并联轴直线运动直线度的检测与误差补偿

通过采用Renishaw激光干涉仪检测混联机床并联轴直线运动的直线度误差,对直线度的干涉测量原理和方法进行深入探讨,提出一种并联轴直线运动直线度的干涉测量方法和误差补偿模型的建模方法。分析干涉仪直线度评定方法和算法,做出并联轴直线运动直线度双向平均偏差特性曲线,建立直线度误差数学模型。利用最小二乘法拟合得到直线度均值误差补偿模型。对并联轴直线运动直线度进行补偿,达到了提高混联机床几何精度的目的。     

混联数控机床虚拟加工系统的研究与开发

针对混联机床加工过程中干涉检查、空间刀具半径补偿及编程难等问题,分析了混联机床运动学逆解,提出了一种空间任意面内的刀具半径补偿方法,给出了干涉检查的判断条件。以V is-ual C++为开发环境,应用AutoCAD二次开发工具ObjectARX,建立了由NC代码驱动的混联数控机床加工仿真系统,实现了以真实加工条件为依据的加工过程实时动态模拟,预估加工的过程和结果,为检查NC代码的正确性提供了可靠的依据。     

3-TPS混联机床五轴联动加工后置处理算法研究

介绍了一种新型立卧转换式三杆混联机床——3-TPS（RRR）混联机床，并对机床的结构进行了分析。3-TPS混联机床具有工作空间大、立卧转换、五轴联动、五面加工等特点，并具有加工中心的功能。通过建立机床在实现五轴联动加工时的坐标变换过程及变换方程，给出了实现五轴联动加工时的后置处理算法及数学模型、摆刀中心的计算方法，算法简单、直观、实用，方程为显式。     

三面静压转台回转精度干涉测量与误差处理

介绍了激光干涉法测三面静压转台回转精度的原理及测量方法,分析了激光干涉仪在回转轴运动位置精度测量中的主要误差诱因;作出了角度测量中正弦近似误差特性曲线,并建立了该测量误差的数学模型,为机床的运动精度误差补偿提供了数据。经现场检验,该方案简便易行,成效显著。     

双转台五轴数控机床误差实时补偿

以双转台五轴数控机床为对象,建立各移动轴和旋转轴运动的数学模型,以工件坐标系为基础坐标系,应用齐次坐标系变换理论,推导任一时刻各轴运动在工件坐标系中的位置误差数学表达式.针对五轴机床的移动轴和旋转轴同时运动存在耦合的情况,提出一种分步实施的解耦补偿方法,即在实施误差补偿时首先进行姿态误差补偿,通过旋转轴的旋转运动将工件的实际姿态调整到与理想姿态相同,然后通过移动轴的平移运动进行位置误差补偿,并相应建立五轴机床误差补偿数学模型.通过仿真分析和对曲面零件的实时补偿加工试验,明显提高加工精度,并有效避免直接进行补偿加工过程中可能带来的运动干涉情况,从而验证该五轴机床误差补偿数学模型及其实时补偿的可行性和有效性.     

数控机床进给轴位置精度的测量与优化

数控机床进给轴位置精度对加工精度具有重要影响。通过使用雷尼绍XL-80型激光干涉仪测量某型数控车床X、Z轴的定位误差数据,利用软件分析得到反向间隙补偿值和螺距误差补偿值,并在西门子840D sl数控系统中进行反向间隙补偿和螺距误差补偿;两进给轴误差补偿前后位置精度的实际测量结果表明,其定位精度和重复定位精度得到了显著的提高。     

七轴混联机床机构干涉校验算法及工作空间快速校验的研究

在加工具有复杂曲面的工件时,同六轴并联机床相比,七轴混联机床的加工能力有所提高,能够快速加工多个曲面,降低由于多次装夹造成的加工误差,缩短加工时间,有利于充分发挥并联机床的优势。为了避免加工过程中出现干涉碰撞问题,同时确保整个工件都在加工空间内,提出并详细讨论了七轴混联机床的机构干涉校验算法及工作空间快速校验算法。这些算法对混联机床的设计和控制系统的开发有着一定意义。     

机床的几何精度和测量(上)

从机床的精度与误差、精度标准、几何误差分析等方面论述了机床误差形成的机理,讨论了机床静态几何精度、误差模型的建立以及误差的测量和补偿方法,提出了机床静态精度设计的基本原则,并对激光干涉、激光跟踪、球杆仪等新型测量方法和手段在多轴空间误差测量、回转轴误差测量等方面的应用进行了介绍.     

混联机床五轴联动加工时刀摆的非线性误差分析与控制

分析了3-TPS混联机床在实现五轴联动加工时的非线性误差,给出了采用自适应线性法减小非线性误差的方法。所得出的非线性误差表达式具有一定的通用性,可以对三维意义下的刀具包络成形误差进行估计。研制的3-TPS混联机床可以实现复杂零件的三轴联动（立式、卧式）,四轴联动及五轴联动加工。     

数控机床精度的激光干涉法测试与补偿

阐述用激光干涉原理以激光波长为基准测试数控机床定位精度,并用自动校准软件对机床定位误差进行自动补偿校准。     

基于线性回归理论的数控机床精度检测及误差补偿分析

为提高数控机床定位精度,需对精度的误差源进行分析及补偿。基于线性回归理论,采用激光干涉仪为检测工具,建立了BF-850B数控机床数据检测的精度检测与补偿模型,并根据各个测量点位误差特性进行分析,确定采用一次性线性补偿和多段式线性补偿方法;最后,结合具体的数控机床实例,根据得到的实验数据验证实现误差补偿,对定位精度的补偿效果进行了分析。结果表明:一次性线性补偿将X轴精度由4.853 1～35.025 0μm提高至-2.472 1～0.736 3μm;将Y轴精度由-14.425 0～-4.132 5μm提高至-2.481 2～0.752 9μm;将Z轴精度由-4.128 0～17.227 1μm提高至-0.501 5～1.324 5μm;多段式线性补偿将X轴精度提高至-1.364 1～0.484 0μm;将Y轴精度提高至-1.364 1～0.551 0μm;将Z轴精度提高至-0.412 0～0.495 2μm;补偿前根据数据分布的主要特点,采用呈线性或分段式对数控机床的系统误差进行相应的呈线性或分段式补偿有着很好的补偿效果。     

机械制造业数控机床几何误差自动控制

为了降低数控机床几何误差,提升加工精度,提出机械制造业数控机床几何误差自动控制方法。通过激光跟踪仪辨识机械制造业数控机床的几何误差,采用快速定位补偿算法与圆弧插补补偿算法相结合的方法补偿数控机床几何误差。利用计算机辅助制造软件生成刀位文件,依据刀位文件生成数控机床加工程序,通过补偿控制器生成数控机床各轴运动的控制指令,数控机床伺服系统接收控制指令后,自动控制数控机床各轴运动,以达到数控机床几何误差自动控制的目的。实验结果表明,采用该方法自动控制数控机床几何误差后,方向与角度的几何误差分别低于0.03 mm与0.1°,实际应用效果较好。     

FANUC数控机床螺距误差的检测分析与应用

Fanuc数控机床在我国数控加工领域占据着主导地位,它的精度和性能指标直接取决于数控机床的定位精度和重复定位精度。在实践应用中,数控系统的螺距误差补偿功能是最节约成本且直接有效的方法。利用激光干涉仪或步距规测得的实际位置与数控机床移动轴的指令位置相比较,计算出全程上的误差分布曲线,在数控系统控制移动轴运动时考虑该误差差值并加以补偿,可以使数控机床的精度达到更高水平。     

The detection of rotary axis of NC machine tool based on multi-station and time-sharing measurement

At present, the detection of rotary axis is a difficult problem in the errors measurement of NC machine tool. In the paper, a method with laser tracker on the basis of multi-station and time-sharing measurement principle is proposed, and this method can rapidly and accurately detect the rotary axis. Taking the turntable measurement for example, the motion of turntable is measured by laser tracker at different base stations. The redundant equations can be established based on the large amount of measured data concerning the distance or distance variation between measuring point and base station. The coordinates of each measuring point during turntable rotation can be accurately determined by solving the equations with least square method. Then according to the error model of rotary axis, the motion error equations of each measuring point can be established, and each error of turntable can be identified. The algorithm of multi-station and time-sharing measurement is derived, and the error separation algorithm is also deduced and proved feasible by simulations. Results of experiment show that a laser tracker completes the accuracy detection of the turntable of gear grinding machine within 3 h, and each error of the turntable are identified. The simulations and experiments have verified the feasibility and accuracy of this method, and the method can satisfy the rapid and accurate detecting requirements for rotary axis of multi-axis NC machine tool.     

Algorithm for detecting volumetric geometric accuracy of NC machine tool by laser tracker

Quick and accurate detecting the error of NC machine tool and performing the error compensation are important to improve the machining accuracy of NC machine tool.Currently,there are many methods for detecting the geometric accuracy of NC machine tool.However,these methods have deficiencies in detection efficiency and accuracy as well as in versatility.In the paper,a method with laser tracker based on the multi-station and time-sharing measurement principle is proposed,and this method can rapidly and accurately detect the geometric accuracy of NC machine tool.The machine tool is controlled to move in the preset path in a 3D space or 2D plane,and a laser tracker is used to measure the same motion trajectory of the machine tool successively at different base stations.The original algorithm for multi-station and time-sharing measurement is improved.The space coordinates of the measuring point obtained by the laser tracker are taken as parameter values,and the initial position of each base point can be determined.The redundant equation concerning the base point calibration can be established by the distance information of the laser tracker,and the position of each base point is further determined by solving the equation with least squares method,then the space coordinates of each measuring point can be calibrated.The singular matrix does not occur in calculation with the improved algorithm,which overcomes the limitations of the original algorithm,that the motion trajectory of machine tool is in a 3D space and there exits height difference between the base stations.Adopting the improved algorithm can expand the application of multi-station and time-sharing measurement,and can meet the quick and accurate detecting requirements for different types of NC machine tool.     

立式加工中心空间几何误差辨识解析及定位误差补偿研究

为大幅提升立式加工中心加工精度,满足当代数控机床对高精度的需求,针对立式加工中心3个运动轴,深入分析了其轴向运动空间几何误差,提出了可有效辨识运动轴轴向运动空间6项几何误差的辨识方法.建立了空间6项几何误差辨识模型,并针对关联轴联动垂直度误差进行了有效分析,建立了垂直度误差辨识解析模型.同时,针对3个独立运动轴轴向定位...     

Three-point method for measuring the geometric error components of linear and rotary axes based on sequential multilateration

The linear and rotary axes are fundamental parts of multi-axis machine tools. The geometric error components of the axes must be measured for motion error compensation to improve the accuracy of the machine tools. In this paper, a simple method named the three-point method is proposed to measure the geometric error of the linear and rotary axes of the machine tools using a laser tracker. A sequential multilateration method, where uncertainty is verified through simulation, is applied to measure the 3D coordinates. Three non-collinear points fixed on the stage of each axis are selected. The coordinates of these points are simultaneously measured using a laser tracker to obtain their volumetric errors by comparing these coordinates with ideal values. Numerous equations can be established using the geometric error models of each axis. The geometric error components can be obtained by solving these equations. The validity of the proposed method is verified through a series of experiments. The results indicate that the proposed method can measure the geometric error of the axes to compensate for the errors in multi-axis machine tools.     

基于直驱电机的旋转轴精度检测系统的研究与实现

传统的数控机床旋转轴运动精度检验方法存在精度低、检验重复性差等缺点,而先进的激光干涉仪也存在调整困难、成本偏高的不足.因此对数控机床旋转轴精度的检测进行研究,采用一种可实现高精度位置控制的直接驱动电机和PMAC运动控制卡为关键部件,组成对数控机床旋转轴定位精度检测的测量系统,实现了对混联车铣复合机床旋转轴运动精度的检测,分析了该测量系统的结构和测量原理以及测量误差源的产生,并提出了进一步改进的措施.     

基于激光干涉仪的旋转轴误差快速检定方法

为了提升五轴数控机床各旋转轴精度,解决旋转轴几何误差难以测量的问题,提出了一种基于激光干涉仪的旋转轴几何精度快速测量方法。该方法针对AC双转台和BC摆头转台的结构特性,采用旋转轴与直线轴联动的测量技术,可以避免传统测量方法对旋转轴中心的依赖性,推导了测量中直线轴转角误差与直线度对旋转轴几何误差约束关系,在保证精度的同时减少了测量过程中的设备安装调试时间,实现了五轴机床旋转轴转角误差、重复转角误差以及反向间隙的快速测量和补偿。对实际五轴机床AC双转台几何精度进行检定,提高了旋转轴的几何精度,实验证明该测量方法具有很强的工程应用价值。