基于交通状态切换的自适应背景更新算法

提出了一种新的道路交通自适应背景更新算法,该算法采用虚拟线圈检测车辆平均速度,并按平均速度将交通状态区分为“畅通”和“拥堵”,以此作为背景更新的切换条件;当车辆处于畅通状态时,主要以光照变化作为背景更新的条件,并采用混合高斯模型与连续帧间差背景更新模型相结合的融合模型进行更新;当车辆处于拥堵状态时,则不进行更新;算法中引入了背景更新的评价函数,使得背景更新能够自动停止;实验结果表明该算法具有传统背景建模的优点,并且提高了实时更新的效果与减少了计算量.     

基于改进背景减法的视频图像运动目标检测

为解决传统背景减法在动态背景下受噪声干扰和运动目标检测准确性不高的问题,提出一种基于改进背景减法的视频图像运动目标检测方法。在背景建模阶段,为易于计算和提高检测精度,采用基于GMM的图像块均值方法重构背景模型;在目标检测阶段,采用数学形态学和小波半软阈值函数相结合的方法对检测到的运动目标进行去噪处理;在背景更新阶段,采用自适应背景更新方法进行背景更新。实验结果表明,所提方法提高了运动目标检测的准确性,验证了其有效性。     

视频监控系统中运动目标的检测和阴影抑制

提出了一种室内静止摄像机条件下的运动目标检测和阴影抑制方法。该方法采用一种自适应的背景估计方法来实时更新背景,用基于概率分类法检测运动目标,并在联合HMMD色彩空间和光度特征来抑制阴影之后,用Sobel边缘检测来修正运动目标。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地检测运动目标和抑制阴影。     

基于高斯背景模型的车辆检测改进算法

针对车辆检测中实时性、准确性以及自适应性很难兼顾的问题,提出了一种快速有效的车辆检测算法。该算法采用阈值判定背景区域和更新区域,根据背景变化的程度,利用动态权值更新学习率,使用基于单高斯背景模型方法,结合逻辑"或"运算检测出车辆。实验结果表明,该算法能够快速准确地检测出车辆,并且在背景更新过程中实现了自适应,并具有一定的鲁棒性。     

高速移动错位下的车辆通信参数精确检测

高速移动车辆错位通信条件下,车辆信号模糊程度增强,导致传统基于信号特征的车辆通信参数检测算法无法准确分析车辆通信参数,具有一定的局限性;提出一种基于改进卡曼尔滤波算法的高速移动错位下车辆通信参数检测方法,分析了车辆快速移动过程中最佳通信节点的定位,对最佳车辆节点进行融合,获取最佳车辆通信参数,采用改进的卡尔曼滤波算法,得到一系列递推检测算法,建立信号以及噪声的状态空间模型,依据前时刻的车辆通信参数检测值和当前时刻的检测值,对高速移动错位下车辆通信参数变量检测值进行修正,及时更新改进卡曼尔滤波算法检测噪声的协方差,实现高速移动错位下车辆通信参数的准确检测;实验检测结果表明,所提方法的可准确检测高速移动错位下的车辆通信参数,具有较高的效率和精度。     

一种自适应运动目标检测算法及其应用

针对ViBe算法在动态背景下存在鬼影消除时间长、算法适应性差、前景检测噪声多的问题,本文提出一种基于ViBe算法框架的改进算法.该算法采用鬼影检测法标记第1帧中的鬼影区域,并向位于鬼影区域的背景模型中强制引入背景样本,从而快速抑制鬼影;在像素分类过程中,引入自适应分类阈值,解决全局阈值易受动态噪声干扰的问题;在背景模型更新中,根据像素分类的匹配值来动态决定更新因子,提高算法适应场景变化的能力.定性与定量的对比实验结果表明,本文算法相较于ViBe算法能够有效地检测动态背景下的运动目标,应用于河流漂浮物检测场景中也有较好的效果.     

基于ViBe的室外动态背景闪烁像素噪声消除方法

针对使用视觉背景提取(ViBe)模型在室外动态背景下进行移动目标检测时存在不规则闪烁像素点对前景检测结果造成干扰的问题,提出一种基于视觉背景提取算法的闪烁像素噪声消除方法。在背景模型建立阶段设定背景模型样本标准差阈值,约束背景模型的采样值范围以提高背景模型准确性。在前景检测阶段引入自适应检测阈值提高前景物体检测精度,在背景模型更新过程中对图像边缘背景像素点进行边缘抑制以阻止错误背景样本值更新到背景模型。在此基础上,结合形态学操作修复连通域,提高前景图像的完整性。最后选取多个视频序列将该方法与原始ViBe算法、形态学改进方法的检测结果进行对比。实验结果表明,该方法能有效消除闪烁像素噪声对前景检测造成的影响,获取更精确的前景图像。     

基于概率统计自适应背景模型的运动目标检测方法

为了更好地进行运动目标检测,提出了一种基于概率统计的自适应背景模型的运动目标检测方法。该方法能够自适应选择背景和前景阈值,且不需要进行训练,而且在不同的场景下能够自适应进行选择。在此基础上,针对盲目更新和选择更新不足,还采用了像素聚类统计和概率相结合的背景更新模型,因为采用基于像素统计的更新机制能够适应场景中背景的局部改变(移入/移出物体),而采用概率更新则能够降低前景污染背景的程度。实验证明,该方法能够得到可靠的背景,改善了运动检测效果。     

基于背景差分的核密度估计前景检测方法

针对非参数核密度估计算法前景检测不够精确、运算量大的问题,提出了一种基于背景差分图像的核密度估计前景检测方法。该方法结合了单高斯模型和核密度估计模型进行初始背景建模,利用背景差分图像,过滤掉非动态背景区域,对动态背景区域采用核密度估计进行像素分类。同时,对非动态背景区域,采用渐进式更新;对动态背景区域,采用非参数核密度估计进行更新。实验结果表明,该算法能够精确地分割出前景目标,减少了误检噪声,降低了运算量。     

违章车辆快速检测方法研究——基于鲁棒颜色差分直方图

针对传统的智能交通系统中违章车辆检测方法实时性差、易受光照变化条件变化制约,影响后续辨别车辆违章和图像取证抓拍的问题,提出了一种基于颜色差分直方图和卡尔曼滤波的鲁棒、快速的违章车辆检测跟踪算法。该算法采用背景模糊匹配思想,选择初始背景图像;利用对环境变化鲁棒的颜色差分直方图算法检测运动目标;对运动目标团块的质心运动状态采用卡尔曼滤波进行跟踪预测,从而在预测的区域内检测同一目标团块;通过判断其质心运动轨迹,达到辨别违章车辆检测与抓拍的目的。通过对真实道路中不同天气条件下的场景进行检测,实验结果表明该算法能够快速而准确地检测违章车辆。     

车辆超车视觉辅助导航系统研究

为了能够提高行驶速度,保障行车安全,提高行驶环境认知,设计了一个基于单目视觉的车辆自适应道路、前车检测、超车指导系统,其主要应用于双车道结构化道路,而且在晴天与阴天不同天气情况下,车道线以及深色、浅色车辆均可识别,并可跟踪、超越前车。实验结果表明,该系统可以应用于不同环境背景下,该系统已通过了远距离自动、安全、准确地检测,并进行了超越前车的仿真实验。     

An image detection technique based on morphological edge detection and background differencing for real-time traffic analysis

The real-time vehicle detection from a traffic scene is the major process in image processing based traffic data collection and analysis techniques. The most common algorithm used for real-time vehicle detection is based on background differencing and thresholding operations. The efficiency of this method of image detection is heavily dependent on the background updating and threshold selection techniques. In this paper, a new background updating and a dynamic threshold selection technique is presented. An alternative image detection technique used in image processing is based on edge detection techniques. However, an edge detector extracts the edges of the objects of a scene irrespective of whether it belongs to the background details or the objects. Therefore, to separate these two, extra information is required. We have developed a new image detection method based on background differencing and edge detection techniques, which separates the objects from their backgrounds and works well under various lighting and weather conditions. This image detection technique together with other techniques for calculating traffic parameters e.g. counting number of vehicles, works in real-time on an 80386-based microcomputer operating at a clock speed of 33 MHz.     

基于背景差分法的模型改进方法研究

通过对图像处理中背景差分法的背景模型研究和分析,提出了一种能够自动更新速率值的混合高斯模型.通过仿真实验,对比了基于传统背景模型和改进后的背景模型的车辆检测效果,证明了提出的方法不仅具有更好的检测效果,而且具有更强的实时性和准确性.     

一种基于彩色路面区域分割的候选车辆区域视频检测方法

提出了一种基于彩色路面区域分割的候选车辆视频检测方法.该方法首先根据路面部分颜色的分布特点从单帧彩色图像中分割出路面部分并完成路面区域背景的初始化,然后通过对路面区域运用背景差方法和相关后处理过程进行动静态候选车辆的检测和分割.由于采用一种双背景策略能够在车辆检测的同时完成背景的训练和替换更新,该算法克服了传统背景差算法背景更新时容易存在误差累积以及对环境光线变化敏感的缺点,实现简单、稳健性好,可以满足交通视频监控系统中背景更新和车辆检测的实时性处理要求,实验结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

全天候车辆实时检测系统

为解决全天候车辆检测技术精度不高的难题,提出了一种新型联合检测算法。通过在混合高斯背景建模法中加入膨胀、腐蚀算法,减少了视频车辆图像中的大量断点和随机噪声;利用最小面积法设置外接矩形框并通过不断调整矩形框的大小和位置,准确框选出视频图像中的目标车辆。由于夜间光线场景复杂,以能被明显区分的车前灯作为目标,通过直方图双峰阈值法和分水岭分割法将其从视频图像的背景中分离,并基于车前灯的形态参数,设置合适的车灯匹配条件,提出一种实时的车灯配对、车辆跟踪算法,大幅提高了夜间车辆检测的准确度。提出的新型联合车辆检测算法,有效地消除了由于外界光线环境改变造成的车辆检测误差,为全天候车辆检测提供了新思路,具有很强的针对性和重要的现实意义。     

基于背景自适应更新的车辆阴影检测算法

对基于视频的交通流量参数检测及交通路口控制方法而言,车辆检测是很关键的一步,但是由于车辆阴影的客观存在,经常会造成汽车数量的误检。本文在背景自适应更新的基础上,对阴影建立了模型并对检测算法进行了改进,以提高车辆检测精度。     

Automatic system for operational traffic monitoring using very-high-resolution satellite imagery

Vehicle detection from very-high-resolution satellite imagery has received increasing interest during the last few years. In this article, we propose an automatic system for operational traffic monitoring using very-high-resolution optical satellite imagery (0.5–0.6 m resolution) of small highways with low traffic density and a range of different illumination conditions, including cloud-shadowed, hazy, and partially cloudy conditions. The proposed system includes cloud and cloud shadow detection, road detection, and vehicle detection, classification, and counting. The main part of the system is vehicle detection, which is constructed using an elliptical blob detection strategy followed by region growing and feature extraction steps. Vehicular objects are separated from non-vehicular objects using a K-nearest-neighbour classifier, with various classical features used for pattern recognition, as well as some proposed application-specific features, and are also classified according to vehicle size. The fully automatic processing chain has been validated on a selection of satellite scenes from different parts of Norway, including imagery with large amounts of cloud, fog, cloud shadows, and similar conditions that complicate image interpretation. The overall vehicle detection rate was 85.4% and the false detection rate was 9.2%. Overall, this demonstrates the potential of operational traffic monitoring using very-high-resolution satellites.     

Corner based statistical modelling in vehicle detection under various condition for traffic surveillance

The paper proposes a robust approach to detect and track the vehicle under various climatic conditions and in the presence of camera shake, shadows, sudden illumination change. Corners have significant features to detect and track the vehicle. Corner points from the vehicular region are segmented from non - vehicular regions based on the statistical background corner point model. The foreground corner points that belong to the vehicular region are grouped using Euclidean distance as they are closely associated with each other. The flickering effects caused by the corner detection algorithm are handled by tracking these corner points. The detection accuracy of the algorithm is 94.32%.

     

TRAFFIC VIDEO-BASED MOVING VEHICLE DETECTION AND TRACKING IN THE COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT

Moving vehicle detection and tracking is the key technology in the intelligent traffic monitoring system. For the shortcomings and deficiencies of the frame-subtraction method, a novel Marr wavelet, kernel-based background modeling method and a background subtraction method based on binary discrete wavelet transforms (BDWT) are introduced. The background model keeps a sample of intensity values for each pixel in the image and uses this sample to estimate the probability density function of the pixel intensity. The density function is estimated using a new Marr wavelet kernel density estimation technique. The background and current frame are transformed by BDWT, and moving vehicles are detected in the binary discrete wavelet transforms domain. For the shortages of RGB (Red, Green, Blue) or HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) color space-based vehicle shadow segmentation algorithms, shadow segmentation algorithm based on YCbCr color space and edge detection is proposed. The original data of the shadow according to the characteristics of the YCbCr space is chosen, and then, combined with edge detection, the shape and location of the vehicle region is determined. An automatic particle filtering algorithm is used to track the vehicle after detection and obtaining the center of the object. An actual road test shows that the algorithm can effectively remove the influence of pedestrians and cyclists in the complex environment, and can track the moving vehicle exactly. The algorithm with better robustness has a practical value in the field of intelligent traffic monitoring.