采用WiMAX信号的无源SAR成像方法

无源雷达自身不发射信号,依靠外部照射源实现对目标的探测或成像。现代通信的发展为无源雷达提供了更多的可用外部照射源,如全球移动通信信号、卫星导航信号、无线网络信号(WiFi)等。WiMAX是一项新兴的基于IEEE 802.16标准的宽带无线城域网技术,其作为无源雷达照射源,相比已有照射源具有距离分辨率高和探测距离远的优点。文中给出了一种利用WiMAX信号进行无源SAR成像的方法,推导出获得一维距离像的匹配滤波器,并实现了二维WiMAX-SAR成像。仿真结果验证了采用WiMAX信号进行SAR成像的可行性。     

一种新的采用分布式孔径的无源雷达成像方法

该文提出一种新的利用机会照射源的无源分布式雷达目标成像方法。首先基于波方程建立接收回波信号模型。然后建立新的无源回波模型,该模型将所有接收单元(或接收机)处的回波信号用某一基准接收单元处的接收信号来描述,无需发射源信息。基于分布式孔径获得的数据有限,成像被描述为目标位置未知的二元假设检验。采用无源回波模型,依据最大信噪比准则构造空间可分辨的检测统计量,对观测区域每个位置进行检测,最终形成关于成像区域的检测统计量图像,获知目标位置信息。在给出该成像方法分辨率的理论分析的基础上,进一步通过仿真实验验证了理论分析结果和成像方法的有效性。     

基于分布式压缩感知的窄带LFMCW旋翼成像方法

针对窄带LFMCW体制雷达旋翼成像问题,研究了一种基于分布式压缩感知(DCS)的窄带LFMCW旋翼ISAR成像方法。在该方法中,根据窄带LFMCW体制雷达成像与传统脉冲体制回波模型上的差异,基于转速参数估计和压缩感知理论,建立了LFMCW体制雷达旋翼回波稀疏基以及稀疏表示模型,在此基础上,研究了相应的ISAR成像方法。在该算法中,首先提取出脉压后旋翼所在距离单元内的回波,通过自相关思想并利用图像熵完成对旋翼目标叶片个数和旋翼转速的估计;然后对于方位欠采样条件时传统方法不适用于LFMCW雷达的旋翼成像问题,根据旋翼转速信息构建出窄带LFMCW分布式稀疏基,将Dechirp后的回波信号通过DSOMP算法进行重构,实现最终成像。仿真结果验证了所研究方法的可行性和有效性。     

调频连续波SAR的研究进展

调频连续波合成孔径雷达(SAR)是一种新体制的高分辨率成像雷达,具有体积小,重量轻,耗电少,造价低,分辨率高等优点,非常适合小型化SAR的应用。文中建立了更易于实现的调频连续波SAR回波信号模型,给出了基本的成像处理流程;综述了国内外调频连续波SAR的最新进展,讨论了可能的应用背景,分析了进一步发展面临的主要技术问题。分析表明,调频连续波SAR具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于GPS信号的双基SAR数值距离徙动成像算法

非对称星-机双基SAR成像算法研究是双基SAR研究的难点问题之一。该文针对以GPS卫星为照射源的连续波星-机双基SAR,提出一种基于数值计算的快速双基距离徙动成像算法(RMA)。此方法利用瞬时多普勒频率法得到系统回波信号精确的2维频域解析式,并用数值方法得到RMA算法所用的匹配函数和插值函数。此算法既有RMA算法速度快,精度高的特点,又有后向投影(BP)算法适用范围广的特点。     

调频连续波SAR非线性处理方法研究

合成孔径雷达系统畸变引入的幅相误差严重影响了雷达的成像效果,必须予以校正才能获得高质量的图像。该文针对调频连续波SAR系统频率响应非理想特性引入的幅相误差以及信号扫频非线性误差对系统性能的影响,分析建立了存在系统误差的调频连续波SAR系统回波信号模型,研究了系统误差估计与校正的问题,并考虑小型化调频连续波SAR实时成像处理的需求,提出了一种改进的适合实时成像处理的调频连续波SAR的高精度非线性距离-多普勒成像处理算法。最后,通过理论推导和仿真分析,验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于单特显点调频连续波阵列SAR系统幅相误差校正方法研究

调频连续波(Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave,FMCW)阵列合成孔径雷达系统(SAR)将FMCW体制与阵列SAR技术相结合,在军事和民用领域都有着广泛的应用前景。但是,实际调频连续波阵列SAR系统中不可避免地存在调频率非线性误差和多通道幅相误差问题,如不校正会造成雷达图像质量降级。该文建立考虑上述误差的信号模型,并针对该模型提出一种基于单特显点回波数据的误差校正方案和成像处理流程,最后通过仿真和实际数据处理验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于积累孔径插值技术的星载间断调频连续波SAR成像方法

间断调频连续波(IFMCW)合成孔径雷达(SAR)模式通过在不同时间间隔内交替发射和接收信号,解决了星载调频连续波(FMCW)SAR必须收发分置的问题。然而,在该模式下,雷达天线会间歇性地工作于发射和接收状态,从而导致回波数据中出现周期性的空缺。为了解决上述问题,该文提出了一种基于积累孔径插值技术的缺失数据迭代自适应成像处理方法(MIAA-AAIT),用于恢复缺失的数据。实验结果表明,所提方法可以有效地恢复缺失数据,从而显著提高成像质量,大幅降低由周期性数据缺失引起的虚假目标能量。     

基于外辐射源的运动目标成像技术

基于外辐射源的运动目标探测、定位与成像技术是目前新体制雷达研究的热点之一。文中介绍了基于外辐射源的无源雷达对运动目标成像的研究现状,分析了利用电视或调频广播等外辐射源信号作为机会照射源的多基地无源雷达成像系统的构成和基本原理,并且选取了12个电台信号作为外辐射源,利用无源雷达成像技术对运动目标进行了仿真实验,最后探讨了该无源雷达成像体制的若干关键技术和应用前景。     

线性调频连续波SAR成像处理研究

机载遥感微波成像雷达在地球观测特别是在城市应用中起着非常重要的作用，线性调频连续波雷达设备的高可靠性和紧凑性、低成本使得其适于机载系统多次重复应用，分析了连续波线性调频雷达构成机载合成孔径雷达的优点和应用环境，分析了连续波线性调频合成孔径雷达(SAR)的信号设计和相应的信号处理方法，给出了相应的仿真结果，通过仿真可以看出，连续波SAR具有较好的空间分辨力。     

基于星载机会源的空间目标外辐射源雷达探测技术可行性研究

空间目标监视雷达通常采用有源雷达,为了充分发挥无源雷达在空间目标监视中的本身优势,该文分析了利用卫星信号作为机会源的外辐射源雷达探测空间目标的可行性。首先,从可探测时间、直达波抑制等角度分析了利用卫星信号的外辐射源雷达能够较好地探测低轨目标。同时,仿真分析了卫星信号外辐射源雷达Ku 和L 波段空间目标双站横截面积(Radar Cross Section, RCS),为空间目标前向散射能量的选择提供基础。最后,研究了系统增益、积累时间、辐射源选择等系统关键参数,从关键参数的分析可以看出,利用同步卫星电视的外辐射源雷达系统规模相对较小。分析结果可以大大促进卫星外辐射源雷达探测空间目标的发展。      

利用多普勒分辨的FMCW SAR成像算法

调频连续波合成孔径雷达(FMCW SAR)具有低成本、低功耗的优势,小型或微小型SAR普遍采用FMCW工作体制。目前已有的FMCW SAR成像方法均是依靠发射宽带信号获取距离向高分辨,本文给出一种新的FMCW SAR成像算法。该算法除了利用距离分辨外,还可通过利用脉内多普勒频率,有效利用连续波较好的多普勒分辨率,使FMCW SAR在近距离成像时,距离向的分辨率可以不仅受带宽限制,在FMCW带宽较窄时也能够提供良好的距离向分辨率。在算法流程、成像视线方向和分辨率三方面,与基于距离分辨率的传统FMCW SAR成像算法进行对比,分析给出的成像算法的性能,并通过仿真实验进行验证。      

利用GSM为信号源的探测系统

目前利用机会照射源的被动式双(多)基地雷达得到广泛关注,可用的外辐射源有电视广播信号、卫星信号等,论述了一种新的机会照射源--GSM信号.利用GSM基站的下行信号为发射源构成被动式雷达系统,详细地分析了GSM信号的构成形式及特点,分析了以其作为信号源的雷达系统的可行性.同时仿真了该雷达系统的探测覆盖范围,并给出了目标检测及定位方法.     

Blind-velocity SAR/ISAR imaging of a moving target in a stationarybackground

A synthetic aperture radio/inverse synthetic aperture radar (SAR/ISAR) coherent system model and inversion to image a target moving with an unknown constant velocity in a stationary background are presented. The approach is based on a recently developed system modelling and inversion principle for SAR/ISAR imaging that utilizes the spatial Fourier decomposition of SAR data in the synthetic aperture domain to convert the SAR system model's nonlinear phase functions into linear phase functions suitable for a computationally manageable inversion. It is shown that SAR/ISAR imaging of a moving target can be converted into imaging the target in a stationary squint-mode SAR problem where the parameters of the squint-mode geometry depend on the target's velocity. A method for estimating the moving target's velocity that utilizes a spatial Doppler analysis of the SAR data within overlapping subapertures is presented. The spatial Doppler technique does not require the radar signal to be narrowband, so the reconstructed image's resolution is not sacrificed to improve the target's velocity estimator.     

Analytical modelling and software implementation of synthetic aperture radars

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging systems are a complement to passive remote sensing. However, the process of image formation is so complex that the final image in the system is formed only after three basic steps: raw data acquisition, forming the signal and the image space. In addition, there are various factors that are involved in the information recorded by SAR within the system and outside the system, such as radar, platform, processing algorithm, imaging region and channel. Each of these factors has been formed by many parameters and this issue adds to the complexity of the behaviour of SAR. Therefore, due to the complexity, providing a model that describes how the SAR imaging system works is highly important. In this paper, the performance of SAR in the image formation section is analytically modelled at first, and then implemented as software. Raw data acquisition is performed in CST software and the signal and image formation are performed in MATLAB software. This implementation provides many abilities, such as better interpretation of SAR images, simulating the effect of the important parameters in SAR images, etc.     

A Fast and Accurate Far-Field Pseudopolar Format Radar Imaging Algorithm

A novel imaging algorithm to be used under the condition of having an image scene in the far field of a linear radar aperture is presented. This is an application scenario that is drastically different from those of spaceborne and airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, which has not been properly addressed to date. The technique is particularly tailored for a stepped-frequency continuous wave (CW) or frequency-modulated CW radar. The radar aperture must be linear and can be formed either with a physical or synthetic array. With the suggested method, the radar reflectivity of the image scene is obtained through an interpolation-free series expansion, where only 2-D fast Fourier transforms of the frequency-domain backscatter data are required. The resulting image is sampled on a “polarlike” or pseudopolar grid, which is introduced to simplify the formulation. The main advantages of this method are its extremely low computational cost and the high accuracy of the resulting imagery. The technique is extensively validated both with numerical simulations and two ground-based SAR data sets. Last but not least, numerical simulations show that this technique can be used with an ultrawideband radar of 1 GHz of bandwidth.      

多发单收模式下基于CDT的无源雷达成像方法

提出了一种在多发单收模式下基于相干多普勒层析（CDT）成像的无源雷达成像算法。该算法通过将单个接收机接收的来自不同视线角的各电视台的反射信号等效成单站回波信号,利用CDT成像算法对旋转目标成像。该算法只需蓰取电视台的载频信号,计算简单。文中对算法进行了理论推导,仿真结果说明了该算法的有效性。     

A Low-Power High-Sensitivity X-Band Rail SAR Imaging System [Measurement's Corner]

Wideband radar imaging with range gating and high sensitivity can be achieved with the use of low-cost commercially available narrowband IF filters. Such filters reduce the effective receiver noise bandwidth of the radar system. This allows for high sensitivity, comparable to that of single-sideband radio receivers, while at the same time acquiring de-chirped wide-band received waveforms. A carefully developed radar architecture, based on the use of these IF filters, is shown in this paper. This radar architecture is then implemented in an X-band linear rail synthetic-aperture-radar (SAR) imaging system. The X- band rail SAR is a linear FM-chirped radar, which chirps from approximately 7.5 GHz to 12.5 GHz. The radar front end is mounted onto an eight-foot-long linear rail. The transmitted power is adjustable to 10dBm or less. It will be shown that objects as small as groups of pushpins in free space can be imaged using transmitted power as low as 10 nW. These results are compared to previous direct-conversion X-band FMCW rail SAR work. A high-sensitivity X-band rail SAR such as this could be useful for measuring low-radar-cross-section (RCS) targets. This radar could be used in high clutter environments that require a range gate. This low-power X-band rail SAR could be useful for operation in restricted transmission areas, where maximum radiated power is severely limited. Other applications include any that require low transmitter power, such as automotive radar.