花生芽培养条件优化及果冻产品的开发

研究花生芽果冻的制备工。通过单因素试验,分别以花生芽中白藜芦醇的含量和感官品质为指标,确定出最佳花生芽培养方案和花生芽果冻的配比组成。在浸种时间10 h,浸种温度30℃,发芽温度25℃的条件下培养的花生芽作为花生芽果冻的主要成分,以20%的花生芽、0.3%的柠檬酸、16%的白砂糖和0.9%的果冻粉的果冻配比组成制备的果冻具有良好的口感、色泽和组织状态。     

响应面法分析优化藻蓝蛋白色素提取工艺的研究

目的:探索螺旋藻中藻蓝蛋白色素的提取工艺。方法:以螺旋藻为原料,提取率为指标,研究溶液浓度、温度、提取时间、料液比、溶剂种类对提取藻蓝蛋白色素的影响,并通过响应面法优化提取藻蓝蛋白色素提取条件。结果:螺旋藻中藻蓝蛋白色素最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶30 g/mL,柠檬酸三钠浓度1.54%,提取时间6.72 h,提取温度18.97℃。在此优化工艺下,藻蓝蛋白色素提取得率为48.69%,比值达1.23。结论:该工艺提取藻蓝蛋白色素操作简单、提取率高,可为大规模生产提供一定理论依据。     

超声波辅助提取螺旋藻藻胆蛋白的工艺探讨

以鄂尔多斯螺旋藻为原料,用正交实验法优化了鄂尔多斯螺旋藻藻胆蛋白的超声波提取工艺,考察了超声波作用时间、超声波功率和液料比三个因素对螺旋藻藻胆蛋白提取的影响,确立了螺旋藻藻胆蛋白超声波提取的优化工艺条件:溶剂为磷酸缓冲液,超声波功率为900W,料液比为1∶8.5(w∶v下同),超声提取时间25min。结果表明,超声波提取螺旋藻藻胆蛋白的提取率为18.8%。同时对超声波提取进行了数学模拟,模拟值与实验结果吻合良好。     

螺旋藻保健果冻的研制

通过添加2%全脂奶粉,对螺旋藻进行掩腥处理;然后采用单因素试验和正交试验,研究以螺旋藻为原料,以果冻粉、蔗糖、柠檬酸为辅助原料的螺旋藻保健果冻的加工工艺。试验结果表明,该果冻的最佳配方为:螺旋藻粉0.05%,果冻粉1.0%,白砂糖8.0%,柠檬酸0.04%。     

辣木螺旋藻复合营养片剂的配方及生产工艺优化

利用辣木叶和螺旋藻这两种营养元素有互补关系的天然食品原料,制备一种营养更全面、比例更均衡的天然营养补充片剂。在研究辣木叶与螺旋藻营养物质组成的基础上,确定辣木叶和螺旋藻的原料配比,并选用微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、硬脂酸镁为赋形剂,通过单因素和正交试验,筛选出片剂制备的最佳配方,采用粉末直接压片工艺,制备辣木螺旋藻复合营养片剂。原料的最佳配比为辣木叶粉:螺旋藻粉为7︰3,片剂的最佳配方为原料88.5%,微晶纤维素8.0%、羧基纤维素钠2.0%、硬脂酸镁1.5%,最佳工艺参数为原料粉碎粒度200~300目,含水量7%,制片压力40 k N。通过配方和工艺优化,能制备营养更全面更均衡的辣木螺旋藻营养片剂,其片形外观、片重差异、硬度、脆碎度、崩解时限等指标都达到了相应的质量要求。     

螺旋藻蛋白酶解工艺的优化及螺旋藻肽的制备

利用碱性蛋白酶37071对螺旋藻蛋白进行了酶解,探究了酶解pH、酶解时间以及热处理对酶解效率的影响,得到螺旋藻蛋白酶解的最佳工艺条件为:酶解pH 8,酶解时间24 h,热处理100℃。此时,螺旋藻蛋白回收率达到51.78%,水解度为13.16%。在此最优工艺条件下,制备得到了螺旋藻肽,并对该肽的蛋白含量、氨氮含量、氨基酸组成、总糖含量、分子量分布以及金属元素含量进行了测定。     

复合蛋白酶水解螺旋藻制备多肽的工艺优化

螺旋藻富含优质蛋白质,为有效利用这一蛋白质资源,试验探究了复合蛋白酶水解螺旋藻制备多肽的工艺路线。通过单一酶解及复合酶解试验考察了不同蛋白酶对螺旋藻水解效果的差异,以及不同蛋白酶对螺旋藻水解作用的协同效果,由此筛选出适合螺旋藻水解的最佳蛋白酶为:由碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶按酶活比2∶1∶1的比例构成的复合蛋白酶。采用单因素及响应面试验对复合蛋白酶水解螺旋藻的工艺条件进行了优化,得到螺旋藻酶解的最适工艺条件为:螺旋藻浓度50 g/L,pH 9.0,加酶量6 000 U/g蛋白,温度52℃,酶解时间6.2 h。在优化的工艺条件下,水解螺旋藻的多肽得率可以达到(77.82±1.21)%。多肽的氨基酸组成分析结果显示,酶解制备得到的多肽基本上保持了原螺旋藻蛋白的氨基酸组成,氨基酸组成齐全,必需氨基酸占到氨基酸总量的43%以上,具有很高的营养价值。研究结果表明,复合蛋白酶水解螺旋藻制备多肽的工艺路线具有可行性。     

响应曲面法优化栀子苷保健果冻的研究

在单因素试验的基础上,利用Box-Behnken试验设计模型和响应面分析方法,分别以栀子苷提取率、果冻感官评分作为指标,针对栀子苷的提取工艺和栀子苷保健果冻制备工艺进行双优化,以期制得一款色泽诱人、口感光滑细腻,且具有一定保健功效的果冻。结果表明,栀子苷最佳提取工艺的条件为：提取时间3.00 h,提取温度75.00℃,栀子粉末与乙酸乙酯的料液比1∶5.00（g/mL）,提取率为5.81%。综合感官评分得出栀子苷保健果冻的最优配方为：琼脂粉与水的料液比1∶52.00（g/mL）,栀子苷提取液添加量5.00%,木糖醇添加量8.00%。该条件下制得的栀子苷保健果冻呈半透明淡黄色、质地均匀、口感光滑细腻,具有栀子特有的香气。     

超声耦合亚临界水提取螺旋藻粗蛋白及其抗氧化活性研究

本文以螺旋藻粉为原料,采用超声耦合亚临界水法提取螺旋藻粗蛋白。对亚临界水提取设备中的提取釜结构进行改进,增加了原料与亚临界水的接触面积,蛋白提取率由10.30%显著提高至40.20%(p0.01);系统研究了温度、超声功率、压力和时间等因素对提取率的影响规律,得出四个影响因素主次顺序为:温度超声功率提取时间压力,并通过正交试验设计与验证得出提取螺旋藻粗蛋白的最佳工艺条件为温度150℃、超声功率200 W、提取时间80 min、压力10 MPa,在此最佳工艺条件下粗蛋白的提取率为74.32%;采用ABTS、DPPH、OH自由基清除率法评价不同温度下提取的螺旋藻粗蛋白的抗氧化能力,结果显示粗蛋白在0.15~10mg/m L浓度范围内均具有较强的抗氧化活性。综上所述,超声耦合亚临界水提取技术为海藻蛋白的提取开创了一种高效、低耗和环保的新技术。     

基于超细剪切细胞破壁技术的藻蓝蛋白提取工艺

为解决目前藻蓝蛋白提取工艺效率低下问题,采用超细剪切技术进行螺旋藻细胞破壁,为藻蓝蛋白工业化生产提供理论依据。采用单因素试验方法,研究螺旋藻液料比、硫酸铵饱和度、剪切时间3种工艺参数对藻蓝蛋白得率的影响,并结合响应面试验方法对上述3种工艺参数进行优化。基于超细剪切技术的藻蓝蛋白提取最佳工艺为:液料体积质量比30m L/g,硫酸铵饱和度为50%,剪切时间为15min,在此条件下得到的藻蓝蛋白得率为12%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the