信阳红红茶的酚类成分及抗氧化能力分析

为探究信阳红红茶的酚类成分及其抗氧化能力,该文采用高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）等方法对9个信阳红红茶中8种儿茶素、6种黄酮类、2种酚酸和水解单宁等酚类成分以及3种嘌呤碱进行定量检测;并采用5种不同方法分别检测分析红茶茶样的体外抗氧化能力。结果表明,在全部或部分信阳红红茶中共检出除没食子儿茶素外的所有酚类成分和3种嘌呤碱。单因素方差分析显示,9个信阳红红茶中部分茶样之间茶多酚、3种茶色素（茶黄素、茶红素和茶褐素）、7种儿茶素、没食子酸、3种黄酮类（花旗松素、槲皮素和山奈酚）、可可碱和水解单宁含量存在极显著性（P＜0.001）差异,以及铁离子还原抗氧化能力（ferric ion reducing antioxidant power,FRAP）、DPPH自由基清除能力和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力（superoxide anion radical scavenging ability,SSA）的体外抗氧化能力存在显著性差异（P＜0.01）。信阳红红茶中表儿茶素没食子酸酯含量最高,其次依次为表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素和表没食子儿茶素等儿茶素。芦丁、花旗松素和木犀草素为主要黄酮类化合物,其含量分别为1.39 mg/g～1.79 mg/g、0.59 mg/g～0.74 mg/g和0.53 mg/g～0.75 mg/g。双变量相关性分析显示儿茶素、没食子酸等酚类成分以及茶黄素与FRAP、DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS+自由基清除能力存在显著（P＜0.05）或高显著（P＜0.01）正相关性,在一定程度上能提高红茶的体外抗氧化能力。     

22种不同来源信阳毛尖茶的分类比较

为了探究采制时节、产地、等级等因素对信阳毛尖茶品质成分的影响,本文采用高效液相色谱等方法对22个不同来源的信阳毛尖茶中儿茶素、黄酮类、酚酸类、嘌呤碱等品质成分进行测定。主成分分析、聚类分析和偏最小乘法-判别分析显示采制时节是影响信阳毛尖品质成分的主要因素,不同来源信阳毛尖基本可按照采制时节分为明前、雨前和春尾。单因素方差分析显示不同采制时节信阳毛尖茶在8种儿茶素、5种黄酮类、2种嘌呤碱以及没食子酸、游离氨基酸等品质成分上存在极显著差异(P<0.01):明前茶中的游离氨基酸总量和(+)-儿茶素(C)含量最高、而(+)-没食子儿茶素(GC)、(-)-表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、(-)-表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)、(-)-表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、没食子酸、芦丁、杨梅素、槲皮素、可可碱含量最低,与雨前茶和春尾茶存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著差异(P<0.01)。不同产地和等级之间C、ECG、(-)-表没食子儿茶素(EGC)等儿茶素;芦丁、花旗松素、杨梅素等黄酮类;以及可可碱、茶碱等嘌呤碱含量存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著差异(P<0.01)。相对而言,四望山毛尖茶中非酯型儿茶素含量较高,而黄酮总量较低;芽头中游离氨基酸和C含量最高,而EGC和杨梅素含量最低,这对信阳毛尖采制时节的识别有一定影响。本文首次基于茶叶中品质成分对不同来源的信阳毛尖进行了分类比较,为明前茶的识别提供了科学依据。     

渥堆发酵过程中藏茶化学成分的变化

目的：阐明藏茶渥堆过程主要化学成分的变化规律。方法：以不同发酵阶段藏茶样为原料,研究发酵过程中藏茶水提物中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、总多酚、总黄酮含量及水提物体外抗氧化活性的变化,并应用超高效液相色谱仪检测水提物中茶碱、咖啡碱、没食子酸和8种儿茶素类单体的含量,应用酶联免疫法测定水提物中茶黄素、茶红素和茶褐素的含量。结果：藏茶发酵过程中可溶性固形物含量先降低后略有回升,可溶性糖、总多酚、总黄酮含量逐渐降低,抗氧化活性逐渐减弱,咖啡碱呈波动状态且变化较小,没食子酸与儿茶素含量先上升再略有下降,没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯与表儿茶素含量先升高后降低,没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯含量均呈持续下降的状态,其中表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯在黑毛茶中含量为39.69 mg/g,在成品茶中降至1.36 mg/g;茶红素含量先增加后降低,茶黄素含量变化很小,茶褐素含量逐渐升高（黑毛茶中3.12 g/100 g,成品茶中7.46 g/100 g）。结论：藏茶渥堆发酵过程中,可溶性糖、总多酚、总黄酮等含量降低,抗氧化活性减弱,茶碱、咖啡碱、儿茶素类单体等活性成分含量的变化趋势不一致,茶褐色含量逐渐升高。     

茶叶中多种功能成分含量测定与分析研究

目的 建立高效液相色谱法同时测定茶叶中20种功能成分(儿茶素、表儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、芦丁、槲皮素、山奈酚、金丝桃苷、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、没食子酸、对羟基苯丙酸、咖啡碱、茶黄素、茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯、茶黄素-3’-没食子酸酯、茶黄素-3,3’-双没食子酸)含量, 并比较分析不同种类茶叶中功能成分差异情况。方法 茶叶样品经80%甲醇水溶液超声辅助提取后离心, 采用Waters C18 柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5.0 μm), 以乙腈-0.5%乙酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 流速0.7 mL/min, 紫外检测器于270 nm和360 nm双波长进行目标化合物的检测。并分析不同加工工艺茶叶中20种功能成分的差异。结果 20种分析化合物在0.05~200 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999), 加标回收率为82.29%~117.37%, 相对标准偏差均小于7.99%, 20种化合物的检出限为0.007~0.15 mg/L, 定量限为0.02~0.45 mg/L。茶叶实际样品分析结果表明不同加工工艺的茶叶中20种成分含量和总含量差异较大。结论 该方法分析快速简便、稳定和重复性好, 可用于茶叶中20种化合物同时测定和定量分析。本研究可为茶叶功能成分的开发利用和品质评价提供参考 依据。     

3个不同产地白茶品质成分与体外抗氧化能力比较

采用高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）等方法对3个不同来源18份白茶茶样中8种儿茶素、6种黄酮类、2种酚酸、1种水解单宁、3种嘌呤碱等成分进行测定,并检测白茶的铁离子还原抗氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS+自由基清除能力、羟基自由基清除能力和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力。主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）将白茶分为信阳白茶、福鼎白茶和云南白茶3组,表明产地对白茶品质成分有重要影响。热图分析和单因素方差分析揭示了不同产地白茶中儿茶素、黄酮类、没食子酸和嘌呤碱等品质成分存在差异。由于茶树鲜叶原料差异,云南白茶中（+）-儿茶素、（-）-表儿茶素、（-）-表没食子酸儿茶素、（-）-表儿茶素没食子酸酯、（-）-没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、芦丁、咖啡碱和可可碱含量均极显著（p<0.01）高于福鼎白茶或信阳白茶,含量分别为4.82、16.46、36.30、29.69、4.95、3.18、42.97、1.79 mg/g。福鼎白茶中游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、（+）-没食子儿茶素、（-）-儿...     

不同采制季节信阳白茶品质成分的比较分析

该研究采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）等方法对春季、夏季和秋季茶树鲜叶加工而成的18款信阳白茶茶样中的8种儿茶素、6种黄酮类、2种酚酸、3种嘌呤碱等品质成分进行测定,对不同采制季节的信阳白茶进行品质成分进行对比分析。主成分分析（PCA）和聚类分析（HCA）技术均能将信阳白茶茶样按照采制季节不同进行归类,分为春季、夏季和秋季白茶。通过独立样本t-检验和单因素方差分析,探究了不同采制季节信阳白茶中儿茶素、黄酮类、嘌呤碱等品质成分差异。结果显示：不同采制季节信阳白茶中的品质成分均存在显著性（p<0.01）或极显著性（p<0.001）差异;春季白茶中(-)-表没食子酸儿茶素（EGC）、(-)-表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）和鞣花酸含量极显著性（p<0.001）高于夏季或秋季白茶,含量分别为33.26、59.30、2.81 mg/g左右;夏季白茶中(-)-儿茶素没食子酸酯（CG）、(-)-没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（GCG）、花旗松素、芦丁、杨梅素、山奈酚、槲皮素、木犀草素含量极显著性（p<0.001）高于秋季白茶,含量分别高达0.72、4.40、0.84、2.40、0.97、0.21、0.25、0.11 mg/g;秋季白茶中(+)-儿茶素（C）、(-)-表儿茶素（EC）、(-)-表儿茶素没食子酸酯（ECG）、没食子酸、咖啡碱和可可碱极显著性（p<0.001）高于夏季或春季白茶,含量分别为4.98、14.35、27.02、10.10、36.85、1.53 mg/g。该研究揭示了信阳白茶的品质特征和不同采制季节信阳白茶品质成分差异,为白茶等茶叶采制季节的识别提供了科学依据。     

安吉白茶品质综合评价研究

目的 探明安吉白茶品质状况并构建安吉白茶品质评价体系。方法 以16份不同茶样为实验材料,测定分析安吉白茶水分、游离氨基酸、没食子酸、生物碱和儿茶素类等16项指标,通过相关性分析和主成分分析等方法评价不同茶样质量。结果 安吉白茶水分含量3.87%～6.78%,游离氨基酸含量3.25%～6.62%,没食子酸含量1.22～3.84mg/g,生物碱含量38.32～45.78mg/g,其中咖啡碱含量33.54～38.73mg/g,可可碱含量3.58～11.01mg/g,茶碱含量0.02～0.46mg/g;总儿茶素含量133.76～166.13mg/g,其中儿茶素没食子酸酯含量0.05～0.21mg/g。16个品质指标变异系数为4.17%～97.87%,其中游离氨基酸和茶碱等指标变异性较大,变异系数在95%以上;而咖啡碱、总儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和生物碱等指标变异性较小,变异系数在10%以下。相关性分析表明,安吉白茶品质指标间存在正相关或者负相关,其中有39对指标间呈极显著相关(P<0.01), 18对指标间呈显著相关(P<0.05)。主成分分析结果表明,前5个主成分累计贡献...     

不同时期茶树鲜叶活性成分研究

为探明不同时期茶树活性成分的变化规律,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),对不同时间采摘的福鼎大白茶鲜叶氨基酸(amino acids,AA)、茶多酚(tea polyphenols,TP)、咖啡碱(caffeine,CAF)、没食子酸(gallic acid,GA)、表没食子儿茶素(epicatechin gallate,EGC)、表儿茶素没食子酸(epicatechin gallate,ECG)及表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)等生化成分含量进行分析比较。结果显示:福鼎大白茶鲜叶中儿茶素组分总含量在12.1 mg/g~18.7 mg/g之间,其中样品4 EGCG含量最高,3月份采摘一芽二叶鲜叶儿茶素品质指数最高为15.66,其儿茶素苦涩味指数也是样品中百分比最高的,儿茶素的品质指数与苦涩味指数、氨酚比呈正相关。     

绿茶茶汤中主要滋味成分及滋味定量描述分析的研究

通过主要滋味成分化学分析和滋味定量描述分析相结合技术对绿茶茶汤的滋味进行研究。结果表明,绿茶茶汤中各主要滋味成分含量差异较大;对于同一滋味成分而言,不同茶汤中的含量也有一定差异。茶多酚(TP)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、咖啡喊(Caf)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)、芦丁(Rutin)、D-儿茶素(D-C)、表儿茶素(EC)、氨基酸(AA)等9个成分对绿茶茶汤滋味的贡献较大,各滋味间强度关系为涩味>苦味>鲜味>甜味。通过主成分分析提取出的2个主成分数据、绿茶茶汤滋味定量描述结果对35个绿茶样品分别进行聚类,结果表明绿茶茶汤中各滋味成分之间存在着协同作用。     

UPLC-MS-MS同时测定茶油中8种儿茶素类物质

利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱建立了一种可以同时检测茶油8种儿茶素类物质的分析方法。使用Waters T3 C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以0.1%(V/V)甲酸水溶液和甲醇和为流动相进行梯度洗脱,正扫描方式下多反应监测(MRM)模式测定。在优化的条件下,8种儿茶素类物质线性关系良好(r~2=0.9966～0.9995),方法检出限为0.2～1.1μg/L。在不同浓度水平的添加平均加标回收率为76.4.%～93.4%之间,相对标准偏差3.0%～8.9%。应用本方法可以检测出茶油中儿茶素(C)、表儿茶素表儿茶素(EC)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)等的含量。结果表明,茶油中表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)的含量相对较高。本方法结果准确可靠,方法快速,简单易行,可为茶油中儿茶素类物质的检测提供参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the