老白干香型大曲的生产技术及工艺参数

老白干香型大曲以小麦为原料，经粉碎，粗细比为7：3；曲坯水分含量在30％～32％之间；应防止小麦生芽霉变，曲坯踩制拌料不匀、松紧不一，曲坯厚薄不等，轻重不一；曲房要清洁、卫生，配备温度计；卧曲、曲的上霉（挂衣）期、晾霉、潮火、干火阶段、后火、出房、大曲贮存等工序都有严格的技术和工艺参数要求，按其生产所得的大曲独具特色。     

用黄酒糟替代熟麦制曲的工艺

以黄酒生产的副产物酒糟为主要制曲原料，根据制曲原理和米曲霉培养生产要求，合理配入小麦、麸皮进行曲料组合，在工艺中采用原料轧碎，曲料上甑、曲料上甑、加热汽化、蒸馏取酒、扬冷接种、曲料入箱、通风制曲，制成的糟麦曲具有曲香浓醇，菌丝紧密、酶活力高的特性，试制结果证实，酒精替代熟麦制曲具有较的实用价值和经济效益。     

提高机制曲质量的探讨

在生产实际中,机制曲质量与手工曲相比,不够稳定,提高机制曲质量,可以以下几方面入手,：（1）轧麦,最好使用质量一致的小麦,不一致的小麦应选抖匀后再粉碎;（2）加水,可采用水箱定量加水,控制水分23－24％为好;、（3）输送,搅拌后的原料输送到成型段的距离以4m为好;（4）成型,成型曲块尽量疏松,以不散为度;（5）取曲块,取曲块的间隔以5块为好;（6）发酵,发酵保温时间稍延长,待品温达55度后再去掉保温材料;（7）碎麦屑的处理,单独保温发酵为好。     

全小麦固体制曲条件优化研究

以米曲霉作为菌种,全小麦作为制曲基料,以成曲的中性和酸性蛋白酶活为评价指标,全面考察了米曲霉曲精种类、原料粗细度、曲料初始水分含量、制曲湿度、培养温度和培养时间对小麦曲蛋白酶活力的影响。研究结果表明:全小麦制曲的最优工艺为焙炒小麦粉碎过20目筛、曲料初始水分含量为51%、培养时间48 h、培养温度32℃,控湿制曲(即0~24 h湿度95%,24~36 h湿度90%,36~40 h湿度80%,40~44 h湿度70%)。最优条件下大曲的中性和酸性蛋白酶活分别高达1583 U/g干重和497 U/g干重,较本课题组此前研究的最优工艺中性和酸性蛋白酶活分别提高了12.75%和4.63%。本文获得的最优小麦曲制曲工艺,可为工业化制备新型小麦呈味基料和调味品提供实验依据。      

用典酒精替代辅助系统的

以黄酒生产的副产物酒为主要制曲原料，根据制曲原理和米曲霉培养生长要求，全速配入小麦、麸皮进行曲料组合，在工艺中采用原料轧、曲米上、加热汽化、蒸留取酒、扬冷接种、曲料入箱、通风制曲，制成的麦曲具有曲香浓醇、菌丝紧密，酶省略高的特征。试制结果证实，酒替代熟麦制曲具有较高的衫价值和经济效益。     

花生粕酱油制曲工艺条件优化

以花生粕、小麦麸皮为原料制备花生酱油成曲,研究花生粕与小麦麸皮质量比、米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）As3.042接种量、制曲温度和制曲时间4个因素对花生粕酱油成曲中性蛋白酶酶活的影响,并通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化制曲工艺。结果表明,对中性蛋白酶活影响程度从大到小依次为制曲温度＞接种量＞原料质量比＞制曲时间。花生酱油成曲的最佳制曲工艺条件为：花生粕与小麦麸皮质量比8∶2,米曲霉接种量0.65%,制曲温度32 ℃、制曲时间24 h。在此优化条件下,成曲中性蛋白酶活为（2 493.67±7.70） U/g,酸性蛋白酶活为（596.84±23.12） U/g、糖化酶活为（29.91±2.63） U/g、淀粉酶活为（882.85±32.63） U/g、纤维素酶活为（11.72±3.69） U/g。     

浓香型纯小麦中高温曲的生产技术及工艺参数

介绍了浓香型小麦中高温生产的全过程及工艺参数，在制曲原料粉碎度上，曲坯中水分含量上及前工坯挂衣上介绍的比较仔细，并说明了重要性，为生产出高质量的浓香型纯小麦中高温曲提供了依据。     

谈传统工艺酿制甜面酱生产技术

甜面着又叫面酱，是我国传统调味品之一，又是制作酱菜的主要辅料。在制作酱菜过程中，甜面酱酿制质量直接关系蔬菜酱制质量。因此，面着的酿制是酱菜生产过程中一个重要环节。面酱以小麦面粉为主要原料，经制曲发酵酿制而成。甜面酱酿制可天然日晒，亦可保温发酵。制曲分为：地面曲床制曲、薄层竹帘制曲、厚层通风制曲和多酶法速酿稀甜酱（不需制曲）。曲体形状有：面饼（有大、小、厚、薄和不同块形之分）、馒头（或卷子）和面穗。我厂生产的“将军庙牌”甜面酱，先后采用地面曲床制曲（馒头或卷子形，不接种）、薄层竹帘制曲（面穗形，接…     

米曲霉全小麦制曲条件的优化

以全小麦为米曲霉制曲原料,蛋白酶活力为指标,研究了小麦焙炒时间、曲料初始水分含量、曲精接种量、培养时间、外加营养物对成曲蛋白酶活力的影响。结果表明,米曲霉全小麦制曲的最优条件为:焙炒小麦30min、曲料初始水分55%(w/w)、曲精接种量0.05%(w/w)、培养时间46h、葡萄糖添加量0.3%(w/w)。在此条件下,小麦成曲的中性蛋白酶活力可达1424U/g(干基,下同),与大豆成曲相当;酸性蛋白酶活力可达486U/g,较大豆成曲提高62%。     

从自然发酵小麦酱中筛选曲霉及制曲工艺研究

从自然发酵的小麦酱中分离得到4株黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus）和2株黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）,对其进行生理效价分析,结果表明,黄曲霉4号产糖化型淀粉酶和蛋白酶能力最强,且具有较强的产α-淀粉酶和酯化酶的能力,适合作为小麦酱制曲的发酵菌株。对其制曲工艺进行优化,结果表明,在接种量为4%,制曲温度为32 ℃,制曲时间为70 h的条件下,小麦曲的蛋白酶酶活力为549 U/g,较自然发酵制曲的481 U/g有较大提高。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press