Anionic coloration of acrylic fibre. Part 1: Efficient pretreatment and dyeing with acid dyes

Anionic dyeable acrylic fibre has been obtained by a viable and efficient pretreatment process using hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of acetate salt. The chemical modification relies on an amidoximation reaction that partially converts cyano groups present in the fibre to amidoxime groups. Different factors that may affect the pretreatment process have been investigated. The pretreated fabrics were dyed with CI Acid Red 1 and CI Acid Green 16 and gave improved dyeability over untreated fabrics due to the ion–ion interactions between the sulphonic groups present in the dye molecules and the protonated amino groups present in the fibres. The treated dyed fabrics also showed excellent fastness properties. Fibre characterisation (nitrogen content, tensile strength, shrinkage, infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction) proved the success of the amidoximation reaction.     

Preparation of cationic polyurethane and its application to acrylic fabrics

The cationic aqueous polyurethane (CAPU) coatings were prepared by reacting isophoron diisocyanate with quaternized diethanolamine (DEA) and poly(ethylene glycol) of two different molecular weights (M_n = 600 and 1000 g/mol; CAPU₆₀₀ and CAPU₁₀₀₀). The quaternization of DEA and the formation of cationic polyurethane were investigated by Fourier transform infrared analysis. The pilling resistance and the antimicrobial property of the coated acrylic fabric were also studied. Obtained results showed that the pilling resistance of the treated fabrics increased with the increase in the concentration of the used CAPU. The acrylic fabrics treated with CAPU₁₀₀₀ shows higher value of pilling resistance, even at lower concentration in comparison with CAPU₆₀₀. The higher the curing temperature is, the higher the pilling resistance, fabric roughness, and yellowness of the treated acrylic fabrics are. The untreated fabric showed no antimicrobial property, while the treated fabrics with CAPU showed superior antimicrobial properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Plasma-induced hydrogel grafting of vinyl monomers on polypropylene

Polypropylene (PP) film was plasma-treated using a 13.56 MHz direct plasma with argon, nitrogen, and oxygen as the plasma-forming gases. The three gases induced very different changes on the PP film surface, which were studied using contact angle measurements. Because of its degrading and oxidative effect, oxygen plasma pretreatment was not used for the homogeneous grafting of acrylic acid and acrylamide. Nitrogen plasma treatment did not lead to the formation of stable peroxides on the film surface and did not undergo grafting reactions. This may be due to the types of radicals and functional groups created on the surface during the plasma treatment. Finally, argon plasma pretreatment was found to be the most effective for the grafting of vinyl monomers. The amount of grafted poly(acrylic acid) was shown to be proportional to the concentration of peroxides created by argon plasma treatment.     

双组分水性丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂料的改性及影响因素研究进展

介绍了用于双组分水性聚氨酯涂料的羟基丙烯酸酯树脂分散体(A组分)和多异氰酸酯(B组分)的改性进展;综述了丙烯酸酯树脂分散体的活性基、酸值、羟值、玻璃化温度Tg、中和剂、中和度、溶剂以及多异氰酸酯等因素对双组分水性丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂料性能的影响;提出了双组分水性丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂料的发展趋势。     

聚氨酯丙烯酸酯涂料的性能研究

合成了具有不同玻璃化温度、羟值、酸值和相对分子质量的羟基丙烯酸树脂,并采用HDI多异氰酸酯作为固化剂,研究了羟基丙烯酸树脂对双组分聚氨酯涂料性能的影响,结果表明:玻璃化温度、羟值和酸值对聚氨酯涂料的适用期、干燥时间、漆膜硬度、凝胶率等有较大影响;相对分子质量对这些性能的影响较小;漆膜中苯乙烯含量越高,漆膜耐候性越差.     

Comparison of properties of acrylic–polyurethane hybrid emulsions prepared by batch and semibatch processes with monomer emulsion feed

Aqueous acrylic–polyurethane hybrid emulsions were prepared by batch and semibatch polymerization of acrylic monomer mixtures (butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid) in the presence of polyurethane dispersion. The acrylic component was introduced in the monomer emulsion feed. The weight ratio between acrylic and polyurethane components was varied to obtain different emulsion properties, microphase structure and mechanical film properties. Scanning electron microscopy, average particle size and molecular weight measurements were performed to characterize the latex systems. Mechanical properties were examined by measuring Koenig hardnesses of dried films. The average particle size increased with the acrylic/polyurethane ratio. Particles of larger than average size and, to some extent, higher than average molecular weights by batch process were formed. Koenig hardnesses decreased with increasing acrylic/polyurethane ratio. Properties of emulsions synthesized by semibatch processes were compared with the results reported for a different polyurethane dispersion. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

水性聚氨酯与丙烯酸酯共聚乳液的研究

用乳液聚合的方法 ,制备出了具有核壳结构的水性聚氨酯与丙烯酸酯共聚乳液 (PUA乳液 ) ,对PUA的性能进行了初步的研究。结果表明 ,丙烯酸酯的用量对吸水率、热性能和机械性能产生重要的影响     

Glossy topcoat exterior paint formulations using water-based polyurethane/acrylic hybrid binders

The development of glossy topcoat one-pot exterior paint formulations using water-based polyurethane/acrylates hybrid binders as well as the assessment of its properties through different conventional tests is discussed in this work. Polyurethane (PU) anionomer having 2-ethoxymethacrylate terminal groups was prepared following a prepolymer mixing process. This prepolymer was chain extended in aqueous solution and after addition of acrylic monomers radical polymerized. Paints were prepared using titanium dioxide as unique pigment. Panels coated with air-dried paints with three pigment to volume concentration (PVC) values were subjected to standardized tests including adhesion, flexibility, gloss and color determination. Accelerated weathering tests were carried out to evaluate changes in properties, especially gloss and color, of painted panels. Solvent-based acrylic and polyurethane paints were included as high gloss quality reference coatings. It was found that air-dried formulations based on hybrid polyurethane/acrylic with up to 50 wt.% of acrylic component, show a gloss as high as 70 and the relative gloss change after accelerated weathering test is lower than the pure solvent-based acrylic and polyurethane paints.     

丙烯酸/蓖麻油聚氨酯耐磨涂料的研究

介绍了丙烯酸/聚氨酯涂料的制备和性能测试工艺流程以及蓖麻油改性TDI制备聚氨酯、丙烯酸树脂和丙烯酸改性聚氨酯涂料的合成步骤。通过正交实验对羟基丙烯酸树脂和耐磨性填料———二硫化钼、氧化铬和聚四氟乙烯的用量进行了优化,获得了涂料的最优化配方(用质量分数表示):A组分:聚氨酯3%,醋酸丁酯3%;B组分:羟基丙烯酸1.5%,二硫化钼0.3%,三氧化二铬0.4%,聚四氟乙烯0.6%,混合溶剂5%,十二烷基硫酸钠0.12%,KH-5500.025%,二丁基二月桂酸锡0.0125%。所得涂膜的表干时间约为30min,实干时间约为36h。涂层的附着力1级,硬度1B。在3.3kg的载荷下,磨轮旋转1500圈后,涂层磨痕弦长6.5mm,说明涂料耐磨性优良。试样在质量分数分别为5%和15%的盐酸、氢氧化钠溶液中浸泡一周后,涂层无起泡、润胀和脱落现象,说明涂层耐蚀性优良。     

The structure and properties of acrylic‐polyurethane hybrid emulsions and comparison with physical blends

Aqueous acrylic‐polyurethane hybrid emulsions were prepared by semibatch emulsion polymerization of a mixture of acrylic monomers (butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and acrylic acid) in the presence of polyurethane dispersion. Equivalent physical blends were prepared by mixing acrylic emulsion and polyurethane dispersion. The weight ratio between acrylic and polyurethane components varied to obtain different emulsion properties, microphase structure, and mechanical film properties of hybrid emulsions and physical blends. Particle size and molecular mass measurements, scanning electron microscopy, glass transition temperature, and rheological measurements performed characterization of the latex system. The mechanical properties were investigated by measuring tensile strength and Koenig hardness of dried films. The experimental results indicate better acrylic‐polyurethane compatibility in hybrid emulsions than in physical blends, resulting in improved chemical and mechanical properties. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 67–80, 2000     

抗起毛起球腈纶的开发与应用前景

从织物起毛起球的机理入手,分析了腈纶织物起球的特点和主要影响因素,着重介绍了聚合改性法、纺丝工艺调整法、整理改性法等抗起球腈纶常用的三种制造方法。上海石化腈纶部选择在一定聚合配比条件下,采用纺丝工艺调整法进行了抗起球腈纶的研发。从研发结果看,产品无论在抗起球效果还是染色性能上均达到了进口同类产品水平,市场应用广阔。     

低温快固化丙烯酸聚氨酯涂料的发展现状

从丙烯酸聚氨酯涂料的固化反应机理出发,系统分析了树脂、固化剂、催化剂和环境因素对丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层干燥速度的影响,重点讨论了羟基单体的种类和用量、亚胺结构的引入、玻璃化转变温度、相对分子质量及其分布、酸值及分子链结构等因素对树脂反应活性的影响。通过对目前低温快固化涂料研究中存在的问题的分析,指出精确控制树脂分子结构是实现修补涂料低温快固化的有效途径。     

丙烯酸化工废水处理研究进展

丙烯酸及其酯作为丙烯的重要工业衍生物发展迅速,但是在丙烯酸及其酯生产过程中会产生大量的高浓度有机废水,常含丙烯酸、乙酸、甲苯、甲基丙烯酸等有毒有害的生化难降解有机污染物,难以处理。现有的工业处理方法主要有焚烧法、生化法、催化湿式氧化法等,虽然工艺成熟,但存在处理成本高等问题。本文综述了丙烯酸废水的主要处理技术及回收利用现状的研究进展。     

丙烯酸酯聚氨酯乳液涂料的研制

通过乳液共聚制得了丙烯酸多元醇，再和甲苯二异氰酸酯内乳化法制得预聚体，用二羟甲基丙酸进行扩链，制得丙烯酸酯聚氨酯乳液涂料树脂。该涂料树脂制得的涂膜的强度、丰满度、光泽、硬度等综合性能均优于传统的同类树脂。讨论了合成过程中各因素对树脂及其涂膜性能的影响。     

Studies on acrylic acid–grafted polyester fabrics by electron beam preirradiation method. I. Effects of process parameters on graft ratio and characterization of grafting products

Polyester fabrics were preirradiated by electron beam in air and then grafted by acrylic acid (AA) without excluding oxygen. Effects of preirradiation dose, monomer concentration, reaction temperature, storage time, sulfuric acid, and Mohr's salt were investigated in detail and are discussed. The results suggest that it is practicable and effective to graft AA onto polyester fabrics by means of the preirradiation method. FTIR and SEM were used to characterize AA‐grafted polyester fabrics. A new band appearing at 1546 cm^?1 in the FTIR spectrum implies that AA was indeed introduced onto PET macromolecules. Changes of the diameter and the surface structure of fabric fibers presented in SEM micrographs make it clear that a layer of grafted poly(acrylic acid) was formed on the surface of these PET fibers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3931–3938, 2003     

双组分丙烯酸聚氨酯自成型橘纹漆花型改进

采用以低羟值丙烯酸树脂配合快干聚氨酯固化剂,添加中等吸油量的惰性填料,使涂膜既能形成橘纹骨架,又不过度消光.并添加适宜的触变剂,提供假塑性,优选助橘剂,调节表面张力,协同造成橘纹.研制成花纹一次均匀成型、花型较大的双组分自成型橘纹漆.讨论了各种因素对涂料性能的影响.试验结果表明：配制的双组分丙烯酸聚氨酯自成型橘纹漆,一道喷涂可成均匀橘纹,且有柔光效果.     

环氧丙烯酸树脂改性技术研究进展

综述了近几年对环氧丙烯酸类树脂采取的脂肪酸改性、胺改性、硅改性、酸酐改性、磷改性、聚氨酯改性等各种改性方法及研究进展,为今后进一步改进环氧丙烯酸树脂的性能提供参考.     

Photochromism of polyurethane cationomers with pendent azo groups

A new polyurethane cationomer with pendent azo groups bounds to quaternary nitrogen atoms has been synthesized by polyaddition reaction between poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO), 4,4′-bibenzyldiisocyanate and N-methyldiethanolamine, followed by quaternization of tertiary nitrogen with 4-(3-chloropropionyloxy)azobenzene. E–Z photoisomerization of azo chromophores by UV irradiation with a high pressure mercury lamp and Z–E thermal relaxation were studied both in solution and film. An azo urethane model and a synthetic mixture of polyurethane cationomer with azobenzene were used for comparison.     

自交联型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯杂化体的合成

以聚环氧丙烷二醇(PPG)、1,6-丁二醇(HDO)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)及丙烯酸β-羟乙酯(HEA)为主要原料合成水性聚氨酯大单体。用该水性聚氨酯大单体为表面活性剂,用甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯(HEA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和交联单体等单体,以半连续乳液聚合工艺合成了核壳结构水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯杂化体。讨论了合成工艺对产品性能的影响。     

The graft printing of silk fabric in the presence of sulphamic acid

The effect of printing silk fabrics in the presence sulphamic acid has been investigated. Sulphamic acid introduces sulphonate groups into silk's structure and confers good resist properties for acid dyes on silk. An increased uptake of basic dyes has also been found. The light fastness of such dyeings was better than on ungrafted silk, being similar to values obtained on acrylic substrates. White and coloured resist effects have been investigated.