氧化焙烧法回收废钒触媒中的钒

提出了回收废钒触媒的新工艺一氧化焙烧法，过程为：原料经磨细至40目，加盐在800－850℃氧化焙烧，水浸出，弱碱性铵盐沉钒，NH4VO3重结晶，NH4VO3煅烧分解，粉状V2O5产品（纯度＞98％）。工业试验表明，该工艺具有流程短，设备简单，操作方便，产品质量高等优点，克服了酸法收率低，二次污染严重，碱法工艺不顺行的缺点。     

新疆石煤料团流化床焙烧提钒试验研究

在一台小型流化床燃烧试验台上对新疆石煤料团进行了焙烧特性的试验,着重考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、流化风速、添加剂种类对焙烧成球率的影响,并对飞灰、底渣、床料进行收集采样,利用水浸、质量分数为2%的Na2CO3溶液、6%的H2SO4溶液、10%的H2SO4溶液对各种样品浸取提钒,研究了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、浸取方式对转浸率的影响.结果表明:采用水泥为添加剂,温度为930℃,焙烧时间为90min,采用质量分数为10%的H2SO4溶液酸浸,可得较高焙烧成球率和转浸率,钒总回收率约为55.1%,同时可有效回收石煤热能,用于产汽发电.     

红格矿深还原一熔分过程及钒、铬走向的研究

深还原一熔分固相还原后的金属化球团生产钒铬生铁是利用红格矿的途径之一．由于V2O5与CrO3,的赋存、分布以及冶炼过程中的走向基本一致,综合回收利用二者可一起考虑．为了提高钒、铬回收率,实现钛和铁的有效分离,通过单因素试验考察了在氩气保护下,配料的碱度、深还原一熔分温度和配碳量对熔分过程和钒、铬走向的影响．结果表明,当熔渣碱度为1.2,配碳量为0.5％,熔分时间为15min,熔分温度为1610℃时,渣铁的分离效果较好,且有利于钒、铬熔于铁相．     

含钒灰渣酸浸提钒工艺酸浸条件的试验研究

含钒灰渣中钒的酸浸效率直接影响了整个提钒工艺中钒的总回收率,同时,酸浸条件对钒的酸浸效率有着显著的影响作用.为获取含钒灰渣酸浸提钒工艺酸浸阶段的工艺条件,及含钒灰渣的酸浸特性,在对灰渣中钒的赋存状态进行全面分析的基础上,针对硫酸浓度、酸浸温度、酸浸时间和液固比等酸浸影响因素,在实验室分别进行了酸浸条件试验研究;分析酸浸液、酸浸残渣的成分,计算得到V2O5酸浸效率.试验结果表明:酸浸温度和硫酸浓度对酸浸效率起主要影响作用.合理工艺条件为:硫酸浓度为5.0～6.0mol/L,酸浸温度为115～120℃,酸浸时间为6h左右,液固比为2.5∶1～3∶1.在此条件下,V2O5酸浸效率达到85%以上.     

Nickel extraction from low grade laterite by agitation leaching at atmospheric pressure

This research work deals with the extraction of nickel from a low grade nickel laterite ore, taken from a deposit located in southwestern of Iran, through agitation leaching at atmospheric pressure. The assaying and mineralogical studies carried out on the nickel laterite sample, showed the 0.88% Ni, and principally consisted of oxide and silicate crystalline phases i.e. dolomite, quartz, magnetite, and goethite. Among numerous factors affecting such process, four major parameters i.e. temperature, agitator speed (r/min), leaching agents and their concentration were considered in a two-level full factorial experimental design. The agitation leach tests showed that the ore could be leached at atmospheric pressure with sulfuric acid while citric acid was almost unpromising. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using DX7 software was employed to identify effective parameters. Sulfuric acid concentration and temperature were the most effective parameters on Ni extraction. Furthermore, the factorial models for experiment responses were developed. The results showed 83% Ni extraction after 4 h leaching, under optimized conditions i.e. temperature at 95 °C, acid concentration at 5 N and agitator speed at 1000 r/min. This study revealed that factorial experimental design can be implemented to identify effective parameters on the agitation leaching process of nickel laterite.     

难处理高结合率氧化铜矿选冶联合工艺研究

采用选冶联合工艺对含铜1.53％、氧化率47.06％、结合率21.57％的高结合率氧化铜矿进行回收.原矿的砂光片分析结果表明,矿石中大部分铜矿物嵌布粒度极细,多呈星点状和不均匀浸染状分布,与硅、钙、镁、铝等脉石共生严重,导致浮游性较差.针对该矿石的特点,研究了工艺参数及流程结构对指标的影响,确定了“三次粗选—粗精矿再磨—三次精选”的硫化浮选工艺流程,获得了含铜品位为23.43％、回收率为53.72％的铜精矿.对尾矿的形貌及矿物组成表征发现：铜矿物呈细粒浸染状或被硅酸盐矿物包裹,导致这部分铜损失在尾矿中.在最佳的酸浸工艺条件下,对浮选尾矿进行酸浸试验,获得了相对原矿的浸出率为33.21％的试验指标;铜综合回收率为86.93％.     

Selective leaching of vanadium from V-Ti magnetite concentrates by pellet calcification roasting-H_2SO_4 leaching process

A novel method of pellet calcification roasting-H_2 SO_4 leaching was proposed to efficiently separate and extract vanadium(V) from vanadium-titanium(V-Ti) magnetite concentrates.The leaching rate of V is as high as 88.98%,while the leaching rate of impurity iron is only 1.79%.Moreover,the leached pellets can be used as raw materials for blast furnace ironmaking after secondary roasting.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEMEDS) analyses showed that V~(3+) was oxidized to V~(5+) after roasting at 1200℃,and V~(5+) was then leached by H_2 SO_4.X-ray diffraction(XRD) analyses and single factor experiment revealed a minimal amount of dissolved Fe_2 O_3 during H_2 SO_4 leaching.Therefore,a high separation degree of V and iron(Fe) from V-Ti magnetite concentrate was achieved through H_2 SO_4 leaching.Compared with the traditional roastingleaching process,this process can achieve a high selectivity of V and Fe,and has excellent prospects for industrial production.     

Simulation of solute transportation within porous particles during the bioleaching process

A mathematical model,accounting for the sulfuric acid and ferric ions diffusion and the copper sulfide mineral leaching process, was developed for an ore particle by considering its porous structure.It was simulated with the simulation tool COMSOL Multiphysics.The simulation results show that the highest acid and ferric concentrations near the particle surface are apparent,while the concentrations in the central particle increase slightly as the less-porous ore core with low permeability prevents the oxi...     

表面活性剂对磷钾伴生矿中钾浸出的影响

针对我国严重匮乏可溶性钾盐资源,而非可溶性钾资源却非常丰富,如磷钾伴生矿,因而探索从磷钾伴生矿中提取可溶性钾具有重要意义. 本文强化了磷钾伴生矿的酸浸过程,研究了在HCl-CaF₂体系下,表面活性剂对磷钾伴生矿中钾浸出的影响. 结果表明:阴离子表面活性剂可以强化钾的浸出,阳离子表面活性剂对钾的浸出未产生明显影响,非离子表面活性剂会抑制钾的浸出. 通过筛选得到较佳的表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）,其添加量为1.25 g/L,与未添加SDS的相比,钾浸出率提高了约8.5%,达到了98.01%.     

低钒铁水各元素氧化的热力学分析

针对攀钢低钒铁水成分,通过热力学软件Factsage对低钒铁水中各元素的氧化情况进行平衡计算分析。O2,CO2和FeO三种氧化剂,都能够使铁水中的硅、钛、锰、钒氧化进入到钒渣中,氧化顺序为钛、硅、锰、钒。三种氧化剂的氧化能力比较,FeO最强,O2次之,CO2最弱。氧化低钒铁水的钒渣的组分的最大的区别是FeO的百分含量,最少是CO2作为氧化剂时,百分含量为20.1%,钒渣的质量相对较好,所以能够使铁水中各元素的选择性氧化最佳的氧化剂为CO2。     

Process mineralogy approach to optimize curing-leaching in vanadium-bearing stone coal processing plants

The purpose of this study is to apply process mineralogy as a practical tool to further understand and analyze the reasons for low leaching rates in the curing-leaching process of vanadium-bearing stone coal and to find a solution or improvement to optimize the leaching index. Using vanadium-bearing stone coal with the V₂O₅ mass fraction of 0.88% as the research object, the effects of particle size, mineral composition, and sulfuric acid curing on the feed, intermediate, an...     

Cyanidation of gold clay ore containing arsenic and manganese

The extraction process of gold and silver from the gold clay ore containing arsenic and manganese was investigated.With the conventional technique,the leaching rates of gold and silver are 78.23%and 49.02%,respectively.To eliminate the negative effects of arsenic and manganese on cyanidation and increase the gold and silver leaching rates,a novel catalyst was added.The content of the catalyst used in the process was 8 g per 500 g org sample,the sample size was 60μm and the pH value was kept between 10 an...     

混合嗜酸硫杆菌浸出低品位磷矿的正交实验研究

以某矿酸性矿土中分离的嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌和嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌形成的混合菌为浸磷菌种、黄铁矿为能源物质、无磷无铁9K培养基为浸矿培养基,对混合菌浸出低品位磷矿石（w（P2O5）为22.8%）的浸磷条件进行了单因素优化和正交实验研究。结果表明,最优浸磷的适宜条件是,矿浆浓度为15 g/L,菌种体积浓度为15%,初始pH值为1.5,磷的浸出率为51.07%。     

Extraction of vanadium from stone coal by modified salt-roasting process

In order to reduce the pollution of Cl₂ and HCl released during extracting vanadium from stone coal by sodium chloride roasting, a modified salt-roasting process was proposed by adding calcined lime in roasting process followed by H₂SO₄ leaching. The effects of parameters including roasting temperature, roasting time, addition mass ratio of NaCl, calcined lime upon leaching rate of vanadium and curing rate of chlorine were investigated, and the effects of leaching time and leaching temperature on leaching rate of vanadium were also studied. The results show that the vanadium leaching rate and the curing rate of chlorine are 67.3% and 51.5% (mass fraction), respectively, at roasting temperature of 750 °C, roasting time of 4 h, 15% sodium chloride and 8% (mass fraction) calcined lime, leaching temperature of room temperature, and leaching time of 4 h.     

Study on hydrometallurgical process and kinetics of manganese extraction from low-grade manganese carbonate ores

In order to utilize low-grade manganese ore resources effectively, a hydrometallurgical process was developed for manganese extraction in dilute sulfuric acid medium, and the kinetics of leaching manganese was also investigated. At room temperature, manganese from low-grade manganese carbonate ores was extracted by sulfuric acid leaching without reductants. During the extracting process, single-factor analysis method was used to evaluate the effects of grinding fineness, sulfuric acid concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, agitation rate and leaching time on the leaching efficiencies of Mn and Fe. The optimal leaching conditions are determined as coarse particles of below 2 mm size (without ball-milling), sulfuric acid concentration of 0.86 mol/L, liquid-to-solid ratio of 5:1, agitation rate of 150 r/min and leaching for 180 min at room temperature. Under the optimal conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Mn and Fe are 96.21% and 13.35%, respectively. In addition, through the experiments at different temperatures, it is found that the leaching process follows the shrinking core model under the conditions of changing acid concentration and intermittent reaction device. Moreover, the apparent activations of effective diffusion and chemical reaction in the kinetic model are calculated to be 18.83 and 27.15 kJ/mol, respectively.     

长江淤砂提钪综合利用研究

对长江三峡库尾(重庆段)淤砂进行详细工艺矿物学研究的基础上，进行选矿富集，得到了品位为96．23g／t钪精矿；进行盐酸加助溶剂浸出试验研究，浸出率为80．65％；浸出液萃取提钪试验，得到了纯度为99．85％的三氧化二钪和4N金属钪．并对尾矿、浸渣、废液治理及综合利用进行探讨．     

Leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system

The leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system was studied. The effects of ore particle size,reaction temperature and the sum concentration of ammonium ion and ammonia on the leaching efficiency of zinc were examined.The leaching kinetics of low-grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system follows the kinetic law of shrinking-core model. The results show that diffusion through the inert particle pores is the leaching kinetics rate controlling step. The calculated apparent activation energy of the process is about 7.057kJ/mol. The leaching efficiency of zinc is 92.1% under the conditions of ore particle size of 69μm, holding at 80℃ for 60min, sum ammonia concentration of 7.5mol/L, the molar ratio of ammonium to ammonia being 2:1, and the ratio (g/mL) of solid to liquid being 1:10.     

风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸出液草酸沉淀稀土母液去除草酸的研究

通过草酸沉淀回收风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸出液中稀土后的沉淀母液,含有大量的浸取剂硫酸铵和过量草酸,直接排放不仅浪费浸取剂,而且会引起氨氮废水污染;直接用于回浸稀土矿,会由于草酸含量高而影响稀土的浸出,因此必须去除草酸后再复用。本文筛选了去除草酸的钙类去除剂,探讨了不同去除剂用量和陈化时间条件下草酸的去除效果,探索了去除草酸后回浸液对稀土浸出率的影响。对比氯化钙、氢氧化钙和碳酸钙对沉淀稀土后母液中残留草酸的去除率发现,氢氧化钙效果最好。生产上通常沉淀稀土母液草酸质量浓度都在0.8 g/L以下,较佳的去除草酸工艺参数为氢氧化钙与草酸的物质的量之比为2,陈化时间为3 h,得到回浸液中草酸质量浓度在0.08 g/L以下。回浸液中补加硫酸铵使其质量分数达到2%后再用于风化壳淋积型稀土矿的浸出,稀土的浸出率达93%以上,表明回浸液对稀土的浸出率影响很小,完全可以循环使用。本研究实现了稀土浸出液沉淀稀土后母液的循环使用,提高了风化壳淋积型稀土矿开采的经济效益。     

硼铁矿中硼镁铁的硫酸法共浸出研究

提出一种采用硫酸酸浸硼铁矿使其中的硼、镁和铁元素共同浸出的方法．硫酸酸浸硼铁矿时,主要是与矿物中的硼镁石[Mg（BO2）（OH）]、磁铁矿[Fe3O4]、蛇纹石[Mg3Si2O5（OH）4]反应．通过热力学分析,验证采用硫酸共溶硼铁矿中的硼、镁和铁元素的可行性,并考察硫酸浓度、液固比、酸浸时间和酸浸温度对酸浸的影响,确定硫酸酸浸硼铁矿的最佳工艺条件：硫酸的质量分数30％,液固比（质量比）8：1,浸出温度90℃,浸出时间120min,搅拌速度大约100r／min．在最佳浸出条件下,硼铁矿中的硼、镁和铁元素的浸出率分别达到99．0％,91．0％,92．9％以上,达到了硼铁矿中硼、镁和铁元素共浸出的目的．     

Techniques of copper recovery from Mexican copper oxide ore

Mexican copper ore is a mixed ore containing mainly copper oxide and some copper sulfide that responds well to flotation. The joint techniques of flotation and leaching were studied. The results indicate that an ore containing 19.01% copper could be obtained at a recovery ratio of 35.02% by using sodium sulfide and butyl xanthate flotation. Over 83.33% of the copper oxide can be recovered from the tailings by leaching in suitable conditions, such as 1 h stirring at a temperature around 25 ℃ with a mixing speed of 500 r/min, an H2SO4 concentration of 1.0 mol/L and a mass ratio of the ore-slurry-liquid to solid (mL/mS) of 3. The overall yield of refined ore after flotation and leaching is over 89.18% of the copper, which is much better than sole flotation or leaching. A copper product containing more than 99.9% copper was obtained by using the process: flotation-agitation leaching-solvent extraction-electro-winning.