撞击流旋转填料床内磷酸三丁酯对苯酚的络合萃取

在撞击流-旋转填料床(IS—RPB)内进行了磷酸三丁酯(TBP)对苯酚稀溶液的络合萃取实验研究。在研究IS—RPB转速和撞击流初速对萃取级效率影响的基础上,确定了最适宜操作条件。在最适宜操作条件下,应用不同体积组成的TBP 煤油萃取剂对苯酚稀溶液进行萃取,得到了95％以上的除酚率。动力学分析表明,TBP与苯酚的络合反应是一个快速过程,IS—RPB作为萃取器使用可以对扩散类型的萃取过程提供很高的萃取级效率。     

撞击流-旋转填料床萃取器传质性能研究

以磷酸三丁酯(煤油)-苯酚-水为试验体系，研究了IS—RPB萃取器的传质性能。在研究主要操作参数对萃取级效率影响的基础上，确定了最适宜的操作条件，得到了97％以上萃取级效率。试验结果表明，撞击流-旋转填料床萃取器是一种新型快速高效的萃取设备。     

撞击流反应器处理含苯酚废水的实验研究

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂,用撞击流反应器对模拟含苯酚废水进行了萃取除酚的研究。在相同条件下,与传统反应器相比,撞击流反应器单级萃取分配比可提高约20%。通过实验得到撞击流反应器适宜的操作条件,在此条件下除酚率在95%以上。     

撞击流-旋转填料床内络合萃取法分离醋酸稀溶液实验研究

采用撞击流-旋转填料床作为萃取设备,选用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂(稀释于煤油中),对络合萃取法分离醋酸稀溶液过程进行了实验研究.研究结果表明:在适宜的操作条件下,撞击流旋转填料床对于磷酸三丁酯与醋酸的络合萃取过程具有良好的萃取传质性能,萃取级效率高达98%以上;采用三级错流萃取流程,获得了94.0%的醋酸萃取率,取得了较好的分离效果.以质量分数15%的氢氧化钠溶液为反萃取剂,经反萃取操作后实现萃取剂的再生,再生后的萃取剂萃取性能无明显变化.综合考虑了萃取剂、萃取设备及萃取工艺对于络合萃取过程的影响,为络合萃取技术在醋酸稀溶液回收中的应用奠定了基础.     

化学偶合法研究IS-RPB反应器微观混合特性

以α-萘酚与对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐之间的串联竞争偶合生成单偶氮和双偶氮的反应为测试体系,研究了超重力因子、喷嘴初速、浓度、撞击间距、填料等参数对撞击流-旋转填料床(IS-RPB)反应器离集指数和微观混合时间的影响规律,得出适宜的操作参数。在相近的操作条件下,对比了IS,RPB,IS-RPB 3种反应器的微观混合性能。实验结果表明:IS-RPB反应器秉承了IS反应器和RPB反应器的优点,其微观混合性能明显优于IS和RPB等反应器,是一种具有应用潜力的新型设备。     

磷酸三丁酯和二异丙醚溶剂萃取 体系净化湿法磷酸的研究

以磷酸三丁酯（TBP）与二异丙醚为溶剂,采用溶剂萃取法净化湿法磷酸。研究了萃取剂中TBP体积分数、相比、萃取时间、搅拌转速、反萃取剂加入量对湿法磷酸净化效果的影响,确定了TBP与二异丙醚混合溶剂体系净化湿法磷酸的工艺条件。适宜工艺条件：萃取剂组成为TBP与二异丙醚体积比为1∶1,有机相与水相的体积比为 4∶1,萃取时间为25 min,搅拌转速为300 r/min,反萃取剂加入量为萃取相体积的20%。在此条件下,TBP与二异丙醚萃取体系对金属阳离子和氟离子有较好的分离能力。     

磷酸三丁酯/丁酸乙酯体系协同萃取提锂的研究

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂、丁酸乙酯(EB)和FeCl_3为协萃剂,煤油为稀释剂,从盐湖卤水中进行了萃取提锂的实验研究。系统考察了卤水酸度、萃取剂浓度、铁锂摩尔比、相比等因素对锂萃取率的影响。体系的最佳工艺条件为:TBP、EB、煤油的体积分数分别为40%、20%和40%;卤水酸度为0.05 mol/L;Fe/Li摩尔比为1.5;相比为O/A=2/1;反萃剂为2 mol/L的HCl,反萃相比O/A=1/1。在最佳萃取条件下,锂的单级萃取率最高可达87.12%。应用稀盐酸对负载有机相进行反萃,锂的单级反萃率超过90%。本文的研究结果表明:TBP/EB/FeCl_3/煤油体系对从盐湖卤水中分离锂具有较好的应用前景。     

用磷酸三丁酯萃取分离硫酸铵母液中的HCN

研究了磷酸三丁酯(TBP)-磺化煤油体系从重庆某企业甘氨酸生产副产物硫酸铵母液中萃取分离HCN的工艺,考察了萃取体系、TBP体积分数、母液初始pH值、相比(Vorg∶Vaq)对萃取HCN的影响以及氢氧化钠浓度、相比(Vaq∶Vorg)和平衡pH值对HCN反萃的影响。结果表明:选用TBP作为萃取剂能够对硫酸铵母液中的HCN进行快速有效的萃取;TBP体积分数、母液初始pH值及相比对HCN萃取率影响显著;以含体积分数35%TBP的有机相作萃取剂,在相比(Vorg∶Vaq)为2∶1的条件下,pH值为2.92的含氰1.71 g/L的硫酸铵母液经3级错流萃取,萃余液中含氰低于0.5 mg/L,氰的萃取率接近100%;在相比(Vaq∶Vorg)为1∶1条件下,以0.6 mol/L的氢氧化钠为反萃液,控制反萃液平衡pH值大于13.0,氰的单级反萃率大于96%;含氰0.78 g/L的有机相在相比为1∶1条件下,经过2级错流反萃,氰基本上被反萃完全,贫有机相不经过处理可循环使用。     

络合萃取高浓度含酚废水工艺研究

采用离心萃取器对高浓度含酚废水进行萃取工艺研究。结果表明:以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)、烷基叔胺和磺化煤油组成萃取剂,络合萃取处理含酚废水的最佳工艺条件为:两相流比为2∶1,离心机转速为4000 r/min,三级萃取时,含酚废水的脱酚率为99.12%,达到预处理的要求。     

兰炭厂含酚废水的络合萃取研究

本文选用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂,煤油为稀释剂对高浓度含酚废水进行络合萃取,考察pH值、油/水相比(V/V)和TBP的含量(络合萃取剂中TBP的体积分数)等对酚萃取率的影响,并对酚进行反萃回收。实验结果表明:在pH值为6、温度为25℃、搅拌转速为625r·min-1、油/水相比为1∶3和TBP的含量为60%的最佳实验条件下,一级萃取率为94.7%,二级萃取率为98.12%,三级萃取率为99.5%。从经济效益考虑,选择一级萃取,其COD去除率为72.64%。用质量分数为10%的Na OH溶液作反萃取剂,反萃取温度为45℃,按油/碱比(V/V)为1∶1对一级萃取有机相进行两次反萃取,酚回收率可达97.24%。络合萃取剂在萃取-反萃取的过程中可多次循环使用。     

萃取法提钪试验研究

研究了用磷酸三丁酯 (TBP)作萃取剂 ,盐酸作反萃剂从××河道淤砂中提取有价金属钪 ,考察了萃取剂质量分数、溶液酸度、溶液混匀时间、相比、助萃剂以及水洗次数对萃取的影响和振荡强度 ,振荡时间及静置分层时间对反萃取的影响。试验结果表明 :在选定的条件下 ,钪的萃取和反萃取率可分别达到 99.85%、99.86 %。     

萃取置换法预处理氟苯生产废水的实验研究

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂、NaOH水溶液为反萃剂,采用萃取置换法回收处理氟苯生产废水中的苯酚。研究了萃取剂浓度、萃取时间、pH值及相比对萃取率的影响和相比、反萃时间及NaOH溶液浓度对反萃率的影响。经3级萃取和2级反萃,苯酚的回收率达98%,废水中苯酚含量可降至19.7 mg/L。萃取置换法操作简单,费用低廉,易于工业化。     

萃取置换法回收处理氟苯生产废水中的苯酚

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂、NaOH水溶液为反萃剂,采用萃取置换法回收处理氟苯生产废水中的苯酚.研究了萃取剂浓度、萃取时间、pH值及相比对萃取率的影响和相比、反萃时间及NaOH溶液浓度对反萃率的影响.经3级萃取和2级反萃取,苯酚的回收率达98%,废水中苯酚含量可降至19.7 mg/L.萃取置换法操作简单,费用低廉,易于工业化.     

Selective Separation of Gallium from Acidic Leach Solutions by Emulsion Liquid Membranes

Abstract

The separation and concentration of gallium from acidic leach solutions, containing various other ions such as iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, cadmium, lead, copper, and aluminium, by an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique using tributyl phosphate (TBP) as carrier has been presented. Liquid membrane consists of a diluent, a surfactant (ECA 4360J), and an extractant (TBP), and 0.1 M HCl or 0.1 M H₂SO₄ were used as the stripping solution. The important variables governing the permeation of gallium and their effect on the separation process have been studied. These variables were membrane type and composition, mixing speed, diluent type, surfactant concentration, extractant concentration, HCl concentration in the feed, acid type of stripping phase, feed concentration, and treatment ratio. The optimum conditions were determined. It was possible to selectively extract 96.0% of gallium from the acidic leach solutions, containing Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Al, at the optimum conditions.     

Separation of non-sulfonated oil from industrial petroleum sulfonate

Abstract

The non-sulfonated oil in industrial petroleum sulfonate was separated by centrifugal method and extraction method, respectively. The oil separation rates of each method were compared, and the effects of oil separation rates under different conditions on the purity of non-sulfonated oil were investigated. The purity information of non-sulfonated oil separated by different methods was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the oil separation rate of centrifugation was low, and the oil extraction rate was higher. The purity of non-sulfonated oil separated with alcohol–water solution as extractant was lower, while the purity of non-sulfonated oil separated by water extraction method was the highest, and the extractant was nontoxic and environmentally friendly. Water was preferred as extractant. Solvent ratio, temperature and pressure all had great influence on oil separation rate. The optimum conditions for SL petroleum sulfonate were: solvent ratio 1.5:1, 90?°C, atmospheric pressure, which the oil separation rate was 78.51%; and for DQ petroleum sulfonate, the optimum conditions were: solvent ratio 2:1, 90?°C, atmospheric pressure, which the oil separation rate was 79.86%. Non-sulfonated oil separated by water extraction had the least petroleum sulfonate, followed by ethanol single solvent extraction. Although the extraction efficiency of isopropanol aqueous solution and n-pentane was the highest, the content of petroleum sulfonate in non-sulfonated oil was the highest, which affected the product performance and should not be used.     

稠油石油酸盐及其对稠油乳化降粘应用研究

以辽河稠油为原料,采用脱酸剂法,对稠油中的石油酸进行抽提,然后分离出石油酸盐回注到稠油中,进行乳化降粘。考察了复合萃取剂用量、抽提相分离温度、相分离时间、脱酸剂油比、碱酸摩尔比及萃取次数等因素对抽提酸效果的影响。确定了抽提酸的最佳工艺条件:复合萃取剂用量60%,碱酸摩尔比1.0,剂油比2.0,80℃保温分相2 h,在该条件下,分三级萃取,环烷酸抽提效率达到92.20%,脱酸剂收率可达96.18%;并测试了石油酸盐对稠油的乳化降粘性能,结果表明,稠油石油酸盐与其它表面活性剂进行简单复配,对辽河稠油和渤海稠油等环烷基或中间基稠油有明显的乳化降粘效果,降粘率分别达到90%和80%以上,具有较好的适用性。     

EXTRACTION OF LITHIUM FROM BRINE CONTAINICG HIGH CONCENTRATION OF MAGNESIUM BY TRI-NBUTYL PHOSPHATE DISSOLVED IN KEROSENE

Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP)dissolved in kerosene was chosen as extractant for lithium from a model brine having high magnesium-to-lithium ratio and ferric chloride was added to the system.The influences of contact time,concentration of the extractant,concentrations of some salts (Mg2+,Na+,K+)in the solution,acidity of hydrochloric acid and extraction temperature on the extraction of lithium with TBP-kerosene system were studied.The suitable extraction conditions were found to be :contact time not any less than 20 min;at 20-25℃;[Fe3+]/[Li+]about 1.5-2.0;TBP concentration 50%-70%;[MgCl2]exceeding 3 mol·L-1;pH about 2;while most sodium and potassium salts in the aqueous phase should be removed before the extraction.     

提高钛白废酸提钪萃取选择性的研究

研究旨在选择合适的助萃剂LH,提高二（2-乙基己基）磷酸（P204）-磷酸三丁酯（TBP）-磺化煤油体系对钛白废酸提钪的选择性,提高钪钛分离系数和钪铁分离系数。研究采用的工艺为二次萃取富集、二次反萃成钪、化学精制提纯钪。通过正交试验确定最佳萃取工艺条件：萃取剂最佳配比V（P204）∶V（TBP）∶V（磺化煤油）=1.3∶0.7∶10,一次萃取相比为V（O）∶V（A）=1∶21,不加助萃剂二次萃取相比为V（O）∶V（A）=1∶5,加助萃剂时其加量为水相体积的1.7%,此时钪钛分离系数达到124 812,钪铁分离系数达到8 202。     

粉煤灰酸浸溶液中铁铝离子的萃取分离

采用N503和TBP、正辛醇、煤油组成的复合萃取体系,对粉煤灰酸浸溶液中的铝与铁进行萃取分离,考察盐酸浓度、氯离子浓度、萃取剂比例对Fe3+萃取率的影响,以低浓度HCl溶液反萃负载铁有机相,并通过逆流实验确定最佳工艺条件. 结果表明,采用N503:TBP:正辛醇:煤油=3:1:1:5(j)的萃取体系,在初始铁浓度为0.96 mol/L、铝浓度为0.22 mol/L、萃取相比O/A=2:1条件下,经5级逆流萃取,Fe3+的萃取率大于99.8%,铝几乎没有损失. 用0.01 mol/L HCl溶液作反萃剂,反萃相比O/A=2.5:1,经6级逆流反萃,反萃液中铁浓度达1.8 mol/L. 分析了有机相负载铁前后官能团的红外光谱图.