表面中毒C207催化剂的曲节因子

采用N_2-CO_2气体稳态法测定了表面中毒C207催化剂的扩散通量,应用平行交联孔模型求得催化剂的曲节因子,按平均孔径计算的曲节因子δ_F:未中毒催化剂3.65,中毒催化剂2.99至3.11;按孔径分布计算的曲节因子δ:未中毒催化剂4.17,中毒催化剂3.45至3.71。     

C207铜基催化剂常压甲醇分解反应动力学(Ⅱ)催化剂效率因子正交配置解

在内循环无梯度反应器中常压下测定了工业颗粒C207催化剂甲醇分解反应宏观速率,测定了催化剂孔径分布和曲节因子,获得了催化剂效率因子的实测值。探讨了计算催化剂效率因子的甲醇单组分模型和多组分模型的正交配置解,颗粒催化剂存在中心平衡死区。在相同反应条件下,催化剂效率因子模型计算值与实测值的相对误差的绝对值的平均值在11%以内,结果表明计算模型是可行的。     

多孔催化剂效率因子的多组分扩散模型 (Ⅱ)B109中温变换催化剂的效率因子

按照本文(Ⅰ)中提出的多孔催化剂效率因子的多组分扩散模型及其数值计算方法,本报计算了B109中温变换催化剂的效率因子,并与实验测定值进行了比较.测试了B109变换催化剂的孔隙率、孔径分布、曲节因子和常压下的本征动力学,并在内循环无梯度反应器中测试了常压下φ9.8×8.3mm圆柱状颗粒B109催化剂于各种气体组成和温度条件下只计入内扩散过程的宏观反应速率.由此获得十六种情况下效率因子的实验观察值为0.142至0.455,相同反应条件下模型预计值与实验观察值的相对误差为-0.25至0.06.比较的结果令人满意.     

SB—5型钴钼耐硫变换催化剂反应动力学的研究

本文对ＳＢ－５型钴钼耐硫变换催化剂进行了系统的动力学研究，获得了可信的本征动力学方程和催化剂的曲节因子，并在常压下测定了工业颗粒催化剂的宏观反应速率，所建立的内扩散效率因子模型的计算值与实验值相吻合。     

SB—5型钴钼耐硫变换催化剂反应动力学的研究

本文对ＳＢ－５型钴钼耐硫变换催化剂进行了系统的动力学研究，获得了可信的本征动力学方程和催化剂的曲节因子，并在常压下测定了工业颗粒催化剂的宏观反应速率，所建立的内扩散效率因子模型的计算值与实验值相吻合。     

反应条件下多孔催化剂上有效扩散系数及曲节因子的分析计算

采用CDS－810微反系统,在实验条件为：常压、氢苯比3.0-8.0、温度363.15K-453.15K时,进行了在四种不同粒度Ni/Al2O3催化剂上的气相苯加氢反应,利用实验数据计算了不同反应组成、不同反应速率时苯的有效扩散系数、反应死区及催化剂的曲节因子。计算结果表明：有效扩散系数不随反应速率改变,多孔催化剂的曲节因子可以看作多孔催化剂的结构参数,不随反应条件变化。     

铁铬变换催化剂物化性能研究

系统地测定了国内不同型号的铁铬变换催化剂在还原前、后的比表面积、孔容变化情况;测定了变换催化剂经不同处理后的比表面积、孔容、孔分布、曲节因子以及晶相结构等重要特征.研究结果表明,在铁铬催化剂上,用不同硫化氢浓度(0~500~2000ppm）半水煤气进行变换反应后,其比表面积、孔容、平均孔半径、孔分布、晶相结构以及曲节因子等,无明显变化。     

铜基催化剂孔隙率对气体有效扩散系数的影响

研究了18种具有不同孔结构参数的粒状铜基甲醇合成催化剂孔隙率对有效扩散系数的影响。结果发现，催化剂微孔孔隙率增大，曲节因子亦增大，扩散阻力增加。将孔隙率与催化剂曲节因子关联，得到了半经验方程，用它可估算催化剂的曲节因子。     

烃类转化催化剂以及碳纤维载体孔结构表征参数的测定

在害功能扩散他装置上, 用定压稳态法, 以CH₄、N₂为扩散气体, 在实验条件下测得了天然气蒸汽转化催化剂及碳纤维载体的孔结构表征参数曲节因子。在常压及30～500 ℃范围内, 催化剂的曲节因子τ值为1.8~3.5;碳纤维载体的τ值为(5~9)×10^-3～(5~9)×10^-4。由本实验数据计算得到催化剂的有效因子是:C119-02(η)=0.165，Z107(η)=0.207，Z110y(η)=0.208,川Ⅲ型(η)=0.215，C10(η)=0.223，CN-18(η)=0.299。文中对所得结果进行了简要分析。碳纤维载体中所进行的扩散接近对流扩散状态, 表明它是一种理想的催化剂载体。     

镁硅铁遇水放出易燃气体反应动力学研究

为评价镁硅铁合金在储运过程中的危险特性,采用遇水反应放出气体测定仪研究了镁硅铁遇水放出易燃气体的反应动力学.分别测定了镁硅铁合金在粒径为60目、100目、120目、240目和温度为20℃、30℃、35℃、40℃条件下的放出气体速率,总结了其遇水放出气体的反应规律,进而获得了粒度参数、速率常数、反应活化能和指前因子等重要...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。