches have been investigated using a double-pump–probe technique. A frequency doubled mode locked Nd:YAG laser (25 ps (FHWM), 532 nm) was applied as irradiation source. A reverse saturable absorption (induced absorption) in the samples containing the fullerodendrimers has been observed. A similar induced absorption was also obtained in the pure C₆₀ samples. In addition, the dendritic branches, which prevent aggregation of the molecules, lead also to an increase of the triplet quantum yield due to a faster singlet–triplet relaxation.     

CeO2 induced dispersive distribution of TiB2 particles in in situ TiB2/Al composite

Abstract

The roles of CeO₂ additive during preparation of in situ TiB₂/Al composite, alleviating particle settlement in composite melt and significantly improving particle dispersion in final microstructure, are studied in this paper. It is evidenced that the CeO₂ additive reacts with Al melts to release Ce solute into the melts, and the released surface active Ce is absorbed in the Al/TiB₂ interfaces without any other reaction products. First principles calculations show that the interfacial energy of Al/TiB₂ interfaces is reduced owing to the presence of Ce in Al/TiB₂ interfacial area. Therefore, the wettability of molten Al on TiB₂ surface is increased and the dispersion of TiB₂ particles in Al matrix is eventually improved.     

Controlled synthesis of porous particles via aerosol processing and their applications

Aerosol processes such as spray drying and/or spray pyrolysis for the controlled synthesis of porous particles were introduced in this review. Typical experimental setup, general experimental procedure for the preparation of porous particles, as well as key factors affecting the properties of final porous particles, was described. We then discussed the various routes for the controlled synthesis of porous particles: (1) the preparation of self-assembled porous particles with ordered pores by using organic template particles; (2) the preparation of pore size- and porosity-controlled particles from aggregated nanoparticles; (3) the preparation of nanoparticle-laden encapsulated porous particles from graphene nano-sheets and nanoparticles. Finally, we introduced interesting applications of the porous particles such as photocatalysts, drug delivery carriers, and biosensors.     

PTFE-SWNT composite for microwave absorption application

The Polytetrafluoroethylene-single walled carbon nanotube (PTFE-SWNT) composites are prepared and its dielectric properties are investigated as a function of SWNT loading both at 1 MHz and microwave frequencies. The relative permittivity and the conductivity increases with carbon nanotube loading. The addition of 0.02-volume fraction of SWNT increases the relative permittivity of the polymer from 2.1 to 7.5 × 10⁶ and the conductivity from 4.887 × 10^− 9 to 8.52 × 10^− 3 S/cm at 1 MHz. As the volume fraction of SWNT increases from 0.01 to 0.05 the relative permittivity of the PTFE-SWNT composite increases from 4 to 6.6 at X-band (8-12 GHz) and the power attenuation coefficient varies from 9.5 to 17 dB/mm.     

Synthesis of TiO2-doped SiO2 composite films and its applications

The TiO₂-doped SiO₂ composite films were prepared by two-step sol-gel method and then it was applied in the degradation of methylene red (MR) as photocatalysts. In XRD, FT-IR, and TEM investigations of these TiO₂-doped SiO₂ composite films, the titanium oxide species are highly dispersed in the SiO₂ matrixes and exist in a tetrahedral form. And special attention has been focused on the relationship between the local structure of the titanium oxide species in the TiO₂-doped SiO₂ composite films and the photocatalytic reactivity in order to provide vital information for the design and application of such highly efficient photocatalytic systems in the degradation of toxic compounds diluted in a liquid phase.