上半年钢铁行业运行情况及下半年面临的形势

[本刊讯]在7月30日召开的中国钢铁工业协会三届八次常务理事（扩大）会议上，单尚华秘书长在作题为《加快结构调整，转变发展方式，努力实现我国钢铁工业科学发展》的工作报告中，回顾了上半年钢铁行业运行情况及存在的问题，分析了下半年行业面临的形势。     

协会上半年主要工作回顾和下半年重点工作

[本刊讯]在7月30日召开的中国钢铁工业协会三届八次常务理事（扩大）会议上，单尚华秘书长在作题为（（加快结构调整，转变发展方式，努力实现我国钢铁工业科学发展》的工作报告中，回顾了上半年协会开展的主要工作及下半年重点工作要求。     

Older chronic patients and their care provisions in the first half of the twentieth century

Contrary to popular beliefs the Dutch nursing home came into existence not after, but long before 1945. The special care units for the old chronic patient (developed between 1900 and 1950) were a response to the problematic status of these patients in the workhouses and general hospitals. In both institutions, they occupied 'the wrong bed'. The workhouses were subject to a lot of criticism because the provided housing for the complete range of elderly persons. This criticism triggered a growing need for specialized and separated housing facilities for the able and disabled elderly. In general hospitals the elderly patients occupied beds needed for other patients, while the care was too expensive. This problem increased because of the ageing of the hospital population. The latter was caused by the age-related increase of both the admission ratio and the average length of stay. In reaction to these problems, inside and outside the existing facilities, special care units with emphasis on nursing, were developed for the elderly chronic patient. Thus, during the first half of this century this provided the foundation of the future nursing homes, which developed so successfully after 1950.     

21世纪头20年中国炼铁工业面临的挑战

对21世纪头20年中国炼铁工业需要解决的若干问题进行了阐述.认为中国的生铁产量尽管在2005年已经达到了33040万t,但是中国炼铁工业仍然存在许多问题,诸如:高炉的结构有待合理调整;能源消耗太高;炼铁工业的排放量和对环境的影响非常严重;铁矿资源和能源短缺将成制约中国炼铁工业进一步发展的瓶颈.因此,中国炼铁工业必须面向国内市场,优先解决节约资源和环境保护问题.中国炼铁工业在21世纪的健康发展取决于中国在21世纪的头20年如何应对各种挑战.     

2003年上半年锌市场回顾与下半年展望

文章回顾了今年上半年国内外锌市场概况,同时对下半年的锌市场进行了分析和预测。认为国内外锌价继续在历史低谷波动;冶炼能力仍处于净增长状态;锌消费增长快于产量增长,但全年仍将供应过剩;下半年锌价仍以区间震荡为主,但底部将抬高。     

2003年上半年铅市场评述及下半年市场预测

文章回顾了今年上半年国内外铅市场概况,并对下半年铅市场进行了展望。上半年全球精铅产量下降、消费回升,LME铅价底部逐步提高。下半年全球精铅消费将较大幅度回升,精铅供应将出现短缺,LME铅价将彻底摆脱410～450美元/t的底部区间,国内精铅产量、消费及出口均将增长,价格将随LME铅价走高而小幅上升。     

On the threshold of the second century of psychology.

This article discusses the 1987 Conference on Graduate Education and Training in Psychology held at the University of Utah. It focuses on the new challenges in the generation of knowledge and new applied and technical opportunities. It was built on a contemporary history of extraordinary growth and change in psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

C.-E. A. Winslow: scientist, activist, and theoretician of the American public health movement throughout the first half of the twentieth century

C.-E. A. Winslow was the leading theoretician of the American public health movement during the entire first half of the twentieth century. An eminent bacteriologist, he subsequently made outstanding scientific contributions to occupational health and to the hygiene of housing. As activist, theoretician and historian, he played an important role in environmental health, epidemiology and disease prevention, public health administrative practice, health education, public health nursing, mental health, medical care, and the improvement of living standards. When he died in 1957, the American Journal of Public Health commented that "For a long half century Professor Winslow could be found always at the thick of the struggle for the people's health. In whatever area new gains appeared possible of achievement, there he would be--planning, inspiring, leading, or digging in to hold the advance."     

钢铁行业上半年运行情况及下半年发展趋势分析

一、2008年上半年我国钢铁工业运行情况 2008年是极不平凡的一年，全球经济不确定因素增加，国内遭受严重自然灾害，增加了宏观凋控的难度。在复杂多变的宏观形势下，我国经济发展的基本面没有改变，钢铁行业认真贯彻落实国家宏观调控的方针政策，以科学发展观统领发展全局，努力转变发展方式，进一步提高经济运行的质量和效益，1-6月全行业经济运行呈现良好的态势，向着宏观调控的预期方向发展。主要有以下六个特点：     

上半年钢铁行业运行特点及下半年发展走势

在7月30日召开的中国钢铁工业协会三届四次常务理事（扩大）会议上，中国钢铁工业协会秘书长单尚华在作题为《扎实推进结构调整和发展方式转变，实现钢铁行业又好又快发展》工作报告中，就上半年钢铁行业运行特点及下半年发展走势及需重点关注的问题，进行了分析。     

Fetal growth in the baboon during the second half of pregnancy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of feeding tube placement errors in children. DESIGN AND METHODS: The hospital records of 201 children having both an enteral tube and at least one radiograph showing tube placement were retrospectively reviewed. Chart review was also used to determine the risk factors associated with these errors. Tube placement error was defined as tube tip or orifices in the esophagus or intestine (if the tube was supposed to be in the stomach) or tip or orifices in the esophagus or stomach (if the tube was supposed to be in the intestine.) RESULTS: On the first day, a radiograph documenting tube placement showed that 32 of the 201 children (15.9%) had tube placement errors. Overall, 53 tube placement errors were evident during the 385 observation days on which radiographs were obtained (13.8%). Of the 201 children, 42 (20.9%) had experienced tube placement errors at some time during the period reviewed. Over all radiograph days, activity level was independently related to radiographic tube placement (p = < 0.02), with more errors among active children. Also, classification regression tree analysis showed that age, level of consciousness (alert or comatose versus semicomatose), abdominal distention, vomiting, and orogastric tubes were associated with more tube placement errors. NURSING IMPLICATIONS: Nurses need to be especially careful in assessing tube placement if the pediatric client has one or more of the identified risk factors. Health care providers need to carefully weigh the benefits and risks of feeding by nasal or oral enteral tubes versus the benefits and risks of feeding by endoscopically or surgically placed enteral tubes.     

2008年上半年协会开展的重点工作及下半年重点工作安排

在7月30日召开的中国钢铁工业协会三届四次常务理事（扩大）会议上，中国钢铁工业协会秘书长单尚华在作题为《扎实推进结构调整和发展方式转变，实现钢铁行业又好又快发展》工作报告中，介绍了协会上半年开展的重点工作，并提出了下半年重点工作任务。     

今年上半年协会开展的主要工作

在7月31日召开的中国钢铁工业协会二届七次常务理事(扩大)会议上,中国钢铁工业协会常务副会长兼秘书长罗冰生在所作的工作报告中,总结了中国钢铁工业协会上半年开展的主要工作并提出了下半年应重点作好的工作。     

Differential use of premarital education in first and second marriages.

Although second marriages are more likely to end in divorce than first marriages, and thus represent an important target for intervention, there have been no detailed examinations of the use of premarital education in second marriages. Using random-digit dialing methods, 398 individuals currently in a second marriage and 1,342 individuals currently in a first marriage participated. Compared with those in first marriages, individuals in second marriages were significantly less likely to receive premarital education for their current marriage. This difference was fully mediated by differences between individuals in first and second marriages in pre-engagement cohabitation, education level, having children from a previous relationship, and being married by a religious leader. In both first and second marriages, those couples at most risk for subsequent marital distress and divorce were less likely to receive premarital education. Results suggest that more needs to be done to understand the barriers to the use of premarital education for second marriages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Quality of first and second solutions in group problem solving.

What effect does having a group solve a problem the second time have on the quality of group solutions? 100 students were divided into 25 groups of 4 each to "role play the case of the Change of Work Procedures. The roles of the foreman and three workers were assigned randomly to the members of each group." When they finished, "they were asked to arrive at a second solution to the problem." Although the double-solution method seemed to require little more time, the "solution quality was generally increased without a loss of acceptance." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Not only in the eye of the beholder: Tactile information can affect aesthetic evaluation.

The study tested if evaluation of Aesthetic quality is influenced by tactile information and whether the evaluation process is affected more by one modality (vision) than another (touch). Tactile sensing and visual appreciation were compared with combined visual and tactile sensing of surface textures. Three kinds of plastic textures on the outside of a DVD container and three sample swatches of the textures used on the DVDs were used in the study. Three DVD containers were presented visually to the participants. This was followed by a blind haptic evaluation (i.e., the participants could only feel but not see the swatches) of the three different textured swatches, and then by combined visual and tactile evaluation of the three differently textured DVDs. One hundred and twelve participants took part in all 3 evaluations. A regression analysis showed that in 2 of the 3 conditions tested, overall Aesthetic evaluation was influenced both by vision and touch. To what extent the modalities influenced the evaluation depended upon which of the textures had been evaluated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

上半年主要钢铁产品进出口情况

2010年上半年,我国生产粗钢32317．2万吨,同比增长21．09％,增幅较去年同期增长了19个百分点;钢材产量达39868．3万吨（含重复材）,同比增长26．08％,增幅较去年同期增长了20个百分点。     

全面把握钢铁工业发展形势切实转变发展方式——2007年上半年我国钢铁行业运行情况及下半年运行态势分析

一、2007年上半年我国钢铁行业运行情况2007年以来,我国钢铁行业认真贯彻落实国家宏观调控的方针政策,全面把握我国面临工业化、城镇化、市场化、国际化的大趋势,以科学发展观统领发展全局,努力转变发展方式,进一步提高经济运行