聚乙烯亚胺为主链的液晶高分子研究进展

综述了近几年以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为主链的液晶高分子的研究进展.从PEI型液晶高分子的原理、结构和性能方面着手,展望了几类新型PEI液晶高分子的发展趋势.     

HECS-g-PDLLA共聚物的微波合成及与聚乳酸的相容性

在微波作用下,以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,羟乙基壳聚糖（HECS）为大分子引发剂引发D,L-丙交酯（D,L-LA）开环聚合制备羟乙基壳聚糖-g-聚乳酸（HECS-g-PDLLA）,通过红外（IR）、元素分析（EA）、氢核磁共振（1H-NMR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和差示扫描量热分析（DSC）对产物进行了表征。然后采用溶液共混法...     

压电聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的应用进展

压电聚合物因柔性、加工容易和成本低等优点备受人们的关注,尤其是在生物医学、能源和电子信息等领域的数据储存器、纳米发电机、传感器和驱动器等器件的开发方面有十分广泛的应用。文中对聚偏氟乙烯的结晶结构、晶型调控以及应用方面进行综述,重点介绍聚偏氟乙烯压电聚合物纳米纤维材料的结构调控及在纳米器件等应用方面的最新研究进展。     

Influence of Surface-functionalized Graphene Oxide on the Cell Morphology of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite

The surface chemistry of filler is closely related to the structure and morphology of nanocomposite foams.Changing the property of filler is widely used to control the cell structures and functionalize the composite foams.Surface-functionalized graphene oxide(GO-ODA) was prepared by grafting octadecylamine(ODA) on the surface of graphene oxide(GO) to make the filler disperse better in the nanocomposites and have a strong interfacial interaction with polymer matrix.Poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)/GO-ODA nanocomposite foams were obtained by solution blending and foamed using supercritical carbon dioxide(scCO_2).Compared to neat PMMA and PMMA/GO samples,the PMMA/GO-ODA nanocomposite foams showed improved cell structures with smaller size,higher cell density and more homogeneous distribution,which should be attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation caused by well-dispersed GO-ODA nanosheets.This work not only improved the compatibility and interfacial interaction of GO with polymer matrix but also indicated that the modified GO sheets can act as ideal filler to control the cell density,size and size distribution efficiently.     

再生胺吸附解吸脱硫工艺与其它典型脱硫方式的简单比较

简要介绍了再生胺吸附解吸脱硫工艺的原理、特点、优势、发展前景,以及在实际运行中暴露出来的问题.并与现行已有的其他典型脱硫方式进行简单比较.     

聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)-b-聚苯乙烯改性玻璃表面对细胞黏附/脱附的调控

通过表面引发连续原子转移自由基聚合的方法在玻璃表面接枝了聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)-b聚苯乙烯(PNIPAAm-b-PS)双嵌段聚合物刷.测试结果表明改性表面具有一定的浸润性温度响应性以及良好的生物学性能.与未改性的玻璃表面相比,改性后的表面具有良好的排斥血浆蛋白质的非特异性吸附能力.此外,PS链段的引入在不影响表面温敏性调控细胞黏附/脱附的务件下能够有效提高PNIPAAm改性表面在温度高于其低临界溶解温度(LCST)时对细胞的黏附能力.     

聚乙烯醇水溶液低温稳定性的影响因素

通过测定聚乙烯醇水溶液表观黏度随时间的变化,并结合结构分析,研究了低温(10℃)环境中聚乙烯醇聚合度、醇解度及质量分数对聚乙烯醇水溶液稳定性的影响。结果表明,当醇解度、质量分数一定时,聚合度越大,聚乙烯醇水溶液越容易发生凝胶;当聚合度、质量分数一定时,醇解度越大,聚乙烯醇水溶液的稳定性越差;当聚合度、醇解度一定时,质量分数越大,聚乙烯醇水溶液发生凝胶的时间越短。在此基础上,确定了醇解度99%的PVA水溶液发生凝胶的临界质量分数和凝胶化时间。     

一种可促进成骨细胞黏附和生长的聚乙二醇接枝聚乳酸材料

用氨基封端聚乙二醇(H2N-PEGNH2)对聚乳酸(PLA)进行了本体改性,通过FITC荧光标记牛血清白蛋白(FITC-BSA)对材料的抗非特异性蛋白吸附性能进行了检测,在材料上体外培养Wistar大鼠成骨细胞,检测了材料的细胞相容性.结果表明:与聚乳酸相比,得到的产物聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸(PPLA)明显降低了对牛血清白蛋白的非特异性吸附,仅为PLA的37.3%,显著促进了成骨细胞的黏附和生长.由于该材料具有良好的亲水性、可降解性、细胞相容性及可反应性,预计在组织工程和药物缓释中有潜在应用.     

以二异氰酸酯为增容剂的聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯/聚乳酸共混材料的制备与性能

在聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯(PPC)/聚乳酸(PLA)共混体系中加入2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)作为增容剂,通过熔融共混的方法使TDI与PFC及PLA的端羟基反应形成扩链产物,制备了一系列共混物.共混物的DSC曲线及扫描电镜图表明,形成的扩链产物使该二元共混体系相容性得到明显改善,共混材料的力学性能和热性能都得到显著提高....     

A Quantitative Method for Determination of Lactide Composition in Poly(lactide) Using (1)H NMR

A method has been developed to quantitatively determine the composition of d-lactide and meso-lactide stereoisomer impurities in poly(lactide) containing predominantly l-lactide. In this method, the stereosequence information obtained from a few well-resolved resonances in the (1)H NMR spectrum representing RR and R stereogenic defects is used. The d-lactide and meso-lactide as minor components lead to RR and R stereogenic defects, respectively, which influence the isotactic chain length distribution and hence affect the polymer properties. Analytical equations relating the stereosequence probability to the lactide feed composition are not available due the complicated kinetics involved for the melt polymerization; viz. the preference for syndiotactic lactide addition decreases with reducing residual lactide concentration in the batch process. Hence, empirical correlations were determined by least-squares fit to the predictions for the specific stereosequence probabilities provided by Monte Carlo calculations of a number of lactide stereocopolymerizations. The Monte Carlo calculations simulate the kinetics observed for melt polymerization at 180 °C catalyzed by Sn(II) bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (Sn(II) octoate) in a 1:10 000 catalyst/lactide ratio.     

聚异丙基丙烯酰胺在生物医学领域中的研究进展

聚异丙基丙烯酰胺是一类具有温度敏感性的智能高分子材料,其特性在生物医学领域加以利用,可基本满足生物医学用材料的要求,具有广阔的应用前景.从聚合物角度综述了聚异丙基丙烯酰胺近几年在组织工程、药物释放体系、生物分离等领域的研究进展.     

聚碳酸亚丙酯共混改性研究进展

聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)是一种新型脂肪族聚碳酸酯,具有良好的生物相容性、降解性和极低的氧透过率,但其热性能和机械强度较差.聚碳酸亚丙酯的共混改性可以有效改善其性能.综述了近年来国内外聚碳酸亚丙酯共混改性的研究情况,分别介绍了聚碳酸亚丙酯/合成聚合物、聚碳酸亚丙酯/天然聚合物、聚碳酸亚丙酯/无机粒子、聚碳酸亚丙酯/有机小分子复合材料的制备方法与性能,并展望了其发展前景.     

不同中和度聚丙烯酸水溶液的黏度行为

测定了不同中和度聚丙烯酸水溶液的黏度,结果表明,在中和度为0.25时聚丙烯酸水溶液比浓黏度出现最大值。进一步测定了中和程度分别为0.04和0.09、以及没有经过中和的聚丙烯酸水溶液比浓黏度的浓度依赖性,发现存在着两个特征的浓度C1和C2。当溶液的浓度小于C1时,高分子溶液的比浓黏度保持恒定;当溶液的浓度大于C1时,高分子溶液的比浓黏度随着浓度的增加而增加。当溶液浓度达到C2时高分子溶液比浓黏度对浓度作图再次出现转折,此时进一步增加溶液的浓度,高分子溶液比浓黏度虽然继续增加,但是增加的梯度有所下降。高分子溶液比浓黏度的浓度依赖性与溶液中高分子内和高分子之间相互作用密切相关。     

聚β苹果酸的生物合成及应用研究进展

系统地介绍了一种无毒的、可降解的聚阴离子聚酯--聚β苹果酸的基本性质、生物合成方法、产生菌株及其在药剂、医疗等领域的潜在应用,揭示了这种新型高分子聚合物具有极其广泛的环境效益、经济效益和开发价值.     

Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-polyimide blends in the formation of thick polyimide films

Thick polyimide layers can be formed by using some unique properties of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-polyimide (PDMS/PMDA–ODA) blends followed by surface modification and deposition of a second layer of polyimide precursor chemicals. The method is based on the micro-phase separation characteristics of these blends to yield surfaces that have PDMS-like character. Upon modification with UV/ozone treatment, a surface that is essentially SiO _x and hydrophilic in nature is produced. This surface is amenable to reaction and deposition of a second polyimide layer from polyimide precursors. The thicker polyimide layer has enhanced adhesion between the original layer of the blend and the new polyimide layer and this approach finds extensive applications for products that require thick polymer layers. Changes in surface energy for various blend compositions were monitored by measurement of advancing contact angle with de-ionized water. Contact angle for unmodified polyimide films was on the order of 70° and it increased to about 104° after blending with PDMS and curing. UV/ozone treatment reduced the contact angle of the doped polyimide to less than 5°. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and angle resolved XPS (ARXPS) measurements were used to monitor the chemical compositions of the various surfaces. High-resolution XPS spectra in the Si2p region confirm the transformation of O–Si–C bonds in PDMS to SiO _x , where x is about 2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of some selected samples shows that the blends contain phase separation of the polymers at the surfaces of the samples. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of siloxane-free polyimide, and PDMS/PMDA–ODA blends both prior to and after UV/ozone exposure, show that the films are essentially flat at short treatment times (less than 60 min). AFM also reveals the separation of PDMS into micro-domains at the cured film surface and throughout the layer below the surface of the blended films. Adhesion of a subsequently deposited polyimide layer to the modified polyimide surface was found to be greatly improved when compared to the adhesion obtained for deposition onto a pristine polyimide surface.     

Comparison of sorption behavior of Th(IV) and U(VI) on modified impregnated resin containing quinizarin with that conventional prepared impregnated resin

This paper reports the results obtained by studying the ion-exchange properties of a new solvent impregnated resin (SIR), which was prepared by impregnation of quinizarin (1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone, QNZ) on Amberlite XAD-16 after nitration of the benzene rings present in its structure. The sorption behavior of Th(IV) and U(VI) on/in the modified SIR was compared with that of the SIR prepared via the conventional method. It was observed that sorption capacity and sorption rate of the modified SIR are significantly greater than the conventional one. The modified SIR was then applied to the extraction of Th(IV) and U(VI) ions at the presence of many co-existence metal ions. The results obtained denote on successful application of this new SIR to analysis of natural water samples spiked to Th(IV) and U(VI) ions.     

A study of the water sorption kinetic of Poly(HEMA) hydrogels bySLAM and FT-IR measurements

The relative changes in the ultrasonic attenuation measured by scanning laser acoustic microscopy (SLAM) during water sorption in poly-hydroxy-ethil-methacrilate[Poly(HEMA)] are analyzed. Acoustical images performed at 10 and 30 MHz of Poly(HEMA) during water absorption show an ultrasonic attenuation increase followed by a decrease. This phenomenon is analyzed in terms of reflections, scattering, and absorption of the acoustic waves. However, the contribution of scattering and reflection may be neglected and the time dependence of acoustic attenuation is attributed to absorption of the acoustic waves occuring in accordance with the glass transition, although induced by a solvent and not by temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) measurements indicate that bound water is responsible for the glass-rubber transition. On the other hand, the longitudinal velocity changes are only affected by the variations of density and mechanical properties of the polymer during water sorption. The traditional weight gain data are compared with the attenuation changes observed by ultrasonic measurements     

Galvanostatic deposition of Poly(N-methylpyrrole) film with various dopants and co-dopants: A comparative study

Synthesis of Poly(N-methylpyrrole) (P(NMP)) film with various dopants viz. PolyVinyl Sulphonic acid (PVS), p-Toluene Sulphonic acid (pTS), Sodium Nitrate (NaNO₃) has been studied by using galvanostatic deposition method. This is a comparative study of influence of above dopants on the synthesis of P(NMP) film using electrochemical studies, conductivity measurements, FTIR spectral studies and SEM. The optimal film growth was achieved for synthesis of the P(NMP) film in the presence of PVS. The influence of co-dopants i.e. PolyVinyl Sulphonic acid/ p-Toluene Sulphonic acid (PVS/pTS) and PolyVinyl Sulphonic acid/sodium nitrate (PVS/NaNO₃) on galvanostatic deposition of P(NMP) film has also been studied. This study reveals that the synthesized P(NMP) film with dopant PVS and co-dopant PVS/NaNO₃ provides good polymer matrix for immobilization of biocomponent.