Synthesis of glycidyl methacrylate containing diethanol amine and its binary copolymers with ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate as nano‐size chelating resins for removal of heavy metal ions

One of the most important applications of chelating and functional polymers is their capability to recover metal ions from their solutions. This study concerns the synthesis of a hydrophilic glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer‐bearing diethanol amine (DEA) chelating group from the reaction of GMA and DEA. The formed adduct (A) was characterized via FTIR and mass spectra and subjected to homopolymerization and binary copolymerization with ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate. The copolymerization process was carried out via a semi‐batch emulsion polymerization technique by using potassium persulphate/sodium bisulphite as a redox pair initiation system and sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate as an emulsifier at 65°C. The obtained polymers were characterized via FTIR, thermal gravimetric analysis, and UV–VIS. Volume‐average diameters (D_v) in nanoscale range for the prepared polymers were confirmed by transmission electron microscope investigation. It was shown that the obtained nano‐size chelating polymers have a powerful adsorption character toward transition metal ions (Cu⁺², Cr⁺³, Ni⁺², and Co⁺²) and efficient selectivity for Cu⁺² and Ni⁺² ions at normal pH. The effects of pH, time, and different comonomer feed compositions on the uptake of metal ions were studied. The reaction between the obtained chelating resins and different metal ions was confirmed to be a second‐order reaction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

SPOTLIGHT ON MANUFACTURING TRENDS IN JAPAN

Three reactive and functional polymers were synthesized by reacting formaldehyde with the phenolic Schiff bases derived from 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone and o-, m-, and p-hydroxybenzaldehydes, respectively. The metal ion uptake behavior of these resins towards Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, and UO₂ ²⁺ ions in dilute aqueous media was studied. The optimum conditions for the absorption of metal ions were determined by varying the various parameters like contact time, size of the sorbents, concentration of the metal ion solutions, and the pH of the reaction medium. Suitable conditions were ascertained for preferential adsorption of the above metal ions from the salt solutions containing other interfering ions such as Na⁺, K⁺, and Mg²⁺. Presence of these alkali and alkaline earth metal ions in the salt solutions did not affect the adsorption behavior of the resins. It was observed that the structural features of the resins have a profound effect on the uptake characteristics. The position of the OH group present in the meta position with respect to the imine nitrogen atom in the resin, demonstrated a significant influence on the extent of metal ion adsorption by the resin. Out of the three resins reported here, the resin derived from the Schiff base of m-hydroxybenzaldehyde-4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone showed higher efficiency in uptake of metal ions from the solutions than the corresponding resins derived from the Schiff bases of o- and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde-4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone.     

Synthesis,characterization, and antimicrobial studies of newly developed metal‐chelated epoxy resins

A series of novel metal‐chelated epoxy resins have been synthesized by the condensation of epichlorohydrin (1‐chloro‐2, 3 epoxy propane) with bisphenolic metal chelates in alkaline medium. The bisphenolic chelates were initially prepared by the reaction of 3‐formyl‐4, 4′‐dihydroxy diphenyl methane and diamine (ethylenediamine/o‐phenylenediamine) in 1:2 molar ratio and then with Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) acetate. The metal‐chelated epoxy resins were characterized by various instrumental techniques, such as elemental analysis, DSC and TGA, electronic, FTIR, ¹H‐NMR, and ¹³C‐NMR spectra. The physicochemical properties, viz., epoxide equivalent weight (eq/100 g), hydroxyl value (eq/100 g), refractive index, specific gravity, and specific viscosity were measured by standard procedures. The antimicrobial activities of these chelated resins were screened against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillius subtilis (bacteria), and Candida albicans, Mucor species (yeast) by using agar well diffusion method. All the polymeric chelates show promising antimicrobial activities. Among these polymeric chelates (ERPD)‐Cu(II) shows better antimicrobial activities, which can be attributed to higher stability constant of Cu(II) chelate than others. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1347–1355, 2006     

Synthesis,characterization, and bactericidal properties of composites based on crosslinked resins containing silver

Two different commercial crosslinked resins (Amberlite GT73 and Amberlite IRC748) were employed for anchoring silver. The ? SH and ? N(CH₂COOH)₂ groups, respectively, present on these resins were used for Ag⁺ chelation from an aqueous solution. The Ag⁺ ions were reduced with three different reductants: hydrazine, hydroxylamine, and formaldehyde (under an alkaline pH). The produced composites were characterized with thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy combined with a backscattered scanning electron detector. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy coupled to scanning electron microscopy allowed the observation of submicrometer particles of silver, and chemical microanalysis of emitted X‐rays revealed the presence of metal on the internal and external surfaces of the composite microspheres. The amount of incorporated silver was determined by titration. The antibacterial activity of the silver/resin composites was determined toward 10³–10⁷ cells/mL dilutions of the auxotrophic AB1157 Escherichia coli strain; the networks containing anchored submicrometer silver particles were completely bactericidal within a few minutes because of the combined action of silver and functional groups of the resins. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Sorption Studies of Terpolymers Based on p-Nitrophenol,Triethylenetetramine, and Formaldehyde

Terpolymer resins have been synthesized by condensation of p-nitrophenol, triethylenetetramine, and formaldehyde in the presence of 2 M NaOH as a catalyst with different molar proportions of monomers. Newly synthesized terpolymers were proved to be selective chelation ion exchangers for metal ions like Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, and Pb²⁺. A batch equilibrium study was carried out over a wide pH range, shaking time, and in media of various ionic strengths of different electrolytes and shows higher selectivity for Hg²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺. Distribution ratios of metal ions were found to be increased by increasing pH of solutions; hence the resins can be used to recover certain metals from waste solutions and removal of iron from boiler water.     

Synthesis,characterization, and metal ion uptake studies of chelating resins derived from formaldehyde/furfuraldehyde condensed phenolic schiff base of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane and o‐hydroxyacetophenone

The synthesis, characterization, and metal ion uptake studies of two chelating resins with multiple functional groups are reported. The chelating resins were synthesized by condensing a phenolic Schiff base derived from 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane and o‐hydroxyacetophenone with formaldehyde or furfuraldehyde. The resins readily absorbed transition metal ions, such as Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺, from dilute aqueous solutions. The Schiff base, resins, and metal polychelates were characterized by various instrumental techniques, such as elemental‐analysis, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy proton and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H‐NMR and ¹³C‐NMR, respectively), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric–differential thermogravimetric analyses (TG–DTG). The ¹H‐NMR and ¹³C‐NMR studies were used to determine the sites for aldehyde condensation with the phenolic moiety. Fourier transform infrared data provided evidence for metal–ligand bonding. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to compare the relative thermal stabilities of the resins and the polychelates. The TG data were fitted into different models and subjected to computational analysis to calculate the kinetic parameters. The XRD data indicate that the incorporation of metal ion into the resin matrix significantly enhanced the degree of crystallinity of the material. The extent of metal‐ion loading into the resins was studied in competitive and noncompetitive conditions, varying the time of contact, metal ion concentrations, and pH of the reaction medium in a suitable buffer medium. The furfuraldehyde‐condensed resin was more effective in removing metal ions than the formaldehyde‐condensed resins. The resins were selective for Cu²⁺, resulting in separation of Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ from the mixture at pH 5.89. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 570–581, 2003     

Ligating behavior and metal uptake of N‐sulphonylpolyamine chelating resins anchored on polystyrene‐divinylbenzene beads

Amberlite XAD‐2 has been functionalized by coupling through –SO₂‐with ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, and diethylenetriamine to give the corresponding polyamine chelating resins I–III. The solid metallopolymer complexes of the synthesized chelating resins with Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ were synthesized. The polyamine derivatives and their metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, spectral (IR, UV/V, and ESR), and magnetic studies. The batch equilibrium method was utilized for using the chelating polyamines for the removal of Cu⁺², Zn⁺², Cd⁺², and Pb⁺² ions from aqueous solutions at different pH values and different shaking times at room temperature. The selective extraction of Cu⁺² from a mixture of the four metal ions and the metal capacities of the chelating resins were evaluated using atomic absorption spectroscopy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1839–1846, 2005     

Synthesis and water absorbency of polyampholytic hydrogels with antibacterial activity

Amphoteric terpolymers of acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and N,N′‐dimethyl‐N‐ethylmeth‐acryloxylethylammoniumbromide (DMAEA‐EB) with varied compositions P[AA‐AM‐(DMAEA‐EB)] were synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization. The components of P[AA‐AM‐(DMAEA‐EB)] were verified by FTIR spectroscopy. The water absorption ability and antibacterial activity of the copolymer against Escherichia coli(E. coli) and Staphylococcus hyicus(S. hyicus) suspended in sterilized physiological saline were investigated. The introduction of  N⁺R₄ may increase the water absorbency of P[AA‐AM‐(DMAEA‐EB)] in some degree because of the excellent hydrophilicity of  N⁺R₄. The AA‐AM‐(DMAEA‐EB) hydrogels exhibited high antibacterial activity against bacteria tested. The process of adsorption between live bacteria cells and resins was at least partially reversible. A peak of antibacterial efficiency existed with increasing contact time. The resin killed 96.6% E. coli organisms and 90.3% S. hyicus organisms, respectively, within 30 min of contact at dosage of 0.1g. The concentration of DMAEA‐EB has a special effect on the antibacterial activity of the polyampholytic hydrogels, which is different from polycation. It was observed that the antibacterial activity of the resin with 2 mol % of DMAEA‐EB is superior to the copolymers tested with other compositions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Synthesis,characterization, and metal adsorption properties of tannin–phenol–formaldehyde resins produced using tannin from dried fruit of Terminalia chebula (Aralu)

In this study, tannin extracted from Terminalia chebula (Aralu) was used to produce tannin–phenol–formaldehyde resins. They were produced to obtain resins with different tannin to phenol ratio in an attempt to optimize the ion exchange capacities of resins produced. The resins made were sulfonated to improve their properties further. Bivalent cations, such as Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Cu²⁺, were used to estimate the adsorption properties of both unsulfonated and sulfonated resins. The glass transitions of representative resins were estimated using differential scanning calorimeter thermograms. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis was used to gauge changes on resins by sulfonation and adsorption of cations. The glass transition values of unsulfonated, sulfonated, and metal‐adsorbed sulfonated resins showed a similar increasing trend with the increase of phenol content in the resin. The glass transition temperature values reach a plateau beyond the tannin/phenol ratio of 1 : 0.5, indicating the formation of large molar masses facilitating entanglements beyond that ratio. The phenol ratio of 1 : 0.5 has shown the highest adsorption capacity for all the metal ions used. The highest adsorption capacity was shown for sulfonated tannin–phenol–formaldehyde resin with the tannin/phenol ratio of 1 : 0.5 for Pb²⁺, which is 0.610 meq/g. The adsorption equilibrium data obtained using the column technique were found fitting Freundlich isotherm. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Syntheses and properties of carboxymethyl chitosan/urea–formaldehyde snake‐cage resins

A series of novel snake‐cage resins were synthesized using carboxymethyl chitosan (CM‐CTS) as the snake resin and urea–formaldehyde resin (UF) as the cage resin. Such factors as the optimal synthesis conditions, content of the crosslinking agent, and sorption capacities for metal ions of the above‐mentioned resins were investigated. The experimental results show that these resins have appropriate swelling properties and good mechanical stability. They do not run off in water, HCl, and NaOH aqueous solutions. To form a stable network system, NH₄Cl was used as a crosslinking agent to crosslink urea and formaldehyde in synthesis. The sorption experiment showed that the sorption properties of the resins in the presence of the crosslinking agent NH₄Cl are better than those without a crosslinking agent. The investigation of the FTIR spectra indicated that the chelate groups, such as —OH, —CO and NHCH₂CO, in snake‐resin molecules participated in the coordination with the metal ions, but the —C?O bonds in the cage resin UF did not. The snake resin CM‐CTS in the snake‐cage resins was the major contributor of sorption. The sorption dynamics showed that the sorption was controlled by liquid film diffusion. The isotherms can be described by Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The saturated sorption capacities of the resins for Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Pb²⁺ were 1.48, 0.78, 0.13, and 0.02 mmol g^?1, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 310–317, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10331     

Chelating resins VI: Chelating resins of formaldehyde condensed phenolic Schiff bases derived from 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether with hydroxybenzaldehydes—synthesis,characterization, and metal ion adsorption studies

Phenolic Schiff bases derived from o‐, m‐, and p‐hydroxybenzaldehydes and 4, 4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether were subjected to polycondensation reaction with formaldehyde. The resins were found to form polychelates readily with several metal ions. The materials were characterized by elemental analysis, GPC, IR, UV‐Vis, ¹H‐NMR, XRD, and thermal analyses like TG, DTG, and DSC studies. The ¹H‐NMR spectra of the resins provided evidence of polycondensation with well‐defined peaks for bridging methylene and terminal methylol functions. The metal‐ligand bonds were registered in the IR spectra of the polychelates. The thermal analysis data provided the kinetic parameters like activation energy, frequency factor, and entropy changes associated with the thermal decomposition. These data indicated the resins to be more stable than the polychelates. The DSC and XRD data indicated that the incorporation of metal ions significantly enhanced the crystallinity of the polymers. The resins could adsorb several metal ions from dilute aqueous solutions. Adsorption characteristics of the resins towards Cu(II) and Ni(II) were studied spectrophotometrically both in competitive and noncompetitive conditions. The effects of pH, contact time, quantity of the sorbent, concentration of the metal ions in a suitable buffer medium were studied. The resins were found to be selective for Cu(II) leading to its separation from a mixture of Cu(II) and Ni(II). © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 967–981, 2000     

Synthetic resins. XIII. Synthesis and characterization of the resins derived from quinacetophenone/substituted benzoic acid/furfuraldehyde

Some resins have been synthesized by reacting quinacetophenone with substituted benzoic acids and furfuraldehyde in the presence of basic catalysts. The resins have been characterized by IR spectra of the characteristic groups. The number average molecular weights of the resins have been evaluated by the conductance method. The solubility and viscosity behaviors of the resin copolymers have been determined. Cu⁺², Ni⁺², Co⁺², Mn⁺², and Mg⁺² chelates have been prepared. The resins were shown to be selective ion-exchange resins for certain metal ions. A batch equilibrium method was used for studying the selectivity of the metal ions. The thermal behavior of the resins has been determined and the values of energy of activation of the resins were computed by using the Freeman–Anderson and Broido methods. The biological assays of some of the resin copolymers were found to be highly sensitive.     

A diamino based resin modified silica composite for the selective recovery of tungsten from wastewater

A new adsorbent was developed by synthesizing 1,8‐diaminonaphthalene formaldehyde resin (DANFR) and coating it over the surface of silica gels. The silica composite was then treated with HCl for the activation of binding sites (?NH₃⁺Cl^?) on its surface. The structure of DANFR and its coating over the silanols were thoroughly characterized. Further, the adsorbent was applied to remove tungsten (W) from printed circuit board recycling unit wastewater that contained various co‐metal ions such as Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Pb²⁺, NH₄⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Mn²⁺. The selective removal was achieved due to the anion exchange mechanism of Cl^? with W(VI) while other cations get repelled from the surface (?NH₃⁺) of the DANFR‐silica composite. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies, Raman spectra and overlay chromatograms of ion chromatography demonstrated selective separation of WO₄^2? species from the wastewater. A removal capacity of 55.32 mg g^?1 for W(VI) was achieved from the wastewater within 45 min of reaction (pH ca 6.0). Simultaneous treatment with neat aqueous solution of W brings out 63.27 mg g^?1 of W(VI) removal. Finally, recovery of WO₄^2? ions and regeneration of the adsorbent were carried out by using alkaline solution which demonstrated successful desorption, as investigated by using ion chromatography. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

Studies on the effect of epoxide equivalent weight of epoxy resins on thermal,mechanical, and chemical characteristics of vinyl ester resins

Three samples of vinyl ester resins (VERs) were synthesized using bisphenol‐A‐based epoxy resins of varying epoxide equivalent weights (EEW) and acrylic acid in presence of triphenylphosphine as a catalyst at 80 ± 2°C. The cresyl glycidyl ether was used as reactive diluent during the synthesis of VERs. A suitable reaction mechanism was proposed and discussed for the reactions involving epoxide group and acid groups. This was further confirmed by infrared spectroscopic analysis. The maximum peak temperature from DSC were at 106.05°C, 114.20°C, and 128.86°C for benzoyl peroxide initiated VERs viz. samples V₁C_V, V₂C_V, and V₃C_V, respectively, increased with the increase of EEW of the parent epoxy resin. It has also been found that the films of VER having highest EEW of bisphenol‐A epoxy resin showed best chemical resistance amongst all other VERs in this study. The mechanical properties such as hardness and flexibility also showed a similar trend. The thermal stability was found to decrease with the increase of EEW of bisphenol‐A epoxy resin in the VERs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

13C‐NMR, 13C‐13C gCOSY,and ESI‐MS characterization of ether‐bridged condensation products in N,N′‐dimethylurea‐formaldehyde systems

The reaction of urea with formaldehyde is the basis for the production of urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resins which are widely applied in the wood industry. The presence of ether‐bridged condensation products in the UF resin reaction system is an open question in the literature. It is addressed in the present work. The N,N′‐dimethylurea‐formaldehyde model system was studied since it is chemically similar to the UF resin reaction system but allows for a simple elucidation of all reaction products. It was analyzed by ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopy and ESI‐MS. In corresponding NMR and MS spectra, peaks due to methoxymethylenebis(dimethyl)urea and its hemiformal were observed. ¹³C‐¹³C gCOSY analysis was conducted using labeled ¹³C‐formaldehyde. The correlation spectra showed evidence for an ether‐bridged compound and mass spectra exhibited peaks agreeing with labeled methoxymethylenebis(dimethyl)urea and its hemiformal. Methoxymethylenebis(dimethyl)urea was characterized in N,N′‐dimethylurea‐formaldehyde systems in acidic and slightly basic media. As urea is very similar to N,N′‐dimethylurea, the results of this work strengthen the assumption that ether‐bridged condensation products are likely to form in UF resins. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Investigation of the postcure reaction and surface energy of epoxy resins using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and contact‐angle measurements

Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) was used to investigate correlations between the molecular changes and postcuring reaction on the surface of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F based epoxy resin cured with two different amine‐based hardeners. The aim of this work was to present a proof of concept that ToF‐SIMS has the ability to provide information regarding the reaction steps, path, and mechanism for organic reactions in general and for epoxy resin curing and postcuring reactions in particular. Contact‐angle measurements were taken for the cured and postcured epoxy resins to correlate changes in the surface energy with the molecular structure of the surface. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the ToF‐SIMS positive spectra explained the variance in the molecular information, which was related to the resin curing and postcuring reactions with different hardeners and to the surface energy values. The first principal component captured information related to the chemical phenomena of the curing reaction path, branching, and network density based on changes in the relative ion density of the aliphatic hydrocarbon and the C₇H₇O⁺ positive ions. The second principal component captured information related to the difference in the surface energy, which was correlated to the difference in the relative intensity of the C_xH_yN_z⁺ ions of the samples. PCA of the negative spectra provided insight into the extent of consumption of the hardener molecules in the curing and postcuring reactions of both systems based on the relative ion intensity of the nitrogen‐containing negative ions and showed molecular correlations with the sample surface energy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

ToF‐SIMS investigation of epoxy resin curing reaction at different resin to hardener ratios

Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) and principal components analysis (PCA) were used to analyze diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF) epoxy resin blend cured with isophorone diamine (IPD) hardener at different resin to hardener ratios. The aim was to establish correlations between the hardener concentration and the nature and progress of the crosslinking reaction. Insights into the cured resin structure revealed using ToF‐SIMS are discussed. Three sets of significant secondary ions have been identified by PCA. Secondary ions such as C₁₄H₇O⁺, CHO⁺, CH₃O⁺, and C₂₁H₂₄O₄⁺ showed variance related to the completion of the curing reaction. Relative intensities of C_xH_yN_z⁺ ions in the cured resin samples are indicative of the un‐reacted and partially reacted hardener molecules, and are found to be proportional to the resin to hardener mixing ratio. The relative ion intensities of the aliphatic hydrocarbon ions are shown to relate to the cured resin crosslinking density. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Synthesis of a novolac‐based 3‐aminopropylsiloxane resin and its application for the removal of Cu2+, Cr3+, and Ni2+ from electroplating wastewater

Novolac resin was modified with 3‐aminopropyltrimthoxysilane to obtain phenol‐formaldehyde‐aminopropylsiloxane resin (PF‐APS). Fourier transformation infra‐red spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, and pH‐metric titration were used to characterize PF‐APS. Its chemical formula was suggested to be C₁₄H_12.49N_0.1O₂Si_0.1. The resin shows high experimental metal ions uptake capacity within short time of equilibration. The metal capacity was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry to be 0.787 mEq Cu/g. Maximum separation efficiencies of Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺, and Ni²⁺ from aqueous solutions on PF‐APS were at pH 8.0 and time of stirring 60 min; 94.0%, 90.8%, 83.2%, respectively. No significant interference from the background ions Na⁺, Cl^?, and was observed on the separation process. The heavy metal ions were eluted using 0.01 mol L^?1 EDTA at 65°C releasing >94% of the separated metal ions. The method of separation was applied successfully to remove the heavy metal ions Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺, and Ni²⁺ from electroplating wastewater from Dekirnis, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40993.     

Chelation ion‐exchange study of copolymer resin derived from 8‐hydroxyquinoline 5‐sulphonic acid,oxamide, and formaldehyde

Copolymers (8‐HQ5‐SAOF) were synthesized by the condensation of 8‐hydroxyquinoline 5‐sulphonic acid (8‐HQ5‐SA) and oxamide (O) with formaldehyde (F) in the presence of acid catalyst. Four different copolymers were synthesized by using varied molar proportion of the reacting monomers. Copolymer resin composition has been determined on the basis of their elemental analysis and average molecular weights of these resins were determined by conductometric titration in nonaqueous medium. Viscometric measurement in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) has been carried out with a view to ascertain the characteristic functions and constants. Electronic spectra, FTIR, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were studied to elucidate the structures. The newly synthesized copolymer proved to be a selective chelating ion‐exchange copolymer for certain metals. The chelating ion‐exchange properties of this synthesized copolymer was studied for different metal ions such as Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺. A batch equilibrium method was used in the study of the selectivity of metal ion uptake involving the measurements of the distribution of a given metal ion between the copolymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion only for representative copolymer 8‐HQ5‐SAOF‐I due to economy of space. The study was carried out over a wide pH range, shaking time, and in media of various ionic strengths. The copolymer showed a higher selectivity for Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, and Ni²⁺ ions than for Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ ions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Synthesis,characterization, metal sorption,and biological activity of poly(N‐heterocylic acrylamide)

N‐heterocyclic acrylamide monomers were prepared and then transferred to the corresponding polymers to be used as an efficient chelating agent. Polymers reacted with metal nitrate salts (Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺_, Mg²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺_, Fe²⁺) at 150°C to give metal‐polymer complexes. The selectivity of the metal ions using prepared polymers from an aqueous mixture containing different metal ion sreflected that the polymer having thiazolyl moiety more selective than that containing imidazolyl or pyridinyl moieties. Ion selectivity of poly[N‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)acrylamide] showed higher selectivity to many ions e.g. Fe³⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cu²⁺. While, that of poly[N‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)acrylamide] is found to be high selective to Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ only. Energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements, morphology of the polymers and their metallopolymer complexes, thermal analysis and antimicrobial activity were studied. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42712.