系统科学与复杂性(Ⅰ)

以从无生命系统研制到有生命系统研究的转变,从工程技术领域到社会科学、生命科学领域的跳跃为主线,将系统科学中的有关研究与Santa Fe Institute所进行的有关复杂性的工作进行对比和综述.强调了我国学者的观点:复杂性是开放的复杂巨系统的特征,研究复杂性离不开系统;人机结合的大成智慧工程是开放的复杂巨系统研究的标志.     

计算思维的系统观

本文引用系统科学的理论与方法分析计算系统的特征、人与计算系统的关系以及设计计算系统的思维过程,阐述了建模与构造在计算系统的设计与应用中所发挥的作用,以及系统科学的思想方法运用于计算思维经历从数学思想到工程实施的过程。     

衡敛系统的性质及其推导

开放系统能够构建衡敛的状态,成为衡敛系统,根据收敛级数的性质进行系统结构解析,得出衡敛系统的三个基本性质,可对衡敛系统结构进行分解和组合。通过对衡敛系统性质的进一步推导,又得出了衡敛系统的守恒律和相对律,由此形成了研究复杂性科学的新理论和方法,能够实现从定性到定量、从微观到宏观进行系统科学研究,这种运用衡敛系统理论的分析方法,是一条进行复杂性科学研究的新路径。     

基于网络的监控系统的建设

电子监控系统随着保安业和制造业的需要而产生,随着电子技术的不断进步,从早期的声音报警到今天的音像监控系统,走过了漫长的半个多世纪的历程。本文所说的监控系统是指后者,它从最初的“模拟式监控系统”,经过“模拟、数字混合式监控系统”,到今天的“数字式监控系统”,逐步形成为一个产业,并广泛应用于国民经济的各行各业。在一些企业的ERP系统中,监控系统是其重要的组成部分。     

多Agent系统体系结构

1.引言基于Agent的系统是目前计算机科学领域中一个非常重要和活跃的研究方向,代表了一种新的方式和途径,可用于概念化、分析、描述和实现复杂而庞大的系统,因而体现了一种新的软件开发范型。这种范型在开发诸如internet这样的分布、开放环境中的软件系统时尤具吸引力。     

自定义windows7的发送到菜单

在Windows系统中为了快速复制文件到移动设备里,．右击选择好的文件,再在右键菜单中选择“发送到”,并选择移动设备即可。这种添加到“发送到”菜单的功能可以极大地加快和方便日常操作,在Windows7里,如果按住Shift键再打开“发送到”菜单,你会发现一个新的发送到菜单出现了（如图1）。     

系统科学与复杂性(Ⅱ)

系统科学的重点正在从无生命系统研究到有生命系统研究,从工程技术领域到社会科学、生命科学领域转变.这里将系统科学的有关研究与Santa Fe Institute所进行的有关复杂性的工作进行了对比和综述.最后给出了一些比较重要的且可以进一步讨论的问题.     

电力调度自动化主站系统改造分析

众所周知,电力调度自动化系统是电网中最为重要的核心控制部分,而电力调度自动化的主站系统则是电力调度自动化系统中的“小心脏”,它为当前整个电力企业的发展注入了新的血液,注入了新的活力,从而更为全方面地推动了整个电力企业的发展;但是,值得我们注意的是,当前的电力调度自动化主站系统在运行方面却存在着不可忽视的问题对整个电力企业的发展产生了消极的影响。所以,本文将会从“电力调度自动化的主站系统”“电力调度主站系统在运行过程中存在的问题与弊端”以及“电力调度自动化主站系统改造的策略与措施”三个关键的方面来探讨和分析电力调度自动化主站系统的改造。     

系统稳定性与鲁棒性研究的发展*

本文从科学发展的角度论述了系统稳定性与鲁棒性发展过程及其必然性.首先简要论述了从古代到19世纪稳定性观念的变迁;然后论述了稳定性理论的生产及其特征;进而从现代科技与工程的需要论述了鲁棒性研究的必要性和稳定性与鲁棒性结合的必然性.     

地理信息技术的自主创新

最近中央部委连续召开了一系列会议,强调信息技术创新。科技部正在落实“对地观测与导航定位系统”领域计划。国家环保局和国家海洋局先后召开了科技大会,部署信息化,数字化的战略方针和“十一五”重点。中国气象局专门召开了“台风防灾减灾科学问题与技术创新”研讨会。……大家都在摩拳擦掌,为落实科技规划和十一五计划,准备加大投入,由几个亿到十多亿不等。例如在国家海洋科学规划中,已经把“数字海洋”,海洋立体观测列为重大专项,把地球系统科学列为基础研究内容。体现了各部委对信息领域的关注和支持;对信息化和现代化的决心。在地理信…     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.