铝合金零件半固态模锻的应用及发展

介绍了半固态模锻的实质及工艺过程;列举了半固态模锻铝合金零件的应用现状;阐述了半固态模锻工艺的优点。     

6061铝合金半固态成形过程数值分析

在热模拟压缩试验的基础上,对半固态触变成形本构关系及半固态流变黏度模型进行了研究并给出了相应的本构方程.采用DEFORM-3D模拟了6061铝合金轮毂半固态触变成形过程,进行了模具优化和成形力的分析.采用ANYCASTING模拟了两种铝合金零部件的流变成形,分析了模具尺寸、充型温度及充型速度对铝合金半固态浆料充型过程的影响,获得了最佳半固态成形工艺,并对铸件缺陷进行了预测分析.     

半固态7075铝合金流变压铸充填性与组织分布

采用倒锥形通道制备半固态7075铝合金浆料,试验研究了浆料的成形温度、压射比压和压铸模温度对半固态流变压铸7075铝合金充填性能的影响.结果表明,半固态7075铝合金浆料适当高的成形温度有利于充填性能的提高;压射比压和压铸模温度对半固态7075铝合金流变压铸充填性也有影响,压射比压越大,充填性越好.此外,采用倒锥形通道制备的半固态7075铝合金浆料组织分布较均匀,在后续流变压铸件的组织也均匀、致密,表明通过此工艺方法可获得力学性能较好的半固态7075铝合金压铸件.     

AlSi7Mg半固态触变模锻数值模拟及试验验证

借助Deform-3D软件,对AlSi7Mg铝合金工件进行半固态触变模锻数值模拟及试验研究。结果表明,坯料的温度随模具速度的升高而升高,工件的成形力随着温度的升高而逐渐降低,参数改变对应变没有产生明显的影响。最佳的工艺参数：模具温度为450℃,坯料温度为593℃,上模速度为15 mm/s。半固态触变模锻相比于高温固态模锻能够有效地降低成形力,试验工件的显微组织具有明显的半固态组织特征,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为98.9 MPa、175.9 MPa和6.52%。     

半固态A356铝合金流变压铸充填过程的数值模拟

建立了半固态A356铝合金浆料的表观粘度触变模型,模拟了米字型压铸件的流变充填过程,并进行了实际流变充填验证.验证性的流变压铸表明,所建立的表观粘度触变模型正确可行,可用来模拟半固态A356铝合金浆料的流变压铸充填过程.数值模拟还表明,压射比压、内浇道浆料的流动速度和浆料温度对半固态A356铝合金的流变压铸充填过程具有重要影响.较大的压射比压、内浇道浆料的流动速度和浆料温度有利于流变充填;流变压铸的内浇道尺寸对半固态A356铝合金的流变压铸充填过程具有重要影响,较大的内浇道尺寸有利于流变充填,对于米字型压铸件而言,合适的压铸工艺参数为:压射比压不小于30MPa,内浇道的流动速度不小于3.00m/s,浆料温度在595℃以上.     

流变压铸YL112铝合金的组织和力学性能

利用自主研发的剪切低温浇注式流变制浆工艺(LSPSF)制备浆料,在DCC280卧式压铸机上进行半固态压铸成形试验,研究了流变压铸YL112铝合金的组织和力学性能.试验结果表明,在浇注温度为620℃、输送管转速为90 r/min、结晶器预热温度为550℃、倾斜角为25°的工艺参数下得到的压铸件经过测试,压铸缺陷较少,力学性能优良,热处理后性能进一步提高.     

铝合金半固态压铸工艺参数及性能研究

应用具有不同厚度的简单板材模具来系统研究压铸工艺参数对A356铝合金半固态压铸件性能的影响,以优化半固态压铸工艺及其参数.试验结果表明,对A356铝合金半固态压铸,其性能随压射压力的增大而提高,当压射压力大于100 MPa,则性能基本上不再提高.压铸速度过小或过大会降低压铸件的性能.另外建压时间、坯料加热温度、模具预热温度以及脱模剂等参数对半固态压铸件性能也有明显的影响.     

半固态模锻ZL101铝合金车轮的组织与力学性能

采用低过热度浇注法制备半固态ZL101铝合金圆棒坯料,在200 T立式油压机上模锻成形铝合金车轮,研究了铝合金车轮的组织与力学性能.结果表明:低过热度浇注法制备ZL101铝合金圆棒坯的合理浇注温度为635 ～655 ℃,棒坯组织为细小均匀的等轴和球形α-Al晶粒,棒坯合适的二次加热工艺为600 ℃等温加热60 ～80 min.半固态模锻ZL101铝合金车轮组织由球形α-Al晶粒和α+Si共晶组织组成,经T6热处理后,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为211.9 MPa、318.1MPa和5.9％,表明半固态模锻铝合金车轮具有较高的综合力学性能.     

AlSi7Mg轮毂半固态流变挤压铸造成形数值模拟

利用半固态流变挤压铸造技术代替传统铸造来生产汽车轮毂。基于有限元软件AnyCasting和carreau表观粘度模型,对铝合金轮毂的半固态流变挤压铸造成形过程进行了数值模拟,研究了压射速度、浇注温度和模具预热温度3个主要工艺参数对半固态浆料充型和凝固过程的影响规律,并采用正交试验设计获取了最佳的工艺参数。结果表明,最佳的工艺参数组合为压射速度0.07 m/s、浇注温度595℃和模具预热温度225℃,同时得出半固态浆料的浇注温度对铸件缺陷的影响最大,压射速度其次,模具预热温度最小。     

合金温度对7075半固态模锻液相偏析的影响

应用DEFORM-3D软件对7075铝合金半固态模锻充型过程进行了模拟,研究了合金温度对7075铝合金杯形件充型过程的影响规律。在模拟的基础上,利用压力机及杯形实验模具,进行了半固态7075铝合金流变模锻成形,研究了合金温度对7075铝合金杯形件半固态模锻液相偏析的影响,模拟和实验结果表明:合金温度越高,充型越不平稳;在压头温度400℃、成形速度3.5 mm/s、成形比压50 MPa的条件下,随着合金温度的增加,杯形件的液相偏析度增加,组织越不均匀,当合金温度为628℃时,杯形件的液相偏析度为14.02%。     

挤压铸造半固态A356铝合金的组织与力学性能

采用低温铸造方法制备A356铝合金半固态坯料.在200 t立式油压机上用挤压铸造方法将A356铝合金半固态浆料挤压成件.研究挤压铸造件的微观组织、力学性能,并与液态挤压铸造件进行比较.结果表明,A356铝合金半固态挤压铸造件组织由球形及椭圆形α-Al晶粒和α+Si共晶成分组成,且制件充型完整、无宏观缩孔、组织致密.在比压48.7 MPa,浇注温度575℃,保压时间3s条件下成形的半固态挤压铸造件的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率分别达到278 MPa、225 MPa、13.2％,相比于在比压48.7 MPa,保压时间3s,710℃液态挤压铸造件性能分别提高了8.6％、8.2％、24.5％.A356铝合金半固态挤压铸造成形件具有较高的综合力学性能.     

Feasibility of semi-solid die casting of ADC12 aluminum alloy

The feasibility of semi-solid die casting of ADC12 aluminum alloy was studied. The effects of plunger speed, gate thickness, and solid fraction of the slurry on the defects were determined. The defects investigated are gas and shrinkage porosity. In the experiments, semi-solid slurry was prepared by the gas-induced semi-solid (GISS) technique. Then, the slurry was transferred to the shot sleeve and injected into the die. The die and shot sleeve temperatures were kept at 180 °C and 250 °C, respectively. The results show that the samples produced by the GISS die casting give little porosity, no blister and uniform microstructure. From all the results, it can be concluded that the GISS process is feasible to apply in the ADC12 aluminum die casting process. In addition, the GISS process can give improved properties such as decreased porosity and increased microstructure uniformity.     

涂料在半固态钢挤压成形中的应用

在半固态钢挤压铸造成形过程中,主要由模具型腔表面涂层承受高温半固态钢浆料的热冲击,从而降低了浆料对模具的热损伤,提高了模具使用寿命。根据半固态钢挤压铸造涂料的工作环境和特点,通过大量试验对涂料配方、配比、制备工艺、涂敷工艺进行分析研究,确定了诸因素在半固态钢挤压铸造过程中的影响。     

半固态挤压铸造工艺参数对制件性能的影响

简要介绍了半固态挤压铸造原理与工艺特点；着重分析了半固态挤压铸造工艺参数对制件性能的影响规律：最后对制件可能出现的缺陷进行了归纳分析并提出了相应的预防措施。     

基于AnyCasting的挤压铸造铝合金机座工艺研究

针对铝合金机座零件的结构和挤压铸造工艺特点,对原超慢速压铸模具的进浇方式、排溢系统、冷却系统进行再设计,使其适用于挤压铸造。利用AnyCasting软件,对修改前后的模具进行模拟分析对比,修改前模拟分析的产品内部缩松缺陷与实际情况一致,修改后的模具通过更改进浇方式,扩大排气槽及溢流槽,使气体在液流充填模具型腔过程中能顺利排出;并增加冷却水路来控制模具温度,保证产品在冷却过程中实现顺序凝固,进而消除产品的内部缩松缺陷。所获得的挤压铸造铝合金支座铸件组织致密,可进行T6热处理,力学性能接近锻件性能。     

铝合金轮毂连接盘挤压铸造数值模拟

采用ProCAST软件对6061铝合金轮毂连接盘挤压铸造过程进行模拟.研究了浇注温度、模具预热温度、比压对铸件缩孔缩松的影响.结果 表明,浇注温度700℃、模具预热温度300℃、比压50MPa为最佳铸造方案.     

Microstructural characteristics of near-liquidus cast AZ91D alloy during semi-solid die casting

Near-liquidus cast ingot was reheated to semi-solid firstly, and then a bracket of motor was prepared by die casting the semi-solid ingot into mould. The microstructural characteristics of AZ91D alloy in these processes were investigated. In the process of near-liquidus casting, primary α-Mg grains tend to be rosette-like because of the increase of plentiful quasi-solid atom clusters in molten alloy with the decrease of pouring temperature. These rosette-like α-Mg grains in ingots fabricated by near-liquidus casting are fused off and refined into near-globular structure owing to the solute diffusion mechanism and the minimum surface energy mechanism during reheating. After semi-solid die-casting, α-Mg grains, located in biscuit, impact and connect with each other; α-Mg grains, located in inner gate, congregate together; while α-Mg grains, located in component, distribute uniformly and become into globularity or strip. Because the inner gate limits the flowing of semi-solid slurry, and the pressure acted on the semi-solid slurry decreases gradually along the filling direction of semi-solid slurry in cavity, microstructural segregation of unmelted α-Mg grains appears along this direction. Shrinkage holes in casting are caused by two different reasons. For biscuit, the shrinkage holes are caused by the blocked access of feeding liquid to the shrinkage zone for the agglomerated unmelted α-Mg grains. For component, the shrinkage holes are caused by the lack of feeding of liquid alloy.     

Semi-solid squeeze casting process of a ZL109 alloy

The structure evolution of the ZL109 alloy in the process of semi-solid squeeze casting and the mechanical properties of the components were investigated. The results show that (1) the eutectic silicon phase in original billets is refined in the low super-heat casting process; (2) the eutectic structure in billets starts to fuse and the crystals of the eutectic silicon phase are refined further and sphericized in the remelting process of billets; (3) in the semi-solid ,squeeze casting process, the sphericity of the α phase and the refining of the silicon phase occur, owing to the friction between solid and liquid; (4) in the process of heat treatment, the eutectic α phase aggregates with the primary α phase and the eutectic silicon pieces aggregate together. The elongation of the semi-solid component after heat treatment rises to 1.42%.     

大平板类铝合金壳体铸件铸造工艺优化与设计

针对大平板类铝合金壳体铸件的外形尺寸大、结构复杂等特点，通过三维温度场数值模拟来揭示铸件的凝固过程。根据准固态力学行为和流变行为，进行应力场模拟，进而预测铸件在凝固过程中产生缩松、缩孔以及热裂和变形等倾向，合理地实现了铸件的铸造工艺优化设计。     

Microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of rheoformed wrought aluminum alloy 2024

The microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of 2024 wrought aluminum alloy produced by a new rheoforming technique under as-cast and optimized heat treatment conditions were investigated. The present rheoforming combined the independently developed rheocasting process, named as LSPSF (low superheat pouring with a shear field) process, and the existing squeeze casting process. The experimental results show that LSPSF can be used to prepare sound semi-solid slurry within 25s to fully meet the production rate of squeeze casting. The primary α (Al) presents in mean equivalent diameter of 69μm and shape factor of 0.76, and features zero-entrapped eutectics. Compared with conventional squeeze casting, the present LSPSF rheoforming can improve the microstructures and mechanical properties. An optimized heat treatment results in substantial reduction of microsegregation and significant improvement of mechanical properties, such as yield strength of 321MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 428MPa and elongation of 12%.