高碳铬铁制备氢氧化铬的研究

以高碳铬铁合金粉为原料,经过硫酸高温搅拌浸出,通过草酸除铁法除铁后得到含杂质量低的硫酸铬溶液,然后用碳酸氢铵调节硫酸铬溶液pH得到氢氧化铬沉淀.研究了溶液中铬离子浓度、反应温度、pH以及各种添加剂对铬(Ⅲ)的沉淀回收率及氢氧化铬沉淀过滤性的影响.通过实验得到溶液中铬(Ⅲ)回收的最佳条件:反应温度为85 ℃、溶液中铬(Ⅲ)质量浓度为10 g/L、pH=6.5、搅拌强度为200 r/min.在此条件下铬(Ⅲ)的回收率高达99%,并且氢氧化铬沉淀具有较好的过滤性, 滤液中铬质量浓度达0.001 5 g/L,完全可达到国家排放标准,具有一定的工业实用价值.     

反应条件对氢氧化钇及氧化钇形貌的影响

以氨水和硝酸钇为原料制备氧化钇前驱体,考察表面活性剂及其用量对晶粒形貌和尺寸的影响;并在水热条件下研究体系pH、温度及时间对沉淀重整效果的影响.用XRD,SEM技术检测样品的晶型、尺寸和形貌.结果显示,阴离子型表面活性剂的浓度对一级晶粒的尺寸有较明显的影响,而阳离子型表面活性剂和非离子型表面活性剂的浓度对一级晶粒的尺寸的影响不明显.水热条件下对沉淀进行重整,可制备氢氧化钇纳米棒,溶液的碱浓度、温度及时间影响纳米棒的直径和长度.样品经600 ℃焙烧2 h,可制得立方晶相氧化钇,一级晶粒7～20 nm;氢氧化钇纳米棒焙烧后形成的氧化钇仍具有棒状结构.     

硫酸铬电解氧化反应的研究

为了制备间接电氧化合成菲醌的氧化剂Cr2O72-,对硫酸铬电解氧化反应进行了实验研究,考察了电流密度、电解时间、反应温度及硫酸含量对电解效率的影响。通过实验得出:在隔膜电解槽中,采用Pb作阴极,Pb-PbO2作阳极,Cr3 电氧化的最佳条件是反应时间4 h,电解液中硫酸浓度30%,电流密度67 mA/cm2,所得Cr2O72-收率为95%左右。     

制易溶氢氧化铬及含三价铬源水溶液

氢氧化铬的传统制法是将质量、体积较大的氯化铬或硫酸铬水溶液置于反应器内,不断搅拌下再将质量、体积较小的无机碱溶液加到反应器中,由于三价铬盐极易局部过浓,形成过多沉淀中心,致析出的一级粒子(电子显微镜见到的初级颗粒)过小,静电引力过强,容易聚集成粒径(激光粒度     

铬渣中铬的氧化法浸出工艺条件的研究

采用碱性条件下氧化处理铬渣的方法研究了氧化剂种类及各工艺条件对铬渣中铬浸出量的影响。结果表明,NaOH加入量为0.12 g,氧化剂NaClO3的加入量达0.2 g或Na2C2O6加入量为0.2 g时,在80℃水浴条件下反应120 min后,Cr(Ⅵ)与总铬的浸出量最高。延长反应时间和提高水热反应温度,有利于提高铬渣中铬的浸出量,但温度过高会导致铬渣中Cr(Ⅵ)及总铬的浸出量下降。     

四丁基氢氧化胺模板磷酸铝对铬(Ⅵ)吸附性能的研究

研究了四丁基氢氧化胺模板磷酸铝对水中重金属离子铬(Ⅵ)的吸附特性。结果表明:四丁基氢氧化胺模板磷酸铝对铬(Ⅵ)吸附的最佳pH值和铬(Ⅵ)的初始质量浓度分别为2.0和40mg/L,且其吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型。     

氢氧化铬及铬酸钠混合物制碱式硫酸铬

一、概述 用氢氧化铬及铬酸钠碱性液代替重铬酸钠制碱式硫酸铬,其中氢氧化铬系用铬酸钠碱性液制得。与传统的葡萄糖还原重铬酸钠法相比,可缩减工序,降低能耗,     

硫酸铬阳极电解氧化过程的研究

研究了硫酸铬的阳极电解氧化过程,考察了硫酸浓度、电流密度、硫酸铬浓度以及温度对电流效率的影响,并对Ｃｒ２Ｏ２－７阳极形成机理进行了探讨     

甲醇氧化重整制氢过程(Ⅰ)反应条件对制氢过程的影响

通过对甲醇氧化重整 (POX)自热体系物料衡算、能量衡算 ,以及床层反应行为的研究 ,优化了POX过程操作条件 ,获得了理论产氢能量效率 η,分析了氢源与质子交换膜燃料电池 (PEMFC)衔接中的关键环节———合适的原料配比、反应压力、蒸发器和换热器中换热效率 ,以及适应PEMFC变载或电动汽车变速、爬坡的有效手段等     

Noble-metal-free cobalt hydroxide nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation

Cobalt hydroxide has been emerging as a promising catalyst for the electrocatalytic oxidation reactions, including the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and glucose oxidation reaction (GOR). Herein, we prepared cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles (CoHP) and cobalt hydroxide nanosheets (CoHS) on nickel foam. In the electrocatalytic OER, CoHS shows an overpotential of 306 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^–2. This is enhanced as compared with that of CoHP (367 mV at 10 mA·cm^–2). In addition, CoHS also exhibits an improved performance in the electrocatalytic GOR. The improved electrocatalytic performance of CoHS could be due to the higher ability of the two-dimensional nanosheets on CoHS in electron transfer. These results are useful for fabricating efficient catalysts for electrocatalytic oxidation reactions.     

三价铬氧化方法比较研究

三价铬氧化为六价铬、六价铬与二苯碳酰二肼显色是测定水溶液中三价铬含量最常用的方法,该方法的关键是既要方便快捷地将三价铬完全转化为六价铬,同时还要避免氧化剂与显色剂反应干扰测定。通过实验比较了几种文献中报道的三价铬氧化方法,并进行了优化研究。实验结果表明,高锰酸钾、过硫酸铵和过氧化氢都是适宜的三价铬氧化剂,而高氯酸和溴效果不好。综合准确、简便、安全等因素,推荐过硫酸铵和过氧化氢作为首选氧化剂。     

常温合成条件对两步法制备氢氧化镁阻燃剂中试研究的影响

在自行研制的中试设备上用两步法（氢氧化钠合成法-水热反应法）制备出了氢氧化镁阻燃剂,分析了常温合成条件对制备氢氧化镁的影响.研究发现在相同的水热条件下,提高常温合成温度和降低氢氧化钠加料速率,有利于常温产物的水热改性处理,使之生成形貌规则、粒径分布均匀、分散性良好的氢氧化镁六方片状颗粒.     

对二甲苯液相氧化过程中燃烧副反应动力学

During the liquid-phase oxidation of p-xylene, over-oxidation of reactant, intermediates and solvent to carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide is generally known as the burning side reaction. Batch and semi-continuous experiments were carried out, and the experimental data of the burning side reaction were analyzed and reported in this paper. The results showed that the rates of burning side reactions were proportional to the rates of the main re-action, but decreased with the increasing concentrations of reactant and intermediates. The inter-stimulative and competitive relationship between the burning side reaction and the main reaction was confirmed, and the rates of the burning side reaction could be described with some key indexes of the main reaction. According to the mecha-nism of the side reactions and the kinetics model of main reaction which were proposed and tested in the previous papers, a kinetic model of the burning side reactions involving some key indexes of the main reaction was devel-oped, and the parameters were determined by data fitting of the COx rate curves. The obtained kinetic model could describe the burning side reactions adequately.     

连续法合成2-吡啶甲酸铬的工艺研究

采用一种以2-甲基吡啶为原料,经氧化和络合连续反应合成了2-吡啶羧酸铬,收率为82．7％,不仅使得合成工艺简化,而且生产成本降低,并通过红外光谱分析和元素分析对化合物进行了结构表征,确定金属元素与配位体的摩尔比为1：3。     

沉钒废水除硅制备冶金级氢氧化铬研究

研究了以石灰为脱硅剂,采用石灰+片碱（氢氧化钠）沉淀法脱除沉钒废水中的硅,以除硅液为原料制备冶金级氢氧化铬。结果表明,先用石灰调节pH为7.5~8.0,再用片碱调节pH为9.5以上,除硅温度为55~65 ℃,除硅时间为20~30 min,在此条件下除硅率达到67.9%。沉钒废水用石灰除硅后制备的氢氧化铬硅含量低,以二氧化硅质量分数计达到4.2%,可用于冶炼焊剂用、铝剂用金属铬的原料。     

亚硫酸盐强制氧化传递与化学反应动力学

在湿法烟气脱硫的过程中,吸收塔底部发生的反应主要是亚硫酸钙和空气或氧气之间的气液传递与化学反应过程,根据双膜理论模型,分析了该反应的吸收机理,用一种图像边界识别的方法分析亚硫酸盐强制氧化气液反应.在没有催化剂或固定钴离子催化剂浓度时,SO^2-₃存在临界浓度0.328 mol•L^-1.当SO^2-₃的浓度低于0.328 mol•L^-1时,过程为双膜控制,SO^2-₃的反应级数为1;当SO^2-₃的浓度大于0.328 mol•L^-1时,过程逐渐变为气膜控制,SO^2-₃反应级数为0.当固定SO^2-₃浓度时,催化剂钴离子的反应级数则受到气液传质的影响,分为几个阶段,且反应级数不同.     

Effect of maillard reaction volatile products on lipid oxidation

Maillard reaction volatile compounds (MRV), prepared by heating a glucose-glycine solution, were tested as antioxidants in soybean oil (SBO) thermoxidation. The volatiles were transferred into the oil by stripping with a stream of Nitrogen and substituting the atmosphere above the oil with air containing MRV. Standard accelerated oxidation was performed by heating the SBO. Peroxide value measurement and headspace gas Chromatographic analysis were carried out on all the samples. The MRV antioxidant activity was evaluated by determining the effect of the induction period and the kinetic rate constant of peroxide and oxidation volatiles formation. The MRV showed a significant antioxidant activity. The effectiveness was variable depending on MRV transfer method to the oil, and the Maillard reaction extent was related to the browning level of glucose/glycine solution. It was found that the maximum effect of MRV prolonged about three times the induction period and reduced the kinetic rate constant by half in relation to the control sample. MRV affects oxidative stability of soybean oil by lengthening the induction period as well as by decreasing the rate of oxidation at the propagation state and reducing the formation of hexanal.