唐钢2560m^3高炉炉底、炉缸侵蚀状况及机理

通过分析唐钢2560m3高炉大修时炉底、炉缸侵蚀状况,结合该高炉实际运行情况,探讨了炉底、炉缸的侵蚀机理,并为新建高炉提出了减缓炉缸、炉底侵蚀的相关措施.     

太钢高炉炉底炉缸长寿探讨

通过分析计算确定了太钢3号高炉侵蚀预测数学模型。为了保障高炉生产的安全,根据太钢3号高炉热电偶历史最高数据预测了炉缸炉底侵蚀状况。同时应用该软件分析铁水流动、耐材导热系数、死铁层深度和高炉异常对炉缸炉底的侵蚀影响,并得出炉缸炉底长寿的若干推论,对评价目前侵蚀状况和护炉及未来太钢长寿高效高炉的建设提出若干参考意见。     

包钢3号高炉炉缸炉底破损调查

对包钢3号高炉炉缸炉底破损状况进行了调查,并对炉缸炉底的侵蚀原因进行了分析。结果表明:炉缸炉底存在"象脚状"侵蚀,侵蚀部位在炉缸炉底交界处,侵蚀的最薄处炭砖残存厚度只有400mm,侵蚀了800mm;风口下方砖衬侵蚀较为严重,风口下方6层大炭砖环裂较为明显,环裂是造成高炉大炭砖破损的主要形式;炉缸自上而下的黏结物中都有碱金属、锌等有害元素的存在,有害元素大量沉积、渗透侵蚀和炭砖体积膨胀是3号高炉炉缸破损的重要原因。     

长钢8号高炉炉缸炉底破损调查及长寿经验

对长钢8号高炉炉缸炉底破损调查及长寿经验进行了总结分析。8号高炉一代炉役寿命9年10个月,单位炉容产铁量10640 t/m³,停炉后进行的炉缸炉底破损调查结果表明,炉缸与炉底交界处侵蚀最为严重,呈象脚状侵蚀,炉缸炭砖部分环裂,炉底5层满铺炭砖完好,炉缸侵蚀的原因主要是铁水环流、铁水溶蚀、有害元素侵蚀和热应力等。8号高炉这一代炉役的长寿经验:一是均衡稳定的生产组织;二是长期稳定顺行的炉况;三是及时采取相应的护炉生产措施,四是合理应用炉体维护技术。     

昆钢新区2500m~3高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀模型

为了分析投产初期高炉炉缸炉底的温度分布情况,以经典传热模型为基础,采用有限元计算技术,建立了昆钢新区2 500 m~3高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀模型。本模型以高炉开炉初期温度为基础,绘制出炉缸炉底温度场分布曲线,模型计算值与热电偶实测值相比,误差在-6.52%~+7.69%的范围内,表明模型计算较为准确。根据模型计算结果,提出了加长风口小套长度、提高鼓风动能和加大死铁层厚度等工作建议,为制定高炉合理的操作维护方针和完善高炉长寿设计提供重要参考。     

唐钢3号高炉炉役末期护炉实践

针对唐钢3号高炉炉役末期炉缸侵蚀后严重威胁安全生产的状况,通过采取了一系列护炉和技术改造措施,延缓了炉缸的进一步侵蚀,做到了在顺行的基础上护炉,在安全的前提下最大限度地优化各项经济技术指标。     

鞍钢鲅鱼圈2号4038 m3高炉炉役末期生产运行实践

介绍了鞍钢股份有限公司鲅鱼圈钢铁分公司2号4038 m3高炉的高炉冷却结构、原燃料条件和高炉侵蚀情况.针对高炉炉役末期炉缸出现的安全隐患,提出结合定向局部护炉和活跃炉缸的整体护炉理念.通过采取钛球护炉、炉缸压浆、堵风口、大风量和高鼓风动能冶炼、规范出铁操作、发展中心气流等护炉措施,并优化高炉操作,实现了高炉的长期稳定顺行.     

首钢股份3号高炉炉缸活跃度量化研究

为了量化首钢股份公司3号高炉炉缸活跃度以及分析其操作影响因素,通过炉底中心温度与炉缸侧壁温度的比值,计算了炉缸活跃度指数,并将活跃度指数与高炉鼓风风量、风温、喷煤量和鼓风动能进行了对比分析,明确了炉缸活跃度指数的影响因素。结合现场原燃料实际变动条件,探析了炉缸活跃度指数变差的原因。结果表明,炉缸活跃度指数与鼓风风量、风温、喷煤量及鼓风动能都呈正相关,且相关性较大,可在一定程度上作为高炉活跃度变化趋势的参考依据。另外,高炉炉役中后期,炉缸活跃度指数波动较大,更易受高炉操作波动影响。因此末期高炉更应注重精料和稳定操作,以提高炉缸的活跃度。     

4^#120m^3高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀分析

4^#120m^3高炉停炉大修，其炉缸炉底侵蚀形状较炼铸造铁高炉发生很大变化，研究分析炉缸炉底侵蚀情况，对今后护炉工作具有重要意义。     

宝钢2号高炉炉缸侧壁侵蚀原因及控制实践

通过分析宝钢2号高炉炉缸侧壁温度屡次升高的原因和操作实践的总结,证实铁水环流加剧是大型高炉炉缸侧壁侵蚀的主要原因.通过在正常生产中实施活跃炉缸操作、强化中心气流、控制炉底温度下降和加强铁口维护等操作方法,2号高炉成功地解决了炉缸侧壁侵蚀难题,效果显著.同时表明,加钛矿对维护炉底作用显著,而对控制侧壁侵蚀效果不大.     

Structural bonding contributions and the elastic response of b.c.c. and f.c.c. crystals

The anisotropic elastic response of body centered cubic (b.c.c.) and face centered cubic (f.c.c.) crystals is reviewed within the framework of general elasticity and particular model dependent relations. It is found that important trends in the observed behavior of specific groups of crystals can be reproduced by models that include only structural contributions to crystal binding. In fact, a very simple model, consisting of only nearest and next nearest neighbor interactions, reproduces the salient behavior, including the algebraic signs of Poisson's ratio and the orderings of the shear moduli, Young's moduli, and Poisson's ratios associated with major crystallographic symmetries. The analysis provides insight into the differences between the b.c.c. transition metals and the b.c.c. alkali metals.     

E. L. Thorndike and the immediacy of reinforcement.

The earliest reference to the immediacy of reinforcement in E. L. Thorndike's writings is found in Animal Intelligence (1911), not in Volume 1 of Educational Psychology as previously stated in an earlier article by L. T. Benjamin and R. Perloff (1982). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

E. G. B.: The early years and change of course.

Discusses why E. G. Boring left the laboratory to become the foremost historian of experimental psychology. The position of psychology in general and at Harvard in particular in the mid-1920s is examined, and it is concluded that Boring turned to history because he could not accept the current phenomenological or behavioristic approaches. The Zeitgeist had rendered Titchenerian structuralism obsolete so it was natural for Boring to devote himself to the history of the great sensory tradition. His inclusion of James and Freud among the "very great" psychologists showed his growth in appreciation of men outside the structuralist school. Boring's career exemplified the positive and negative interactions of eponyms with the Zeitgeist which he maintained was an essential factor in the progress of science. (19 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mathematics attitudes and mathematics outcomes of U.S. and Belarusian middle school students.

Two multivariate studies examined the applicability of the theory of planned behavior in gauging students' attitudes toward mathematics, as well as the predictive power of mathematics attitudes in explaining students' grades in mathematics. Middle-school students from the United States (N = 382) and Belarus (N = 339) participated. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the viability of the theory for both samples. The analyses revealed that between 25% and 32% of the variance in mathematics grades could be explained by the theory of planned behavior components. In fact, 17% of the variation in test grades could be explained by the theory of planned behavior over and above the effects of mathematics ability test scores. Mean score differences between countries were small (ds = .15 to .27), with Belarusian students scoring more highly on attitudes and control but less highly on subjective norms and intentions. The article concludes with discussion of potential interventions and the need to expand results to different age groups and achievement domains, as well as the need for longitudinal and cross-cultural research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Violence and U.S. regional culture.

The US South, and western regions of the US initially settled by Southerners, are more violent than the rest of the country. Homicide rates for White Southern males are substantially higher than those for White Northern males, especially in rural areas. But only for argument-related homicides are Southern rates higher. Southerners do not endorse violence more than do Northerners when survey questions are expressed in general terms, but they are more inclined to endorse violence for protection and in response to insults. Southern Ss responded with more apparent anger to insults than did Northerners and were more likely to propose violent solutions to conflicts presented in scenarios after being insulted. The social matrix that produced this pattern may be the culture of honor characteristic of particular economic circumstances, including the herding society of the early South. Consistent with this possibility, the herding regions of the South are still the most violent. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)