用MPS方法数值模拟低充水液舱的晃荡

液体晃荡是一种非线性的自由面流动现象.在低充水率下,由于液体具有很大的运动空间,晃荡现象具有强烈的非线性特征,自由面的变形较大,剧烈时甚至会翻卷和破碎,这给数值模拟带来很大挑战.本文基于移动粒子半隐式法(Moving Particle Semi-Implicit,MPS)对低充水率的液舱晃荡问题进行了数值模拟.结果表明:当激励频率等于共振频率时,液体撞击到了液舱的顶板,并出现了飞溅现象,此时液体对侧舱壁产生了较大的抨击压力;在低于共振频率时,自由面出现了破碎波及波前的翻卷和融合等现象,抨击压力相对较小.计算结果表明,MPS方法能够很好地预测晃荡引起的拍击现象,数值计算得到的压力能够与实验结果很好地吻合.在自由面的追踪上,MPS方法具有很大的灵活性,能够很好地处理自由面的破碎、融合及液体的飞溅等流动现象.     

带液舱FPSO船内外流场耦合的数值分析

带液舱FPSO船舶运动时对液舱晃荡的影响明显,而被影响的液舱晃荡会反过来改变FPSO船舶运动性能。该文采用基于开源代码OpenFOAM平台自主开发的CFD求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU,对带有液舱的FPSO进行内外流场耦合数值模拟,对放开横荡自由度和不放开横荡自由度下的FPSO船舶运动和液舱晃荡进行了模拟研究;并对这两种状态下的船舶运动曲线和液舱抨击压力进行了比较。     

低充水液舱晃荡气垫效应的数值分析

为了研究空气可压缩性对液仓晃荡和流体动力载荷的影响,建立了基于NS方程和VOF方法的自由表面流动数学模型,其中气相可作为可压缩介质。通过单涡演化、溃坝和受迫晃荡三个典型算例的计算,验证了数值方法的有效性。与现有的实验结果对比发现,考虑气相可压缩的两相流模型能合理地反映液仓侧壁的压力振荡过程,而基于气相不可压缩假定的数值模型则无法给出合理的结果。采用空气可压缩的两相流模型,给出了不同背景压强作用下液舱晃荡形态及液体对壁面的拍击力。通过比较壁面监测点的压力时间过程线的计算结果和现有的实验数据,表明考虑空气可压缩性的两相流模型可以很好地预报最大压力峰值,并较合理地给出压力振荡过程,因此有必要在液仓晃荡与流动动力预报中考虑空气的气垫效应。     

基于MPS方法数值模拟三维LNG液舱的晃荡问题

该文基于自主开发的无网格粒子方法求解器MLParticle-SJTU,将MPS方法(moving particle semi-implicit)应用到三维LNG液舱的晃荡问题中,分别研究了LNG液舱在单自由度纵摇和横摇激励下,装载高度和激励频率对液舱晃荡作用的影响。首先,对装载高度为70%H的LNG液舱在单自由度纵摇和横摇激励下的晃荡问题分别进行了数值模拟,并将计算结果与实验结果进行比较,验证了MPS方法的可靠性。其次,对比不同装载高度,不同激励频率下液舱晃荡的拍击压力和流场分布情况,分析了装载高度和激励频率对晃荡作用的影响,并分析了一阶固有频率和共振频率随装载高度的变化规律。数值结果表明:激励频率对晃荡幅度影响较大;当激励频率在一阶固有频率附近时,会发生剧烈的晃荡现象;52.5%H为危险装载高度,在共振频率下,产生的拍击压力最大。     

超谐共振横摇下液舱晃荡特性数值研究

该文从船舶非线性横摇运动方程出发,采用多尺度法,获得其在正横规则波中的超谐共振稳态解,并将其作为液舱运动的外部激励。在此基础上,基于Open FOAM开源代码,采用基于VOF的两相流模型模拟液舱内气液运动,研究了船舶在超谐共振横摇条件下的液舱晃荡动特性问题。结果表明,在超谐共振横摇条件下,自由液面易出现翻卷、破碎等强非线性现象,舱壁压力时历表现出多峰型特征,其峰值要远大与简谐激励的情况,而且舱内液体晃荡在两个谐波成分的差频附近发生共振响应。     

二维矩形水槽晃荡过程的SPH方法模拟

新型LNG船的液仓内液体晃荡涉及非线性自由表面大变形运动.针对容器的运动所激发的内部流体的强迫晃荡问题,该文运用光滑质点水动力学(SPH)方法对二维矩形水槽的纵荡过程和纵摇过程进行了数值模拟.纵荡过程中边界处的自由液面高度的时间历程曲线与前人的结果相比符合较好,结果还显示了当激励频率接近容器一阶固有频率时出现了对容器上边界的砰击和自由水面的破碎现象,并分析了砰击作用对计算的影响;同时考虑纵荡和纵摇激励时,模拟表明当相位相同时波面的运动幅度最小,而相位差为180度时波面的运动幅度最大,并且其综合效果是非线性的.     

基于CFD方法对波浪中FLNG分段液舱晃荡耦合运动的研究

作为液化天然气运输船,FLNG船在世界范围内引起广泛关注。在FLNG载液运输的过程中,船体会受复杂海洋环境影响产生摇晃,船体运动会带动液舱内液体产生晃荡,同时这种晃荡现象反过来也会与船体运动产生耦合作用。由于船舶运动与液舱内液体晃荡耦合作用的重要性,该问题十分具有研究价值。该文主要应用CFD方法,同时对液舱内部与外部流场进行模拟。对规则波中带双液舱FLNG分段的液舱晃荡耦合运动问题进行研究。该文应用的求解器是课题组基于Open FOAM自行开发的海洋工程水动力学求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU。首先对空舱FLNG分段在不同频率规则波中的横摇运动进行模拟,并与文献结果进行对比,验证了求解器的准确性。接着针对液舱充液率24.3%的情况,对分段在不同波浪频率下的运动情况进行计算研究。在比对参考文献后,发现该文求解器的模拟结果比文献中的势流计算结果更加贴近文献中给出的物理实验结果。随后,研究在波浪频率相同时,五种不同充液率情况对FLNG分段液舱晃荡耦合运动的影响,并分析FLNG分段内外壁所受力矩相位差对耦合运动幅值造成的影响。最后将上述工况的波高增大一倍,再次研究在不同充液率下FLNG分段耦合运动受不同波陡的波浪的影响情况及规律。研究结果表明,naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器可以有效模拟波浪环境下液舱晃荡-船体运动耦合问题,并可以对整个流场进行可视化展示与分析,从多角度分析这一复杂现象的机理。     

液固悬浮液中气泡生成的数值模拟

将Level Set方法与硬球离散颗粒方法相结合,建立了一个三相流混合模型。应用该模型对液固悬浮液中气泡从单孔及多孔中的形成过程进行了三维模拟,并与文献中已有的结果进行了定性比较。数值试验主要比较了在悬浮液与纯液体中的气泡生成与上升行为。模拟结果表明,颗粒的存在对气泡的形成与上升有重要影响;气泡诱导的流体流动对气泡与颗粒的运动均有显著地影响。     

带填充结构圆柱形容器内液体横向晃荡特征研究

应用比例边界有限元法（ＳＢＦＥＭ）研究了带填充结构圆柱形容器内液体横向晃荡问题。忽略流体的黏性并假设流体不可压缩,利用变分原理,推导出各子域速度势的ＳＢＦＥＭ控制方程,引入贝塞尔函数作为基本解并根据匹配边界条件求解控制方程。将ＳＢＦＥＭ计算结果与解析解进行比较,在很少的离散单元下能得到很高的计算精度,从而验证了该方法的精确性和高效性。同时,数值结果表明选取合适的填充介质参数及适当的填充区域情况下,可以取得有效的减晃效果,可为实际工程提供理论参考。     

基于MPS方法模拟带水平隔板的液舱晃荡

该文基于自主开发的无网格粒子方法求解器MLParticle-SJTU,研究了二维晃荡问题中对称水平隔板的隔板宽度、高度等参数对减晃作用的影响。首先,对矩形液舱内的晃荡问题进行了数值模拟,通过与实验结果进行比较,验证了MLParticle-SJTU的可靠性;其次,通过大量的数值计算,分析了对称水平隔板的宽度和高度对减晃效果的影响。数值结果表明:对称水平隔板具有较好的减晃作用;对称水平隔板宽度和高度越大,减晃效果越明显。     

带自由液面 Navier-Stokes 流动问题的ALE 分步有限元方法

将任意的拉格朗日 欧拉 (ArbitraryLagrange Euler,简称ALE)描述引入到Navier Stokes方程中 ,以速度和压力为基本变量 ,在时间域上采用分步求解格式 ,利用Galerkin加权余量法推导了分步格式的ALE有限元数值离散方程。并对带有自由液面的Navier Stokes流动问题的定解条件进行了分析讨论。最后利用所得到的ALE分步有限元方法对二维及三维不可压粘性液体大幅晃动问题进行了算例数值模拟 ,数值计算结果验证了本文方法及计算机仿真软件的正确性与可靠性     

Comparative study of MPS method and level-set method for sloshing flows

This paper presents a comparative study of a meshless level-set method in the simulation of sloshing flows. The numerical moving particle semi-implicit （MPS） method and a grid based schemes of the MPS and level-set methods are outlined and two violent sloshing cases are considered. The computed results are compared with the corresponding experimental data for validation. The impact pressure and the deformations of free surface induced by sloshing are comparatively analyzed, and are in good agreement with experimental ones. Results show that both the MPS and level-set methods are good tools for simulation of violent sloshing flows. However, the second pressure peaks as well as breaking and splashing of free surface by the MPS method are captured better than by the level-set method.     

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID SLOSHING IN A RECTANGULAR TANK UNDER LOW GRAVITY

1. INTRODUCTION The stability and the directional precision of liquid-filled spacecraft are influenced by the sloshing of liquid in the tank of spacecraft, which has been studied since 1960’s[1]. The major studies have been focused on the sloshing of liq…     

THE EQUIVALENT MECHANICAL MODELS OF LIQUID SLOSHING IN A SPHERICAL TANK WITH SPACER UNDER LOW GRAVITY

The dynamics of liquid sloshing in a spherical tank with spacer under low gravity was investigated. By extending the characteristic functions, the frequencies of liquid free-sloshing, reaction force and moments on the wall of tank were obtained. By mechanical equivalent principle, the equivalent models of spring-vibrator-damper of liquid sloshing were given. The numerical results obtained show when a spacer is inserted in the tank, the sloshing frequency of liquid and the sloshing mass of liquid will decrease.     

SIMULATION OF TANK SLOSHING BASED ON OPENFOAM AND COUPLING WITH SHIP MOTIONS IN TIME DOMAIN

Tank sloshing in ship cargo is excited by ship motions, which induces impact load on tank wall and then affects the ship motion. Wave forces acting on ship hull and the retardation function are solved by using three-dimensional frequency domain theory and an impulse response function method based on the potential flow theory, and global ship motion is examined coupling with nonlinear tank sloshing which is simulated by viscous flow theory. Based on the open source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) development platform Open Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM), numerical calculation of ship motion coupled with tank sloshing is achieved and the corresponding numerical simulation and validation are carried out. With this method, the interactions of wave, ship body and tank sloshing are completely taken into consideration. This method has quite high efficiency for it takes advantage of potential flow theory for outer flow field and viscous flow theory for inside tank sloshing respectively. The numerical and experimental results of the ship motion agree well with each other.     

球柱形贮箱中液体的受迫晃动特性研究

本文研究了两底为半球面腰为圆柱面贮箱中液体的受迫晃动特性，用一类特征函数展开的方法求出液体自由晃动频率、速度势，推出了贮箱横向振动时液体受迫振动的动力学方程和边界条件，利用函数展开法求出液体受迫振动速度势，并给出了腔体横向振动时液体对腔壁的反力和反力矩，最后给出了数值计算结果。     

矩形容器内流体晃动的数值模拟

本文应用ＭＡＣ方法对矩形容器内一层和两层流体由水平激振所引发的晃动进行了数值模拟。计算取与容器固联的坐标系，视激振加速度为质量力，计算结果在流场的形态等方面与实验观测基本一致。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SLOSHING IN RECTANGULAR TANK WITH VOF BASED ON UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS

A new method for sloshing simulation in a sway tank is present, in which the two phase interface is treated as a physical discontinuity, which can be captured by a well-designed high order scheme. Based on Normalized Variable Diagram (NVD), a high order discretization scheme with unstructured grids is realized, together with a numerical method for free surface flow with a fixed grid. This method is implemented in an in-house code General Transport Equation Analyzer (GTEA) which is an unstructured grids finite volume solver. The present method is first validated by available analytical solutions. A simulation for a 2-D rectangular tank at different excitation frequencies of the sway is carried out. A comparison with experimental data in literature and results obtained by commercial software CFX shows that the sloshing load on the monitor points agrees well with the experimental data, with the same grids, and the present method gives better results on the secondary peak. It is shown that the present method can simulate the free surface overturning and breakup phenomena.