多播网络中基于机会网络编码改进的重传方法

针对高链路分组丢失率下HLAR (hash lookup assisted retransmission)等重传方法存在的编码率低、算法性能下降等缺陷,提出了一种改进的基于机会网络编码的广播重传方法.该方法根据接收节点反馈的丢失分组情况,不仅能够通过散列查找快速选择丢失分组组合进行编码重传,并优先重传能让最多接收节点恢复其丢失分组的单个重传分组,而且基于邻域关联充分挖掘编码机会,允许节点从多个重传分组中恢复丢失分组,从而在保持较低算法复杂度的情况下,有效地提高重传性能.仿真结果表明,相对于已有算法,该方法能有效减少重传次数,提高传输效率.     

一种改进的网络编码广播重传算法

在无线网络广播传输中,为了提升效率提出改进的基于冗余避免的网络编码广播重传算法（INCBRRA）。对接收状态矩阵进行重排列后,再主动避免重传不可解码的编码组合,从而优先编码有助于接收节点解码的丢失数据包组合。分析结果表明,INCBRRA算法相比于现有算法能有效减少重传次数,提升了传输效率。     

基于机会式网络编码的低时延广播传输算法

为了提高无线网络中数据包广播传输的效率,本文提出了一种基于机会式网络编码的广播传输算法.该算法在发送端按一定顺序选择不同终端的丢包,并采用异或运算编码重传包,在终端采用从重传包中解码数据包的方法恢复丢包.该算法优先恢复时间重要性较高的丢包,并使多个终端同时从单个重传包恢复其丢包,因此有效地提高了广播传输效率并降低了传输...     

中继协作无线网络中不完美反馈下基于网络编码的重传方案

无线广播网络传输过程中,目的节点反馈信息丢失或部分丢失导致发送节点不能了解目的节点的真实接收状态.为提高不完美反馈下无线网络的重传效率,本文提出中继协作无线网络中不完美反馈下基于网络编码的重传方案.本方案基于部分可观察马尔科夫决策过程对不完美反馈下的重传过程进行建模.发送节点根据系统观测状态和最大置信度更新系统估计状态,根据数据包发送顺序,优先选择最早丢失且能够恢复最多丢包的编码包重传.目的节点缓存不可解编码包以提升编解码机会.重传过程中源节点关注目的节点请求包需求,相同情况优先选择传输可靠性较高的中继节点,以提升传输有效性.仿真结果表明,在不完美反馈下相对于传统方案,本方案可有效提高重传效率.     

无线Mesh网中基于网络编码的多路径TCP研究

在无线多跳网络中,本地重传和网络编码已经被成功地应用到多路径技术上以增加吞吐量并减少丢包。然而,在提高UDP传输性能的同时,也产生了数据包重排序和延迟等副作用,严重影响了TCP性能。针对此问题,主要提出一种基于网络编码的多路径传输方案NC-MPTCP,即在无线mesh网络的多条路径中引入网络编码、执行拥塞控制以及使用一个基于信用的方法控制节点的传输速率,提高网络的吞吐量以及增加网络传输的可靠性。该方案使用一个简单的算法,评估丢包率以及发送线性组合数据包的速率,用来降低目的节点的数据包解码延迟和防止TCP的超时重传。仿真结果表明设计的NC-MPTCP有效。     

基于随机网络编码的无线广播重传方案及性能分析

针对自动重复重传(ARQ)机制在无线广播系统中吞吐量性能不佳的缺陷,提出一种基于随机网络编码的广播重传方案RNC-ARQ.对于广播节点,采用随机线性码对所有丢失包进行编码组合重传.对于接收节点,当接收的编码包累积到一定数量后可通过解码操作恢复出原始数据.该方案可有效减少重传次数,改善无线广播的吞吐量性能.基于Gilbert-Elliott模型描述的突发错误信道,建立了信道状态和节点接收处理流程合并的多状态马尔可夫模型,并以此为基础推导了RNC-ARQ方案的吞吐量闭合解.最后,使用NS-2模拟器评估RNC-ARQ方案的性能,结果表明在突发差错信道下,基于随机网络编码重传方案的吞吐量优于传统的选择承传ARQ方案和基于异或编码的重传方案.     

一种基于网络编码的重传算法研究

无线网络中,节点发送的数据分组传输失败后,执行重传机制。传统的重传机制ARQ由于在一次重传中只能发送一个丢失的数据分组,因此传输效率比较低。利用网络编码技术和AQR重传机制,我们可以在重传中使用网络编码,广播发送由多个丢失数据分组编码得到的编码分组,从而提高重传效率。本文中我们提出一种将网络编码应用于多个发送方多个接收方(MSMR)无线网络中的算法RMBNC。理论推导和仿真分析验证了我们提出的算法的有效性。     

车联网下基于网络编码的高吞吐量多径路由算法

在车联网中,由于车辆节点间无线链路的频繁中断易导致数据重传,使整个车辆组网性能急剧下降。为此,面向车联网提出了一种增强吞吐量的多径路由算法,其核心是使车辆节点分簇算法支持网络编码,从而达到对乱序和丢失报文恢复的目的。该算法首先采用协同编码通信模型来实现分簇后同簇车辆节点互相协同的多路径传输,然后采用网络编码对源端车辆和中间车辆节点发送的数据进行线性编码操作,最后在目的端节点予以解码。在基于QualNet仿真平台上的实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地提升车联网中多径路由的吞吐量。     

最小化重传次数的无线网络编码广播重传算法

提出了一种最小化重传次数的无线网络编码广播重传算法。针对无线广播网络,本文首先引入了缓存网络编码（C-IDNC）的概念,在接收端,正确接收但不能解码的网络编码数据包将被缓存起来等待将来的解码机会而不是简单的丢弃该编码包。其次,通过对基于IDNC重传策略的问题描述,分析了不同因素对重传次数的影响,并把这些影响因子量化为可度量的数值。随后,构造了IDNC图 ,用于表征所有可行编码和编码增益,并把最小化重传次数问题转化为最大权重搜寻问题,给出了寻找最优解的编码方法。同时,为降低算法复杂度和计算量,提出一种启发式的最大权重搜寻算法（CI-MWSA）。仿真结果表明,与传统方案相比,提出的策略和算法能有效提高重传效率、减少重传次数。      

一种基于机会式网络编码的高效广播重传方法

为了提高无线广播网络中数据传输的效率,该文提出了一种新颖的基于机会式网络编码的重传方法。将机会式网络编码技术应用于丢包的重传,并采用高效的丢包组合策略生成重传包。根据网络终端的丢包情况,首先创建丢包的哈希表,再根据哈希表快速选择满足一定编码条件的丢包以生成重传数据包,从而在提高重传性能的同时,有效地降低了重传方法的复杂度。仿真结果表明该方法相比已有算法能有效地减少重传次数,并提高重传包发送和接收的效率。     

Hop-by-hop Content Distribution with Network Coding in Multihop Wireless Networks

The predominant use of today's networks is content access and distribution. Network Coding (NC) is an innovative technique that has potential to improve the efficiency of multicast content distribution over multihop Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) by allowing intermediate Forwarding Nodes (FNs) to encode and then forward data packets. Practical protocols are needed to realize the benefits of the NC technique. However, the existing NC-based multicast protocols cannot accurately determine the minimum number of coded packets that a FN should send in order to ensure successful data delivery to the destinations, so that many redundant packets are injected into the network, leading to performance degradation. In this paper, we propose HopCaster, a novel reliable multicast protocol that incorporates network coding with hop-by-hop transport. HopCaster completely eliminates the need for estimating the number of coded packets to be transmitted by a FN, and avoids redundant packet transmissions. It also effectively addresses the challenges of heterogeneous multicast receivers. Moreover, a cross-layer multicast rate adaptation mechanism is proposed, which enables HopCaster to optimize multicast throughput by dynamically adjusting wireless transmission rate based on the changes in the receiver population and channel conditions during the course of multicasting a coded data chunk. Our evaluations show that HopCaster significantly outperforms the existing NC-based multicast protocols.     

Optimized multipath network coding in lossy wireless networks

Network coding has been a prominent approach to a series of problems that used to be considered intractable with traditional transmission paradigms. Recent work on network coding includes a substantial number of optimization based protocols, but mostly for wireline multicast networks. In this paper, we consider maximizing the benefits of network coding for unicast sessions in lossy wireless environments. We propose Optimized Multipath Network Coding (OMNC), a rate control protocol that dramatically improves the throughput of lossy wireless networks. OMNC employs multiple paths to push coded packets to the destination, and uses the broadcast MAC to deliver packets between neighboring nodes. The coding and broadcast rate is allocated to transmitters by a distributed optimization algorithm that maximizes the advantage of network coding while avoiding congestion. With extensive experiments on an emulation testbed, we find that OMNC achieves more than two-fold throughput increase on average compared to traditional best path routing, and significant improvement over existing multipath routing protocols with network coding. The performance improvement is notable not only for one unicast session, but also when multiple concurrent unicast sessions coexist in the network.     

基于网络编码的无线路由技术研究进展

网络编码是近年来通信领域所取得的重大进展之一,其核心思想是网络节点对于接收的分组不是采取的传统的存储-转发的简单路由方式,而是存储-编码处理-转发的方式。网络编码已被证明是改善无线网络性能特别是吞吐量性能方面的下一代关键技术之一,特别适合战场环境下广播和组播信息的高效传输。本文综述了近年来基于网络编码的无线路由技术的相关研究进展,分析了现有研究的局限性与不足,并对下一步研究方向进行了展望。     

Network Coding in Multicast Routing for Wireless Link Breakage Problem

Link breakage is one of the critical problems that limit the performance of multicast routing in wireless networks. To ease the problem, we apply network coding to the routing operation. In our proposal, data packets are encoded by a random coding scheme. By performing a re-encoding process, the coding scheme is able to keep conveying the data in the network even though link breakage occurs (without the need of waiting for retransmission). To route encoded packets in the network, a disjoint-path tree is used, which is the routing structure constructed by combining a number of multicast trees without the overlapping links among them. Simulation results show that our proposal can effectively ease the impact of link breakage, achieving better packet delivery ratio and higher multicast capacity under different scenarios.     

Design of a node architecture for logic-calculation Nased all-optical network coding scheme

Network coding brings many benefits for multicast networks. It is necessary to introduce network coding into optical networks. Nevertheless, the traditional network coding scheme is hard to be implemented in optical networks because of the weak operation capability in photonic domain. In the paper, we focused on realizing two-channel network coding in all-optical multicast networks. An optical network coding scheme which can be realized via logic shift and logic XOR operations in photonic domain was proposed. Moreover, to perform the network coding scheme the coding node structure was designed and the operation principle and processes were illustrated in detail. In the end of the paper, the performance and the cost of different all-optical multicast mode were compared and analyzed.     

一种新的基于虚拟队列的无线多播网络编码调度策略

网络编码由于其传输效率高的特性,近年来在无线多播网络中得到广泛的应用。针对无线多播网络中丢包自动重传效率低的问题,该文提出一种新的基于虚拟队列中数据包到达时间的编码调度策略(CSAT)。在CSAT策略中,为了提高编码效率,采用虚拟队列来存放初始以及未被所有接收者接收到的数据包。考虑到队列的稳定性,CSAT策略按照一定的比率从主次队列选择发送;在次队列发送数据包时,结合了编码和非编码两种方式,根据数据包到达队列的先后,选取能够使较多数据包参与编码的方式发送。仿真结果表明,该文所提的CSAT编码调度策略在有效提高了数据包传输效率的同时,提高了网络的吞吐量并降低了平均等待时延。     

Joint Transmission Rate Control and Opportunistic Network Coding Over Wireless Networks

Existing opportunistic network coding architectures (e.g., COPE) rely on pseudobroadcast to deliver a coded packet to multiple receivers in a single transmission. Only the primary receiver acknowledges the reception by MAC-layer acknowledgements (synchronous ACKs) and the other receivers receive the coded packet by overhearing and acknowledge the reception by asynchronous ACKs, which are usually piggybacked in outgoing data packets. In realistic wireless networks, this mechanism may cause unnecessary retransmissions if asynchronous ACKs are dropped due to packet losses or arrive late and thus compromise the throughput gain brought by network coding. In this paper, we propose a framework of joint rate control and code selection (ORC) to address this issue, aiming at improving the performance gain of opportunistic network coding in wireless networks. The framework of ORC consists of two mechanisms: (1) Rate control: the optimal transmission rate for coded packets is selected by formulating the rate control process as a Finite Horizon Markov Decision Process. (2) Code selection: based on the results of rate selection, the packet combination for forming the coded packet is determined. Numerical results show that ORC can substantially improve the performance gain of opportunistic network coding compared with COPE.     

Cross-Layer Rate Control, Routing and Scheduling Design for Multicast with Network Coding in Ad Hoc Networks

Network coding is a powerful coding technique that has been proved to be very effective in achieving the maximum multicast capacity. It is especially suited for new emerging networks such as ad-hoc and sensor networks. In this paper, we develop a distributed rate control algorithm for multicast session in ad hoc networks. With random network coding, the algorithm can be implemented in a distributed manner, and work at transport layer to adjust source rates and at network layer to carry out network coding. The scheduling element of our algorithm is a dynamic scheduling policy. The stability of the resulted system is established, and simulation results are provided to support our conclusions.     

基于流的无线网络编码

针对无线链路的不可靠性和物理层的广播特性,将网络编码与无线网络相结合,提出一种基于流的无线网络编码算法——FNC。该算法在先验参考路径的基础上,充分利用每个节点处的路由表项,探测编码机会,在有编码机会的节点对满足编码条件的数据流进行网络编码,达到提高网络吞吐量的目的。仿真结果表明：FNC有效提高了整个网络的吞吐量,改善了网络性能。     

Weighted partial network coding and its applications in wireless mesh networks

Network coding (NC) has showed to be beneficial to improve transmission performance in wireless mesh networks. Random linear coding is usually applied as the default coding schema. However, random linear coding causes significant decoding delay and jitter at receiver. Further, current NC does not support weight assignment to original packets, which is however indispensable for popular applications such as quality of service control and multipath media streaming in wireless mesh networks. Partial network coding (PNC) can largely reduce decoding delay and receiving fluctuation while keeping the benefit of NC. However, PNC does not support weight‐based data replacement and weight assignment to original packets. In this work, we propose weighted partial network coding (WPNC), which is a generalized coding schema of PNC. WPNC inherits all merits of PNC and part of NC. With WPNC, both decoding delay and receiving fluctuation will be reduced as observed in PNC. Also, WPNC is quite suitable for those applications that require weight assignment to original packets. After providing the whole framework of WPNC and thorough theoretical analysis to its performance, we have demonstrated how WPNC can be integrated with quality of service control and multipath routing supported media streaming in wireless mesh networks. Performance of WPNC is inter‐validated by both theoretical analysis and numeric evaluations. Copyright © 2011 John; Wiley & Sons, Ltd.