改进的Burg最大熵法在管道检测中的应用

短时间序列、高分辨率、强抗噪能力的功率谱估计是管道超声内检测的关键技术.针对Burg最大熵法存在的问题,从减小递推算法初始阶段误差出发,提出二阶预测误差滤波器系数倒推法,由二阶滤波器系数修正一阶反射系数,保证递推初始阶段最大熵原则,以适应短时间序列谱估计,算法在管道内检测实验中得到了较好的结果.     

基于改进最大熵谱估计的长输管道内检测器

对长输管道内检测器的机械结构、超声检测、检测定位、检测数据及信号处理等进行了分析,短时间序列、高分辨率、强抗噪能力的功率谱估计是管道超声内检测的关键技术,针对Burg最大熵谱估计存在的问题,从减小递推算法初始阶段误差出发,提出二阶预测误差滤波器系数倒推法,由二阶滤波器系数修正一阶反射系数,保证递推初始阶段最大熵原则,以适应短时间序列谱估计,研制了长输管道内检测器样机,经试验管道检测证明,腐蚀缺陷检测精度较高,内外定位较准确,应用前景很好.     

多通道超声系统在管道内检测中的应用

多通道超声自动检测是管道腐蚀内检测的关键技术。根据管道内检测的要求,研制了具有20个探头的数字式多通道超声管道内检测系统。检测系统采用主从结构,检测板卡通过PCI总线与嵌入式计算机通信,并利用高速切换开关扩展通道数。超声回波信号处理采用Burg最大熵谱估计法,得到管道壁厚数据。经标准实验管段检测证明,检测系统能够检测管道内外腐蚀缺陷,数据采集、处理、存储及图像显示满足管道内检测要求,应用前景较好。     

分裂基算法在管道腐蚀超声内检测中的应用

管道腐蚀内检测中超声回波信号具有周期性特点,功率谱估计是重要的数据处理方法之一。基于分裂基的FFT算法具有较小的乘法次数和加法次数,且算法结构较好。采用频率抽取分裂基2／4 FFT算法对管道腐蚀超声内检测回波信号进行了处理．得到管道壁厚数据,经分裂基FFT算法和基2 FFT算法比较,分裂基FFT算法明显减少了数据处理时间,提高了检测速度。理论分析和实验结果表明,该分裂基算法精度高,数据处理速度快,满足管道腐蚀内检测的实时性要求。     

最大熵法的反射系数和预测误差功率

反射系数是最大熵谱估计Burg算法中的一个重要量,它决定了预测误差功率和滤波器的结构,即数据样本的谱估计模型。本文提出一种预测误差功率极小化的反射系数,且证明这种反射系数具有稳定性和极大性。     

基于小波分解的鼾音信号功率谱估计方法研究

为对鼾音信号进行有效地功率谱估计,同时精确研究鼾音和阻塞位置的关系,提出了基于小波分解的鼾音功率谱估计方法.首先将鼾音信号进行小波分解,然后对提取的三个子带信号分别采用Welch法、多窗谱法、基于AR模型的自相关法和Burg法进行功率谱估计,最后分析了不同阻塞位置的鼾音功率谱估计特点.仿真结果表明,基于小波分解Welc...     

多普勒信号的Burg算法优化研究

随着高速列车的发展,测速精度高的多普勒测速方式被广泛应用。其将多普勒信号看作广义平稳随机信号,利用功率谱估计方法进行信号处理。针对现代谱估计中Burg算法基本原理分析其误差来源。分析了两种优化算法,一种是基于窗函数的优化算法,另一种针对改进的协方差法实现了基于预测误差功率最小意义的优化算法。通过仿真对比原算法与两种优化算法的频谱估计性能,分析算法复杂度,选择模型最优参数,并验证了在列车测速范围内不同频段的适用性。结果表明,优化算法在不增加运行时间的基础上可降低频谱偏移程度、改善频谱分辨率,可识别出列车测速范围内各个频段频率,并且谱估计频率误差小于1%。     

基于AR模型的多普勒散射计回波功率谱估计

当采样点数少或流速较小时,采用周期图法估计的多普勒散射计(Doppler scatterometer, DopSCAT)回波功率谱分辨率低,多普勒频移提取精度低。对此,提出了一种基于自回归(autoregressive, AR)模型的DopSCAT回波功率谱估计方法。该方法为DopSCAT回波信号建立含有未知参数的AR模型,采用赤池信息量准则自适应确定模型的最优阶数;对定阶后的AR模型采用Burg算法计算模型参数,利用得到的AR模型估计回波功率谱;对功率谱进行峰值检测提取多普勒频移计算径向流,采用两个观测方位向的径向流合成得到海面流场。利用OSCAR海流数据进行了回波功率谱估计与海流反演实验。分析结果表明,与周期图法相比,该方法能够显著提高回波功率谱分辨率和多普勒频移的提取精度,进而提高了海流的反演精度。     

自相关法和Burg法在AR模型功率谱估计中的仿真研究

介绍功率谱估计和常用的基于AR模型的自相关法和Burg算法,通过仿真比较这两种算法使用和优缺点.     

最大熵谱估计在昆虫鸣声特征提取中的应用

鸣虫类的鸣声特征广泛应用于昆虫的种类鉴别、地理分布和区系研究中.采用最大熵谱估计法处理昆虫鸣声信号获取昆虫鸣声特征参数,并采用Burg算法实现信号处理.论文以蟋蟀鸣声样本验证该算法,试验证明,对于昆虫鸣声,经典谱估计法的处理结果几乎没有意义,而用Burg法实现的最大熵谱估计法具有高分辨率、谱线平滑、适合短序列信号等特点,能够有效提取鸣声信号的特征参数.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。