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以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺/LiCl为溶剂,以对甲苯磺酰氯为共反应剂原位活化金刚烷甲酸,在均相反应体系中合成了新的纤维素高级脂肪酸酯——金刚烷甲酸纤维素酯。采用红外光谱、核磁共振谱进行了表征。热重分析表明,在纤维素链中引入金刚烷基可提高其热稳定性,取代度越高,热稳定性越好。金刚烷甲酸纤维素酯在有机溶剂中的溶解性随取代度增大而提高。 相似文献
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月桂酸纤维素酯的均相法合成 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在纤维素LiCl/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)均相溶液体系中,以对甲苯磺酰氯(TosCl)为共反应剂,原位活化月桂酸,合成了月桂酸纤维素酯。采用红外光谱、核磁共振、热重等分析手段对产品进行了表征。考察了反应物配比、温度、时间等酯化条件对产品取代度的影响。结果表明:酯化产品的取代度与反应物纤维素葡萄糖苷、月桂酸和对甲苯磺酰氯的配比、反应温度及反应时间有关。在最佳酯化条件下,所得产品的取代度(DS)为2.58。热重分析结果表明,酯化反应削弱了纤维素分子间及分子内的作用力,赋予了月桂酸纤维素酯较好的热加工性。月桂酸纤维素酯在有机溶剂中的溶解度随取代度的增加而提高。 相似文献
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在纤维素LiCl/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)均相溶液体系中,以对甲苯磺酰氯(TosCl)为共反应剂,原位活化脂肪酸(RCOOH),合成了长链脂肪酸纤维素酯。采用红外光谱、核磁共振谱、X射线衍射、热重等分析手段对产品进行了表征。考察了脂肪酸含碳原子个数、反应物配比、反应温度、反应时间等酯化条件对产品取代度的影响。结果表明:当反应物纤维素葡萄糖苷(AGU)∶RCOOH∶TosCl=1∶3∶3,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为24h时,产品取代度最高,且随着长链脂肪酸碳原子数目的增加,产物酯化度下降。热重分析结果表明,酯化反应削弱了纤维素分子间及分子内的作用力,赋予了长链脂肪酸纤维素酯较低的热加工温度。长链脂肪酸纤维素酯在有机溶剂中的溶解度随取代度的增加而提高。 相似文献
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研究了以三乙胺为催化剂,二氯甲烷为溶剂,S-(—)-乳酸甲酯和对甲苯磺酰氯发生酰化反应,合成S-(—)-对甲苯磺酰乳酸甲酯的方法,讨论了反应温度、时间、溶剂、催化剂和对甲苯磺酰氯对反应产率的影响。结果表明:n(三乙胺):n(S(—)-乳酸甲酯):1:1.2,0~5℃下,对甲苯磺酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液加入S-(—)-乳酸甲酯中,得到S-(—)-对甲苯磺酰乳酸甲酯。通过旋光度、熔点测定及IR分析,证实其结构与预期结构相符。收率为95%,光学纯度95%。 相似文献
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ATGAP的合成与性能 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以1,4-丁二醇为引发剂,三氟化硼乙醚络合物为催化剂,环氧氯丙烷发生开环聚合得到环氧氯丙烷均聚物(PECH).采用磺酸酯法,首先PECH与对甲苯磺酰氯在吡啶介质中反应形成端磺酸酯基氯化聚醚中间体(TsPECH),然后中间体经叠氮化作用形成端基为叠氮基的叠氮缩水甘油醚聚合物(ATGAP).用红外、核磁、碳谱研究化合物的结构.结果表明,所得产物是目标聚合物,ATGAP的玻璃化转变温度为-73 ℃,热分解温度为252.7 ℃,黏度小,可以作为含能增塑剂使用. 相似文献
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M. S. J. Simmonds W. M. Blaney F. Delle Monache M. Marquina Mac-Quhae G. B. Marini Bettolo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1985,11(12):1593-1599
Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria. 相似文献
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Cheng-Le Zhao Shane Porzio Alan Smith Haiyan Ge H. T. Davis L. E. Scriven 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2006,3(2):109-115
Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively.
There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized.
High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without
the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of
fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to
achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic
SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve
F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender
particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing,
and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing
or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually
preserves suspension stability during freezing.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago,
IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition. 相似文献
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Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US
In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae
and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted
in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures
(release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species
(Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species
to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were
exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of
separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles
from the southeastern region of the US. 相似文献
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Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed. 相似文献
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中蓝晨光化工研究院有限公司《塑料工业》编辑部 《塑料工业》2009,37(3)
收集了2007年7月~2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007~2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍. 相似文献
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中蓝晨光化工研究院《塑料工业》编辑部 《塑料工业》2007,35(3):1-25,67
收集了2005年7月~2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。 相似文献