离子型稀土矿中铝铁杂质的浸出与抑制规律

通过红外光光谱测定、XRD检测等测试方法分析了稀土矿浸出过程中各种矿物表面性质的变化,稀土离子及铝、铁杂质离子与浸出剂和抑制剂的浸出交换过程及规律。结果表明,抑制剂的添加会与稀土矿中的铝、铁等杂质离子反应,形成化合物,从而降低浸出母液中铝、铁杂质离子含量,但不会影响离子型稀土的交换浸出过程。在机理分析的基础上,采用对铝铁杂质有高效抑制效果的抑杂剂LG-01进行离子型稀土矿抑制铝铁杂质的浸出实验研究。结果表明,在不影响离子型稀土矿稀土离子浸出率的情况下,LG-01能有效降低离子型稀土矿浸出母液中铝、铁等杂质离子含量,去除率可达92%。     

Kinetic process of oxidative leaching of chalcopyrite under low oxygen pressure and low temperature

Kinetic process of oxidative leaching of chalcopyrite in chloride acid hydroxide medium under oxygen pressure and low temperature was investigated. The effect on leaching rate of chalcopyrite caused by these factors such as ore granularity, vitriol concentration, sodium chloride concentration, oxygen pressure and temperature was discussed. The results show that the leaching rate of chalcopyrite increases with decreasing the ore granularity. At the early stage of oxidative reaction, the copper leaching rate increases with increasing the oxygen pressure and dosage of vitriol concentration, while oxygen pressure affects leaching less at the later stage. At low temperature, the earlier oxidative leaching process of chalcopyrite is controlled by chemical reactions while the later one by diffusion. The chalcopyrite oxidative leaching rate has close relation with ion concentration in the leaching solution. The higher ion concentration is propitious for chalcopyrite leaching.     

Ni2Al3母合金相碱沥滤生成的镍晶粒成行排列的透射电镜观察

透射电镜观察到Ｎｉ２Ａｌ３合金相碱沥滤形成的镍晶粒沿着一定方向排列成行的现象,原位观察２ｍｉｎ后,镍晶粒排列成行的现象不再出现．     

基于二元平衡解吸模型的离子型稀土浸矿剂用量计算方法

以硫酸铵作为浸矿剂浸取稀土时,其在矿土表面赋存形式分为可逆和不可逆两部分;根据铵在浸矿中的作用,铵消耗分为三个部分:离子交换消耗、专性吸附消耗和维持浸矿剂浓度的消耗.本文结合铵的赋存形式和浸矿作用,采用二元平衡解吸模型(DED模型)刻画浸矿,通过数值拟合确定相应参数,提出一种针对离子型稀土的浸矿剂用量计算方法.结果表明...     

软锰矿两矿法选择性浸出

采用黄铁矿软锰矿酸浸工艺直接浸出软锰矿，浸出过程中Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ、Ａｌ等杂质残留在矿石内，形成残留物层。通过控制浸出的动力学条件，可以实现锰的选择性浸出，降低浸出液中的杂质含量。扫描电镜和电子能谱试验表明，锰的浸出过程应以未反应收缩核模型描述     

IMPROVED LEACHING METHOD AND KINETICS OF MANGANESE CARBONATE ORE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

ＩＭＰＲＯＶＥＤＬＥＡＣＨＩＮＧＭＥＴＨＯＤＡＮＤＫＩＮＥＴＩＣＳＯＦＭＡＮＧＡＮＥＳＥＣＡＲＢＯＮＡＴＥＯＲＥＡＴＲＯＯＭＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＹｕａｎＭｉｎｇｌｉａｎｇ；ＭｅｉＸｉａｎｇｏｎｇ；ＣｈｅｎＪｉｎ；ＺｈｕａｎｇＪｉａｎｍｉｎｇ（Ｄｅｐ...     

Pressure leaching of zinc silicate ore in sulfuric acid medium

Zinc silicate ore was characterized mineralogically and the results showed that zinc exists mainly as hemimorphite and smithsonite in the sample. Sulfuric acid pressure leaching of zinc silicate ore was carried out to assess the effect of particle size, sulfuric acid concentration, pressure, reaction time and temperature on the extraction of zinc and the dissolution of silica. Under the optimum conditions employed, up to 99.25% of zinc extraction and 0.20% silica dissolution are obtained. The main minerals in leaching residue are quartz and small amounts of undissolved oxide minerals of iron, lead and aluminum are associated with quartz.     

Leaching Mechanism of the Spodumene Sulphuric Acid Process

ＬｅａｃｈｉｎｇＭｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｅＳｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅＳｕｌｐｈｕｒｉｃＡｃｉｄＰｒｏｃｅｓＸｉａｏＭｉｎｇｓｈｕｎ（肖明顺）ＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＮｏｎｆｅｒｒｏｕｓｍｅｔａｌｓＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，Ｗｕｌｕｍｕｑｉ８３０００１...     

STUDY ON BIOLEACHING OF PRIMARY CHALCOPYRITE ORE WITH THERMOACIDOPHLIC ARCHAE

A high temperature-tolerating thermoacidophilic archae (TA) was isolated from water samples collected from a hot sulfur-containing spring in the Yunnan Province, China, and was used in bioleaching experiments of a low-grade chalcopyrite ore. The TA grow at temperatures ranging from 40 to 80℃, with 65℃ being the optimum temperature, and at pH values of 1.5 to 4.0, with an optimum pH value of 2.0. The bioleaching experiments of the chalcopyrite ore were conducted in both laboratory batch bioreactors and leaching columns. The results obtained from the bioreactor experiments showed that the TA bioleaching rate of copper reached 97% for a 12-day leaching period, while the bioleaching rate was 32.43% for thiobacillus ferrooxidans (Tf) leaching for the same leaching time. In the case of column leaching, tests of a two-phase leaching (196 days), that is,a two-month (56 days) Tf leaching in the first phase, followed by a 140-day TA leaching in the second phase were performed. The average leaching rate of copper achieved for the 140-day TA leaching was 195mg/(L· d), while for the control experiments, it was as low as 78mg/(L· d) for the Tf leaching, indicating that the TA possesses a more powerful oxidizing ability to the chalcopyrite than Tf. Therefore, it is suggested that the two-phase leaching process be applied to for the heap leaching operations, whereas, the TA can be used in the second phase when the temperature inside the heap has increased, and the primary copper sulfide minerals have already been partially oxidized with Tf beforehand in the first phase.     

低品位氧化铜矿氨-硫酸铵体系过硫酸铵氧化浸出

以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,研究低品位氧化铜矿在氨-硫酸铵体系氧化浸出工艺。讨论氨/铵离子摩尔比、总氨浓度,氨、硫酸铵和过硫酸铵的浓度,反应温度,液固比,反应时间和搅拌速度等操作条件对铜浸出的影响。结果表明:在92.8%的矿样粒径小于0.045 mm,氨、硫酸铵和过硫酸铵浓度分别为2.4、1.8和0.100 mol/L,浸出时间为90 min,温度为30℃,液固比(mL/g)为5:1,搅拌速度为500 r/min时的优化条件下,低品位铜矿的铜浸出率达87.7%。     

四川某低品位微细粒氧化金矿非氰浸出试验研究

对金品位为2.02 g/t的某低品位氧化微细粒金矿开展了全泥浸出提取金的试验研究。优选出非氰浸出剂CC-1,确定了相应工艺参数,在此基础上开展了3个粒级柱浸试验,对柱浸含金溶液进行了活性炭吸附试验,研究表明该矿石适宜于利用非氰浸出剂CC-1堆浸回收金。矿石磨至-200目占80%、矿浆液固比2:1、石灰用量3000 g/t原矿、CC-1浓度0.10%、浸出时间30 h条件下金浸出率92.75%;在石灰用量3000 g/t、CC-1浓度0.10%、浸出时间10 d时-10 mm矿样Au浸出率92.46%,浸出时间15 d时-20 mm及-30 mm矿样Au浸出率分别为91.49%、89.24%。采用CC-1作为浸出剂的含Au溶液活性炭吸附率为95.72%~97.11%。     

Characterization of refractory behaviour of complex gold/silver ore by diagnostic leaching

The amenability of a refractory ore to the extraction of gold and silver by cyanide leaching was investigated. Diagnostic leaching tests were also performed to shed light on the refractory characteristics of ore. The leaching tests show that the extraction of gold and silver is consistently low, i.e. ≤47% and ≤19.2%, respectively, over a leaching period of 24 h. Even fine grinding (e.g. ＜38 μm) does not improve the recovery of gold and silver. Diagnostic leaching approach provides information into the cause of the refractoriness of the ore. The findings suggest that the refractoriness is induced by the dissemination and encapsulation of the very fine gold and silver particles largely in the carbonates, oxides and sulfides and, to a small extent, with silicates present in the ore matrix. These findings highlight the practical importance of diagnostic leaching for the understanding of the refractory characteristic of such an ore and for the identification of possible pretreatment options to overcome its refractoriness prior to cyanide leaching.     

RECOVERING RE FROM LEACHING LIQUOR OF RARE EARTH ORE BY EXTRACTION

ＲＥＣＯＶＥＲＩＮＧＲＥＦＲＯＭＬＥＡＣＨＩＮＧＬＩＱＵＯＲＯＦＲＡＲＥＥＡＲＴＨＯＲＥＢＹＥＸＴＲＡＣＴＩＯＮＣｈｉＲｕ＇ａｎ；ＸｕＪｉｎｇｍｉｎｇ；ＨｅＰｅｉｊｉｏｎｇ；ＺｈｕＹｏｎｇｊｕｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＮｕｃｌｅａｒＥｎｅｒｇｙＴｅｃ...     

提高陕西某黄金冶炼厂金浸出率的研究与实践

为提高某矿山氰化浸金率,降低尾渣金品位,提高矿粉日处理量,考察了球磨时间、液固比、浸出时间、氰化钠浓度对金浸出率的影响。结果表明,以NaOH作保护碱,在NaCN浓度0.25%,液固比1.5：1,浸出时间48 h,矿粉粒度-325目占94.17%的条件下,金的浸出率可达97.80%,尾渣金品位小于1.5 g/t。根据实验结果,对现有生产工艺流程和设备进行改造,通过改变加料方式,调整球磨机转速,增加磨矿次数、分级次数和浸出槽数目,各项生产技术指标得到明显提升。     

在H2SO4-HCl-H2O复合体系中氧化浸出镍钼矿冶炼烟尘中的硒

对在H2SO4-HCl-H2O复合体系中氧化浸出镍钼矿冶炼烟尘中的硒进行热力学分析,确定从镍钼矿冶炼烟尘中浸出硒的新工艺及其最优技术参数.采用XRD对镍钼矿冶炼烟尘及其浸出渣进行表征.结果表明:在最佳技术条件下,硒浸出率达到98%,浸出渣含硒0.16%(质量分数);冶炼烟尘中硒以单质形式存在,未见硒及其化合物出现,表明烟尘中的硒浸出较完全;浸出渣主要由SiO2、CaSO4、A12SiO5、As2O3和KAlSi3O8组成.     

风化壳淋积型稀土矿的土水特性

风化壳淋积型稀土矿的渗透特性直接影响原地浸矿的浸出效率.土水特征曲线是研究矿体渗透特性的重要基础,与许多因素具有关联性.为了研究不同因素对矿体土水特征曲线的影响,采用压力板仪进行土水特性试验,分析干密度、粒径和溶浸对稀土矿体土水特性的影响及其作用机理.结果表明,随着干密度的减小,孔隙率增大,矿体饱和含水量增加.采用同一...     

溶液中添加In~(3+)对铝电极负差数效应的影响

通过动电位极化、恒电位集气方法研究对纯铝在0.5mol/LNaCl溶液中的电化学行为,添加In3+后,使铝的活化电位负移,并且降低铝的负差数效应系数,提出铝溶解的动力学机制.探讨了In3+使铝电极在中性介质中抑制负差数效应的原因     

NaOH-NaNO_3熔盐法分解铁尾矿的动力学

对铁尾矿在NaOH-NaNO3熔盐体系中的分解动力学进行研究,考察了反应温度、反应时间及碱渣比对铁尾矿中SiO2浸出率的影响。结果表明:铁尾矿在NaOH-NaNO3熔盐体系中的分解符合未反应收缩核模型,受固体产物层内扩散控制,提高反应温度、延长反应时间或增加碱渣比均能提高铁尾矿的分解率;在一定的操作条件下,根据Arrherius方程得到铁尾矿在NaOH-NaNO3亚熔盐体系中的反应活化能为17.43 kJ/mol。     

氯盐浸出硫化银之研究

用电位—log[Cl~-]图分析高铁氯盐体系浸出硫化银的热力学可能性。用试剂硫化银进行的动力学实验考察了粒度、浸出剂初始pH值、氯离子浓度、高铁离子浓度和温度等对银浸出率的影响。结果表明,浸出过程很好地符合“未反应芯”动力学模型,求得的表观活化能为56.24千焦/摩尔,得到动力学方程式为:1-2/3R-(1-R)2/3=1.02×10_(-4)r_0~(-2)[H~+]~(0.36)[Cl~-]~3[Fe(Ⅲ)]exp(-56240/RT)t,过程受固膜扩散控制。     

Kinetics of leaching lithium from α-spodumene in enhanced acid treatment using HF/H2SO4 as medium

An enhanced leaching of Li from α-spodumene was carried out using a mixture of hydrofluoric and sulfuric acid (HF/H₂SO₄) as the medium. Based on the optimized leaching conditions, the leaching kinetics of Li was investigated in an ore/HF/H₂SO₄ ratio of 1:3:2 g:mL:mL with leaching temperature ranging from 50 to 100 °C. The results indicate that the leaching kinetics of Li fitted well with a model based on the shrinking core model. In addition, the leaching rate of Li was controlled by chemical reactions and diffusion through the product layers. The apparent activation energy E_a was calculated to be 32.68 kJ/mol. Solid films were formed because of the generation of insoluble products such as cryolithionite (Na₃Li₂Al₂F₁₂), cryolite (Na₃AlF₆), calcium fluoride (CaF₂), potassium cryolite (K₂AlF₅), aluminum fluoride (AlF₃), and fluorosilicates (Na₂SiF₆ or KNaSiF₆). Furthermore, the effects of the ore/HF ratio and leaching temperature on the leaching behavior of Li, Al and Si were investigated. The results indicate that the ore/HF ratio and leaching temperature could clearly affect the distribution of HF molecules on the leaching of Li, Al and Si, which are important for the selective leaching of Li over Al and Si with this fluorine-based chemical method.