网络时间服务器的NTP同步偏差性能评估

针对网络时间服务器的溯源问题,对其展开NTP同步偏差的性能评估.通过两种不同测量方法得到的NTP同步偏差分别进行评估,完善了网络时间服务器的溯源方法.实验结果表明,采用直接测量法测量NTP同步偏差的扩展不确定度为322.88μs(k=2),采用比较法测量NTP同步偏差的扩展不确定度为2.48ms(k=2).     

基于NTP的网络时间服务器校准方法探讨

为了解决基于NTP的网络时间服务器校准问题,对其展开校准项目和校准方法的探讨,给出了NTP同步偏差、定时准确度和定时稳定度等校准项目并结合实验详细阐述了两种NTP同步偏差的校准方法,实验结果表明,采用直接测量法的NTP同步偏差为10.25μs,不确定度为62.08μs(k=2);采用比较法的NTP同步偏差为139.75...     

模拟与数字示波器时间因数检定方法的差异与结果分析

本文介绍了模拟和数字示波器时基电路的原理,说明了时间因数检定方法的异同,分析了影响测量结果不确定度的因素,并对测量结果的不确定度进行了评定和比较。     

水流环境下温度传感器动态响应测量的不确定度评定

为满足核电快响应温度传感器的复验需要,研制了水流环境下温度传感器动态响应测量装置。分析了测量不确定度的来源,评定了时间常数测量结果的不确定度。通过提出微小时间域内电压示值与时间的线性关系,实现了不确定度由温度向时间参数的传递。对某核级快响应铂热电阻温度传感器的测量结果进行了不确定度评定,其时间常数扩展不确定度U=27ms(k=2)。评定结果表明:示波器光标读取电压和时间的分辨力是不确定度的重要来源,研究结果可为实验测量提供借鉴。     

二氧化碳排放连续在线监测过程的模拟与不确定度评定

通过搭建碳排放连续在线监测实验平台,模拟分析二氧化碳排放连续在线监测过程。依据JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》和JJG 640-2016《差压式流量计》等技术规范,建立碳排放量测量结果的不确定度评定数学模型,全面地分析测量不确定度来源,并对测量结果进行不确定度评定。结果表明:碳排放连续在线监测实验平台的扩展相对不确定度为5.86%,包含因子k=2,置信水平为95%,测量结果的不确定度主要来源于环境温度引入的系统误差。     

阻抗稳定网络关键参数测量结果的不确定度评定

根据GB9254—2008标准的要求,对于电信端口发射出来的共模骚扰进行测量时,需要使用阻抗稳定网络（ ISN）。ISN的4个主要参数为共模阻抗、电压分压系数、纵向转换损耗以及去耦合衰减。对于这4个参数的测量结果,现行标准中尚未给出不确定度评定的过程或结果。因此,根据测量过程,给出了这4个参数的不确定度分量及不确定度评定结果,该测量结果的不确定度可用于电信端口共模骚扰发射测量的不确定度评定。     

恒压法校准正压漏孔的测量不确定度评定

为评定恒压法校准正压漏孔的测量不确定度,建立恒压法正压漏孔校准结果测量不确定度评定的数学模型,分析不确定度各影响分量及其灵敏系数,由恒压法校准正压漏孔的A类标准不确定度评定及B类标准不确定度评定,计算出恒压法校准正压漏孔的相对扩展不确定度,并通过实验给出恒压法校准正压漏孔的测量不确定度评定示例。     

车速试验台示值误差的测量不确定度分析

文章从分析车速试验台的工作原理入手，建立了车速示值误差测量的数学模型与不确定度式，然后分析影响车速试验台测量结果误差的各个因素，对车速试验台输入输出量的测量结果作不确定度评定，最后得到测量结果示值误差的合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。实验结果表明．该车速试验台的不确定度评定能满足三分之一的量值传递要求，评定结果可靠、有效。     

原油输送钢管Rt0.5测量结果不确定度评定

为评定原油输送钢管Rt0.5的测量结果不确定度,以B级焊接钢管用钢L360MB为例,在WE-30液压式万能实验机上进行静载试验,得到原油输送钢管Rt0.5,然后根据实验结果分析其测量不确定度,并按照JJF 1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》对原油输送钢管Rt0.5的不确定度进行评定。     

双光束激光多普勒测速实验系统的不确定度分析

激光多普勒测速技术被广泛应用于流体速度的测量。为减小双光束激光多普勒测速实验系统的测量误差,依据计量技术规范JJF 1059—1999 中规定测量不确定度的分析步骤和方法,针对系统的测量结果,从数学模型和测量方法2个方面,分析了流速测量中不确定度的主要来源。采用不确定度的A类评定和B类评定,对测量结果的各不确定度分量进行评定,得到了测量结果的合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。     

Evaluation of Kalman filtering for network time keeping

Time information is critical for a variety of applications in distributed environments that facilitate pervasive computing and communication. This work describes and evaluates a novel Kalman filtering algorithm for end-to-end time synchronization between a client computer and a server of "true" time [e.g., a Global Positioning System (GPS) source] using messages transmitted over packet-switched networks, such as the internet. The messages exchanged have the network time protocol (NTP) format, and the algorithm evaluated, is performed only at the client side. The Kalman filtering algorithm is compared to two other techniques widely used, based on linear programming and statistical averaging, and the experiments involve independent consecutive measurements (Gaussian case) or measurements exhibiting long-range dependence (self-similar case). Performance is evaluated according to the estimation error of frequency offset and time offset between client and server clock, the standard deviation of the estimates and the number of packets used for a specific estimation. The algorithms could exploit existing NTP infrastructure, and a specific example is presented.     

基于NIMDO及光纤传递的高精度时间同步系统研究

针对公安交管部门对时间同步的需求,研究和设计了一种高精度的时间同步系统。该系统基于NIMDO进行卫星共视数据比对,实现时间标准向基准的实时溯源、实时同步,并结合光纤传输技术、精确时间协议和网络时间协议,向公安交管部门进行城域分级时间传递。通过对系统进行验证及分析,NIMDO与UTC(NIM)时间偏差测量结果中90.53%在±5ns以内,98.60%在±20ns以内;系统中时钟单元与时间标准的时间偏差在单纤双向传递时测量结果为-4.45~4.85ns,在双纤双向传递时测量结果为5.01~24.99μs,在采用网络时间协议时的测量结果为0.64~4.60ms。结果表明该系统解决了时间溯源和同步问题,可为其它领域的时间同步提供参考。     

Least squares timestamp synchronization for local broadcast networks

The analysis of computer network experiments strongly relies on event log files recorded by the participating network nodes during the experiment. Timing related issues play an important role here for a number of central parameters like, e.g., end-to-end delay. As each node uses its local clock to timestamp the events in the log files, the large deviation of standard crystal oscillator based clocks imposes some big problems. We look at this issue in the case of networks with local broadcast media, where occurring transmissions can often be observed by multiple network nodes. We have developed a method to correct the timestamps in such an environment in a previous paper. Here, we present a second solution. For this new solution, we give bounds on the synchronization quality and compare the two approaches by means of simulation.     

100 km光纤链路中小于100 fs分辨力的双光梳钟差测量实验研究

为了解决远距离光纤链路两端测量钟差限制在ps量级的问题,运用线性光学采样法测量钟差的基本理论,利用双光梳线性光学采样法完成了100 km光纤链路两端的钟差测量实验研究。通过梳齿压缩和色散补偿技术实现了光梳梳齿线宽和远距离光纤链路净色散量的优化,突破了高精度读取干涉花样中心时刻的难点,最终实现了高分辨力的钟差测量。通过时间间隔计数器与线性光学采样法测量光纤链路时延对比实验和100 km光纤链路钟差测量实验证明：基于线性光学采样法测量的钟差小于100 fs,能够有效满足高精度时间同步系统的要求。本研究为促进精密导航、高速通信和精准授时等领域的发展起到重要作用。     

Time synchronization using the Internet

This paper discusses a new algorithm for synchronizing the clocks of networked computers using messages transmitted over the network itself. The design is based on a statistical model of the clock and the network, and uses this model to define the parameters of a frequency-lock loop which is used to discipline the local oscillator. The design was tested by synchronizing a standard workstation to a time server located 1200 km away; the time offset between the clock synchronized in this way and UTC is 2 ms rms. This analysis also can be used to design algorithms that provide lower accuracy at lower cost.     

光纤网时间同步性能计量校准装置研制

为解决光纤时间传递系统中存在的远距离传递准确度低的问题,分析了环回法、双纤双向时间同步、双向波分复用、双向时分复用四种主流的高精度光纤时间传递方法的基本原理和技术特点,在此基础上研制了单信道时频传递装置。该装置采用电学相位补偿法实现频率传递同步,采用环回法与时分复用相结合的方法实现时间传递同步;使用1 秒脉冲（Pulse Per Second, PPS）和100 MHz共同标记时刻信号,其中1 PPS作为时刻粗标记,100 MHz作为时刻细标记,实现高精度时间同步。经实验证明,单信道时频传递装置的不确定度约为13 ps,能够满足现有光纤时频同步网计量校准的要求。该装置在多级时间传递同步、光纤时频同步网计量校准等领域中具有广阔的应用前景,为建设高稳定性、高可靠性和高精度的授时体系提供了重要技术支撑。     

Research on Time Synchronization Method Under Arbitrary Network Delay in Wireless Sensor Networks

To cope with the arbitrariness of the network delays, a novel method, referred to as the composite particle filter approach based on variational Bayesian (VB-CPF), is proposed herein to estimate the clock skew and clock offset in wireless sensor networks. VB-CPF is an improvement of the Gaussian mixture kalman particle filter (GMKPF) algorithm. In GMKPF, Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm needs to determine the number of mixture components in advance, and it is easy to generate overfitting and underfitting. Variational Bayesian EM (VB-EM) algorithm is introduced in this paper to determine the number of mixture components adaptively according to the observations. Moreover, to solve the problem of data packet loss caused by unreliable links, we propose a robust time synchronization (RTS) method in this paper. RTS establishes an autoregressive model for clock skew, and calculates the clock parameters based on the established autoregressive model in case of packet loss. The final simulation results illustrate that VB-CPF yields much more accurate results relative to GMKPF when the network delays are modeled in terms of an asymmetric Gaussian distribution. Moreover, RTS shows good robustness to the continuous and random dropout of time messages.     

Complexity Effective Frequency and Sidelink Synchronization Algorithm for LTE Device-to-Device Communication Systems

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is considered as a major challenge in the long term evolution (LTE) network wherein devices directly communicate with each other. One of the key challenges in D2D sidelink is reliable and reduced-complexity synchronization. To address this issue, a computationally efficient sequential detection scheme for integer carrier frequency offset and sidelink identity is proposed in the LTED2D system. To perform the frequency offset detection without retrieving the sidelink identity, the conjugate relation between two primary sidelink synchronization sequences is exploited, which facilitates the detection tasks of frequency offset and sidelink identity to be decoupled. It is demonstrated from simulation results that the inherent property of the sidelink synchronization sequences is effectively used for joint detection of frequency offset and sidelink identity with significantly reduced complexity, compared to existing estimation schemes.     

多路高速时钟生成系统的同步输出设计

基于TI公司专用时钟同步芯片CDCF5801，提出了一种多通道时钟生成系统的设计方案，提出的设计方案侧重于非对称布局条件下的多通道时钟同步输出，介绍了CDCF5801的工作原理，时钟系统的同步原理，分析了器件功率耗散对时钟信号完整性的影响，最后给出该系统的时钟输出仿真图和具体实验结果，系统时钟信号质量、同步效果良好。     

考虑多交叉口相互影响的干道相位差仿真优化研究

为解决传统相位差优化方法以相邻交叉口为基础,忽略了连续交叉口对应的多个相位差之间的内在相关性的问题,以连续交叉口的多个相位差为研究对象,建立干道车辆延误与相位差关系的神经网络模型,采用遗传算法求解。首先,根据调查数据搭建仿环境获取不同相位差对应的干道延误数据,基于此采用神经网络拟合干道车辆延误与相位差之间的关系。然后通过遗传算法寻找神经网络中的最优延误对应的各个交叉口的相位差值。最后,将本文优化结果与Synchro进行比较分析。结果表明,本文模型能够有效改进相位差配时方案,方案性能提升了22.27%。