基于ETAP的电力系统低频振荡仿真研究

低频振荡是远距离、重负荷、弱联系的互联电网中常见的故障,目前抑制电力系统低频振荡最常用、最有效、最经济的方法是在励磁控制中加装电力系统稳定器(PSS)。分析了低频振荡的成因与校正原理,采用ETAP建立了以PSS为励磁系统辅助控制的同步发电机组及励磁系统模型,并以4机2区系统的低频振荡仿真模型进行仿真校验,分析系统运行方式对PSS的控制效果及PSS参数配置对电力系统低频振荡的抑制效果。为发电机组、励磁系统及PSS的设计提供了依据,同时给电力系统稳定性分析提供了准确的仿真模型及有效的PSS配置参数。     

电力系统稳定器(PSS)试验若干问题研究

电力系统稳定器(PSS)是励磁系统的一种附加功能，它抽取与低频振荡有关的信号并对其加以处理，产生的附加信号跌加到励磁调节器中，使发电机产生阻尼低频振荡的附加转矩，用于提商电力系统的阻尼。将电山系统稳定器(PSS)投入运行是解决电网低频振荡问题、提高电同动态稳定性诸多措施中最简单、经济前方法。对山东电网电力系统稳定器(PSS)现场试验中出现的跳机、PSS模型不理想、阶跃试验发电机有功功率波动不明显等问题进行分析，提出试验前后屏蔽白噪声输入通道、在励磁调节器配置通用的PSS模型、优化励磁调节器PID参数等改进措施，以期对电力系统稳定器(PSS)的使用和现场试验有所帮助。     

优化配置电力系统稳定器参数抑制发电机机端功率振荡

分析一起由于机械问题引发的发电机机端功率低频振荡现象,研究优化配置电力系统稳定器（powersys—ternstabilization,PSS）参数来抑制发电机机端功率振荡的控制策略的可行性,并在实际运行中进行验证。验证结果证明,PSS对提高电力系统的动态稳定以及抑制系统低频振荡具有良好的效果。     

基于小信号激励的多机PSS参数在线闭环整定

加装电力系统稳定器(PSS) 目前抑制电力系统低频振荡最经济、最有效的办法.PSS抑制低频振荡的效果很大程度依赖于参数好坏.传统的PSS整定方法都是基于PSS退出运行时测量得到的励磁系统滞后特性进行整定的.为避免PSS退出运行时对系统稳定性造成危害,提出一种基于小信号激励的多机PSS参数在线闭环整定方法.该方法在线施加...     

适应复杂电力系统多种运行方式的PSS优化配置

低频振荡的抑制是电力系统规划阶段和运行过程中必须考虑的一个重要问题。抑制低频振荡一般的方法是在励磁调节器上装设电力系统稳定器(PSS)。多机系统中，PSS的配置包括PSS安装位置的选择和参数整定。现有的研究工作主要考虑一种运行方式来进行PSS的优化配置，本文提出了一种同时适应系统的多种运行方式来进行PSS优化配置的方法。通过对西北电网三种典型运行方式的计算结果表明：为了获得更好的抑制低频振荡的效果，PSS的放大倍数不应限定为正值；如按一种运行方式对PSS的参数进行优化则对其它运行方式效果较差，而同时考虑多种运行方式，统一地进行PSS的优化配置则对各种运行方式都能良好地抑制低频振荡。     

抑制频率振荡的电力系统稳定器参数优化

超低频频率振荡是有功频率控制过程的小扰动稳定问题。由于负荷电压调节效应使得无功电压控制和有功频率控制产生耦合,传统用于抑制低频振荡的电力系统稳定器(PSS)可用于抑制频率振荡。提出了在多机系统中选择抑制频率振荡的PSS的方法,该方法综合了PSS对低频振荡和频率振荡的影响大小。构建了抑制频率振荡的PSS参数优化模型,该模型仍然以低频振荡模式阻尼比作为优化目标,但加入频率振荡对应频段发电机励磁系统相位要求作为约束,保证机组励磁系统为频率振荡提供足够的正阻尼。采用粒子群优化算法对模型进行求解得到PSS最优参数。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于广域测量系统的电力系统稳定器配置方案

近年来,电力系统低频振荡问题已成为制约远距离传输容量的最主要因素之一.电力系统稳定器(PSS)是抑制低频振荡的最有效措施,电力系统稳定器的配置方案成为研究的焦点.提出一种prony方法来研究PSS的配置,prony方法的输入信号是基于全球定位系统(GPS)的广域测量系统(WAMS).仿真算例表明,该算法能够在线辨识低频振荡模式,并且根据辨识结果配置的PSS能够有效地抑制低频振荡.     

电力系统稳定器PSS4B的仿真研究

现代电网中大量快速励磁装置的投入应用使得低频振荡现象日趋严重,造成对电力系统安全稳定运行的潜在威胁。新型电力系统稳定器PSS4B对低频振荡具有很好的抑制效果。分析了低频振荡产生的原因,介绍了PSS4B的模型、优点和参数整定。将PSS4B应用于四机两区域系统,并与无PSS、加装普通PSS的仿真结果对比,证明了新型电力系统稳定器PSS4B能够更加有效地抑制区域模式和本地模式下的低频振荡,从而提高电力系统的稳定性。     

多机系统调速侧电力系统稳定器GPSS的设计

低频振荡是一种不利于电力系统安全和稳定运行的现象,而电力系统稳定器(PSS)可以有效抑制低频振荡。由于励磁系统和电力系统运行方式及工况之间的密切关系,致使电力系统中PSS的协调设计和安装地点的选择成了PSS能否用于电力系统的关键。作者设计了一种调速侧电力系统稳定器,其设计原理和传统的PSS一样简单,且具有较好的鲁棒性,同时还具有多机解耦特性,给本机带来阻尼的同时不会给其它机组带来负阻尼,避免了参数协调和安装地点的选择。最后利用算例仿真验证了调速侧电力系统稳定器不仅可以抑制低频振荡,还可以提高电力系统暂态稳定性。     

复杂电力系统多方式下低频振荡抑制器优化配置的研究

针对现代电力系统低频振荡抑制问题,该文提出能适应包含电力系统稳定器(PSS)、灵活交流输电系统(FACTS)等动态元件中的附加控制器和可同时兼顾多种运行方式的多机复杂电力系统低频振荡抑制器参数协调优化的数学模型,它避免了大多只考虑单运行方式或只计及了PSS参数优化整定的局限性;并对该模型提出基于免疫遗传算法的参数优化整定方法.免疫遗传优化方法能避免现有典型参数优化配置方法的局部极值和收敛速度较慢等问题.新疆电网多种典型运行方式的低频振荡抑制器的参数优化配置结果表明该文数学模型和优化方法是有效的.     

Development of a new two-input PSS to control low-frequency oscillation in interconnecting power systems and the study of a low-frequency oscillation model

In Japan, large and small power systems were interconnected over time and thus ultimately grew into a large-scale national power system. A highly important stability problem arising from large-scale power system interconnections is low-frequency oscillation (about 0.3 Hz to 0.5 Hz) of interconnected systems. The ΔP-type PSS has been applied to all generators in trunk power systems as a measure to improve the damping of local mode oscillation (about 1 Hz). However, it is difficult for this PSS to improve the damping of low-frequency oscillation because of the hardware and the design of PSS control constants. Therefore it has become necessary to develop a new two-input PSS. This paper explains the development of this two-input PSS and the study of a low-frequency oscillation model. This paper can be summarized as follows:

• 1 (1) The effect of control over low-frequency oscillation is affected by the kinds of PSS detecting signals. The Δω-type or Δf-type detecting signals used for lead-phase compensation are suitable for this purpose.
• 2 (2) It is possible to cause low-frequency oscillation studies in a one-machine infinite-bus power system model with medium loads.
• 3 (3) According to the simulation of a three-machine and actual large-power system models, dynamic stability was largely increased by this two-input PSS used for generators.

     

采用广域测量信号的互联电网区间阻尼控制

在大型互联电力系统中，区间模式的低频振荡是限制传输能力的严重瓶颈之一，而经典阻尼控制(如PSS)因限于局部测量不能很好地解决这个问题。迅速发展的广域测量系统能在全网范围内精确测量和高速传递机组相对功角和角频率等量，使得采用广域测量信号构成全局性的区间阻尼控制系统成为可能，进而为提高互联电网的功角稳定性和传输容量提供了契机。文中在一个简单的2区4机电力系统中，研究了采用广域测量信号实现励磁控制器区间阻尼控制环节的设计原理、实现方法和仿真效果，说明了基于广域测量系统的区间阻尼控制能有效抑制区间低频振荡和提高互联系统的传输容量，而且可工程实现。同时就设计适用于复杂电力系统的广域阻尼控制系统提出了一些关键性理论和实际问题，以供进一步深入研究。     

定能电厂电力系统稳定器的试验与分析

电力系统稳定器（power system stabilizer,PSS）是目前已经被证实的最经济、最有效的阻尼低频振荡的手段,也是国际大电网会议推荐的首选措施。近年来,随着电网规模的不断扩大,低频振荡的发生也越来越多,于是各国及各省纷纷在电网中大量投入PSS装置,以抑制低频振荡,加强系统阻尼,提高电网的动态稳定性。为此,分析了定能电厂1号、2号机组电力系统稳定器（PSS）的试验结果,所整定的PSS对于抑制低频振荡效果显著,并针对试验中出现的问题,给出了PSS的一种改进模型。     

PSS与VSC-HVDC附加阻尼控制器参数协调优化设计

将含参数约束的线性优化方法应用于交\直流混合系统的电力系统稳定器和基于电压源型换流器的高压直流输电系统附加阻尼控制器的参数协调优化中。该算法考虑了不同阻尼控制方式间的相互影响和作用,在迭代过程中通过修正优化可行域区间,使系统低频振荡模式对应的特征根最终移动到复平面上期望区域内。系统的特征值分析和时域仿真结果验证了上述方法的有效性和实用性。     

免疫遗传算法在多机电力系统PSS参数优化中的运用

电力系统稳定器参数的优化对于抑制多机电力系统低频振荡具有非常重要的意义。运用免疫遗传算法对多机系统PSS参数进行优化,将免疫操作融入基本的遗传算法中,运用免疫二次应答原理有效抑制了参数抗体在交叉、变异过程中的退化现象,提高了寻优过程的收敛性和稳定性。算例表明,采用免疫遗传算法对PSS参数优化其收敛性、计算时间和稳定性方面都优于传统遗传算法,将经过参数优化后的PSS加装到系统中,不反可以克服低频振荡现象,而且使系统的稳定性大幅度增强。     

大坝发电厂电力系统稳定器(PSS)试验

分析了大坝发电厂电力系统低频振荡产生的原因及影响。通过对电力系统稳定器(PSS)进行的现场试验,论证了电力系统稳定器(PSS)在增加系统阻尼,抑制系统低频振荡,提高系统稳定性方面有明显的效果。     

Fixed-order controller for reduced-order model for damping of power oscillation in wide area network

The interconnected power systems are complex and stabilizing control design still remains challenging task. The use of wide area monitoring system (WAMS) offers an integrated measurement-based and model-based control, which suits to the operation of large electric power system (EPS), along with online analysis. This paper presents a study on fixed-order controller design for equivalent network of coherent generator in order to stabilize inter-area electromechanical oscillations in the system. Firstly, the coherent generators in each area of large EPS are determined by mutual information theory, which represents the dynamic equivalence. Then network of each area with input–output variables of the selected generator that participates dominantly is reduced to lower size by square-root variant of balanced truncation algorithm. The dynamics and important oscillation modes are verified in equivalent representation of each area. Finally a local controller (decentralized) in each coherent area and a centralized controller between two coherent areas for selected generator are designed by reducing the H^∞ norm of its closed loop transfer function as much as possible. These controllers feed supplementary control signal in addition to one fed by local conventionally tuned PSS. The decentralized controller for selected generator is fed by local bus power or generator’s speed signal. On other hand, the centralized controller uses difference of power flow/speed of generators as input signal to dampen the oscillations between equivalent networks of two areas. The simulation results reveal effective damping of power/speed oscillations achieved by designed controller with respect to conventional PSS implemented. The robustness of controller is verified for heavy and light load operating conditions.     

Time delay approach for PSS and SSSC based coordinated controller design using hybrid PSO–GSA algorithm

In this work we present a novel approach in order to improve the power system stability, by designing a coordinated structure composed of a power system stabilizer and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC)-based damping controller. In the design approach various time delays and signal transmission delays owing to sensors are included. This is a coordinated design problem which is treated as an optimization problem. A new hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm (hPSO–GSA) algorithm is used in order to find the controller parameters. The performance of single-machine infinite-bus power system as well as the multi-machine power systems are evaluated by applying the proposed hPSO–GSA based controllers (PSS and damping controller). Various results are shown here with different loading condition and system configuration over a wide range which will prove the robustness and effectiveness of the above design approach. From the results it can be observed that, the proposed hPSO–GSA based controller provides superior damping to the power system oscillation on a wide range of disturbances. Again from the simulation based results it can be concluded that, for a multi-machine power system, the modal oscillation which is very dangerous can be easily damped out with the above proposed approach.