Q460等级高强度钢材螺栓抗剪连接孔壁承压性能有限元分析

运用三维实体有限元数值模拟方法,对9组Q460等级高强度钢材螺栓抗剪连接试验进行材料、几何、接触非线性分析,详细介绍了建立有限元模型的具体方法,给出了极限承载力的求解全过程,提出了影响其模拟精度的重要因素.根据端距、边距和螺栓间距的不同,采用有限元模型模拟出了连接板发生的孔壁承压破坏、净截面破坏等不同的破坏模式,通过有限元分析得到的极限承载力计算值与试验值十分接近.结果表明:建立的有限元模型能够准确模拟高强度钢材孔壁承压性能,选择合适的应力-应变关系和接触刚度是影响计算精度的关键.     

高强度钢材螺栓抗剪连接孔壁承压性能研究及设计建议

高强度钢材(Q460级或更高强度)已在高层和大跨度建筑中逐步推广应用,但现行中国规范对高强度钢材螺栓连接计算的强度指标和构造要求尚未做出明确的规定,需要通过系统研究确定高强度钢材螺栓连接的设计强度指标和承载力计算方法.利用已验证的有限元模型,对端距e1、边距e2、螺栓间距p2、板厚t以及钢材屈服强度fy和抗拉强度fu的影响进行了参数分析,并与三种设计方法进行了比较.对比发现Mo(z)e建议公式的准确性最好,更能够真实地反映端距e1和边距e2对承载性能的影响;而欧洲规范设计方法相对来说过于保守;美国规范未能反映出边距e2的影响.最后利用剪切破坏理论,基于已有的试验数据和有限元参数分析结果,提出了中国规范当中Q460级高强度钢材螺栓连接钢板设计承压强度建议值.     

Q460高强钢螺栓连接承载性能试验研究

通过对20个Q460高强钢螺栓连接的静力拉伸试验,研究高强钢材料强度和螺栓布置方式对连接承载力和变形的影响。根据力平衡和变形协调条件建立方程,理论分析高强度钢材螺栓连接的受力性能,考察相关规范的适用性。结果表明：螺栓横向布置时,试件的承载力和变形随间距增大而增大;边距由1.5d0增大到2d0,端距由2d0增大到2.5d0时,试件极限承载力仅提高了0.78%和2.37%,说明达到标准构造取值后,边距和端距增大对连接的承载力影响甚微。螺栓纵向布置时,试件的承载力仅随边距增大呈线性增大趋势。钢板承压强度设计值取1.26fu,对于Q460高强度钢材其取值偏小。为国产高强度钢材螺栓连接的设计理论和方法提供了科学依据。     

Q690和Q275角钢螺栓连接块剪破坏承载性能研究

为分析Q690和Q275双排螺栓连接角钢的块剪破坏承载性能,采用ABAQUS软件建立非线性有限元计算模型,结合已有角钢螺栓连接受拉块剪破坏的试验数据,验证了模型的准确性。在此基础上,建立参数化模型分析了钢材强度等级、螺栓端距、螺栓数量和连接形式对角钢承载性能的影响,并基于分析结果对中、美钢结构设计规范和文献提出的块剪破坏计算公式进行了评估。结果表明：Q690高强度双排螺栓连接角钢的延性低于Q275强度角钢的延性,但仍然呈现出明显的延性破坏特性。螺栓端距和数量的增加可以提高角钢块剪破坏时的极限承载力,但提高的程度有限。角钢发生块剪破坏时,不同连接形式的偏心率对承载力没有明显的影响。中国和美国钢结构规范设计公式对角钢块剪破坏时的承载力预测值均偏于保守,中国规范更偏于安全。     

Q550钢材高强螺栓连接承压性能研究

高强螺栓承压型连接是钢结构中常用的节点连接方式,采用经验证可靠的Marc有限元计算模型对Q550高强度钢材高强螺栓承压型连接的承压性能进行数值模拟。分别对影响极限承载力的端距、边距、螺栓预紧力以及连接板件间的抗滑移系数等因素进行研究。研究结果表明:端距和边距二者共同影响Q550高强螺栓承压型连接的破坏模式和极限承载力,当端距和边距值分别取2. 0d0(d0为螺栓孔径)和1. 5d0时连接发生承压破坏并可以得到较高的承载力;对螺栓施加预紧力可以适当提高接头的极限承载力;抗滑移系数对极限承载力的影响不大。     

高强度钢材高强度螺栓摩擦型连接抗剪承载力试验研究

高强度螺栓摩擦型连接是钢结构连接的主要形式,现行标准规范对其设计和计算方法已有详细的规定,各国规范都给出了不同表面处理方式下的抗滑移系数和预拉力取值等要求,但大多规定都是基于普通强度钢材的试验和应用研究成果,特别是对高强度钢材的抗滑移系数研究更少。完成了4组Q550和4组Q690高强度钢材的高强度螺栓摩擦型连接抗剪试验,监测了48h内螺栓预拉力的变化情况,得到了喷砂和轧制表面两种表面处理方式下的抗滑移系数,并与各国规范进行了比较,发现抗滑移系数实测值低于大多数现行规范建议值。直接使用大部分规范建议值进行高强度钢材高强度螺栓摩擦型连接设计可能偏于不安全。     

高强度结构钢高强度螺栓摩擦型连接节点试验研究

针对钢板材质为Q460,Q550,Q690的高强度结构钢和Q345钢、摩擦面经过抛丸除锈和喷硬质石英砂处理的试件进行了高强度螺栓摩擦型连接试验。通过试验了解钢材强度、摩擦面处理方法以及螺栓排布方式对抗滑移系数的影响。试验结果表明,三种高强度钢材的抗滑移系数比较接近,与Q345钢的抗滑移系数相比有所降低。结合试验分析,为高强度结构钢高强度螺栓摩擦型连接节点的设计提供参考。     

高强度钢材疲劳性能研究进展

疲劳破坏是钢结构失效的主要形式,也是工程界与学术界关注的重点。在总结了国内外高强钢母材、焊缝连接和螺栓连接的疲劳性能研究现状基础上,介绍了疲劳寿命理论计算方法,结合大量试验数据分析统计了高强度钢材疲劳寿命发展规律,并基于国内外不同的疲劳设计规范对高强钢母材及连接接头的抗疲劳能力进行了评估。结果表明：随着钢材强度等级的提高,高强钢母材表现出较好的疲劳性能,规范设计曲线偏于保守,明显低估了高强钢母材的抗疲劳性能;受焊接工艺和焊接质量影响,高强钢焊缝连接的疲劳强度提高幅度较小,ANSI/AISC 360-10和EN 1993-1-9规范曲线能够较好地评估Q460D与Q690D焊缝连接的疲劳特性,并具有足够的安全储备;螺栓连接的疲劳强度受预紧力、摩擦面处理、成孔方式等众多因素影响,已有研究表明随着钢材强度的提高,疲劳强度亦有改善,ANSI/AISC 360-10和BS 7608-2014设计曲线适用于Q460螺栓连接疲劳寿命计算,具有足够安全保障,对于Q690钢螺栓连接疲劳性能评估,规范方法偏于保守。随着高强度钢材在实际工程中的应用增多,需开展大量不同等级高强钢母材和连接形式的疲劳试验,补充Q460及以上强度钢材的疲劳设计方法和细部连接构造。     

高强钢螺栓连接电弧热喷铝接触面抗滑移系数试验研究

高强钢结构对连接承载力的要求提高,为在高强钢结构中应用高强度螺栓摩擦型连接,需改进接触面处理方式以提高抗滑移系数.电弧热喷铝是一种新的接触面处理方式,其抗滑移系数较高,但目前电弧热喷铝接触面相关研究较少,应用于高强钢结构时缺少设计依据.针对Q460C,Q460D,Q890C三种牌号的高强钢,以及电弧热喷铝、轧制表面砂轮除锈和轧制表面钢丝刷除锈三种接触面处理方式,进行了 7组高强度钢材螺栓摩擦型连接试件的抗剪试验,分析了钢材强度、板件厚度、螺栓预拉力及接触面处理方式对抗滑移系数的影响.试验结果表明:荷载引起的10.9级高强度螺栓预拉力损失可达10％以上,经电弧热喷铝处理过的高强度钢材接触面抗滑移系数可达0.71,设计中建议按最小值取0.60.     

考虑孔周应力集中的摩擦型高强度螺栓抗滑移性能分析与设计方法研究

抗滑移性能是摩擦型高强度螺栓受剪连接的重要力学性能之一。为研究抗滑移性能的影响因素,设计并完成了单个高强度螺栓抗滑移性能试验和高强度螺栓群抗滑移性能试验,连接试件均为双面剪切且表面进行了抛丸处理。基于试验结果,建立了准确、可靠的有限元验证模型,据此对高强度螺栓受剪连接进行了参数分析,主要研究参数包括：螺栓预紧次序、连接板件厚度、垂直于内力方向的螺栓间距与边距以及顺内力方向的螺栓间距与边距。分析结果表明：连接板件最危险截面的塑性区分布对摩擦型高强度螺栓的抗滑移性能有着显著影响,设计时应考虑孔周应力集中现象对抗滑移承载力的折减;不同的截面受力情况对应的孔周应力集中系数存在明显差异。通过计算分析给出了螺栓抗滑移承载力折减系数建议值。相关研究成果可为摩擦型高强度螺栓受剪连接的设计提供改进思路。     

State-of-the-art on resistance of bearing-type bolted connections in high strength steel

With the recent development of material science, high strength steel (HSS) has become a practical solution for landmark buildings and major projects. The current codes for design of bearing-type bolted connections of steel constructions were established based on the research of conventional steels. Since the mechanical properties of HSS are different from those of conventional steels, more works should be done to develop the appropriate approach for the design of bearing-type bolted connections in HSS. A review of the research carried out on bearing-type bolted connections fabricated from conventional steel and HSS is presented. The up-to-date tests conducted at Tongji University on four connection types fabricated from three grades of HSS with nominal yield strengths of 550, 690, and 890 MPa are presented. The previous research on failure modes, bearing resistance and the design with consideration of bolt hole elongation are summarized. It is found that the behavior of bolted connections in HSS have no drastic difference compared to that of conventional steel connections. Although the ductility is reduced, plastic deformation capacity of HSS is sufficient to ensure the load redistribution between different bolts with normal construction tolerances. It is also found that behavior of each bolt of multi-bolt connections arranged in perpendicular to load direction is almost identical to that of a single-bolt connection with the same end distance. For connections with bolts arranged in parallel to load direction, the deformation capacity of the whole connection depends on the minimum value between the end distance and the spacing distances in load direction. The comparison with existing design codes shows that Eurocode3 and Chinese GB50017-2017 are conservative for the design of bolted connections in HSS while AISC 360-16 may overestimate the bearing resistance of bolted connections.     

Ultimate strength of single shear two-bolted connections with austenitic stainless steel

This paper has carried out finite element (FE) modeling and analysis in order to predict and estimate the structural behaviors such as ultimate strength, fracture mode and curling occurrence of austenitic stainless steel single shear bolted connections fabricated with two bolts (2 rows ×1 column bolt array). The data of existing test results for the calibration of numerical simulation were utilized. Prediction results obtained from finite element (FE) analysis were compared with the test results of single shear bolted connections with stainless steel and the validity of numerical models for predicting the ultimate behaviors of connections was verified. Curling (Out of plane deformation) caused strength reduction in both test and analysis results. Parametric studies have also been conducted with other extended variables of edge distance and end distance. The conditions of curling occurrence in terms of end distance and edge distance were suggested from assumed FE models and modified strength formula was proposed.     

高性能耐火钢高强度螺栓接头高温受剪性能试验研究

为促进高性能耐火钢材设计理论发展与工程应用,对采用不同型号高强度螺栓的10个高强度螺栓连接接头进行了不同温度条件下的受剪试验,其中包含4个采用普通高强度螺栓的连接接头以及6个采用BFRW10耐火高强度螺栓的连接接头,连接板均采用WGJ高性能耐火钢.试验研究了常温下螺栓接头的摩擦面抗滑移系数、不同温度下螺栓接头的荷载-位...     

重组竹钢夹板螺栓连接抗火性能试验研究

为研究重组竹钢夹板螺栓连接节点耐火极限及失效机理,依据ISO 834标准火灾试验方法设计并制作了3组24个螺栓连接试件,以螺栓数量、端距、行距、厚径比(竹板厚度与螺栓直径之比),持荷比(施加荷载与极限荷载之比)以及防火保护为试验参数,对其进行抗火性能试验研究。结果表明：当试件的厚径比为5.0~5.7时,单螺栓和多螺栓连接的破坏形态表现为螺栓孔压溃、竹材撕裂但螺栓未弯曲,当试件的厚径比为8.0~10.0时,破坏形态表现为螺栓孔压溃、竹材撕裂且螺栓弯曲,但厚径比对单螺栓连接耐火极限的影响并不显著;随着螺栓数量、端距和行距的增加,螺栓连接的耐火极限逐渐提高;增加持荷比使得螺栓连接耐火极限降低,防火保护对螺栓连接的抗火性能提升显著。通过对不同形式螺栓连接内部温度分析,揭示了火灾下重组竹材炭化性能及螺栓连接中孔受力对温度场的影响规律。     

Experimental study on the shear performance of quasi-NPR steel bolted rock joints

Quasi-NPR (negative Poisson’s ratio) steel is a new type of super bolt material with high strength, high ductility, and a micro-negative Poisson’s effect. This material overcomes the contrasting characteristics of the high strength and high ductility of steel and it has significant energy-absorbing characteristics, which is of high value in deep rock and soil support engineering. However, research on the shear resistance of quasi-NPR steel has not been carried out. To study the shear performance of quasi-NPR steel bolted rock joints, indoor shear tests of bolted rock joints under different normal stress conditions were carried out. Q235 steel and #45 steel, two representative ordinary bolt steels, were set up as a control group for comparative tests to compare and analyze the shear strength, deformation and instability mode, shear energy absorption characteristics, and bolting contribution of different types of bolts. The results show that the jointed rock masses without bolt reinforcement undergo brittle failure under shear load, while the bolted jointed rock masses show obvious ductile failure characteristics. The shear deformation capacity of quasi-NPR steel is more than 3.5 times that of Q235 steel and #45 steel. No fracture occurs in the quasi-NPR steel during large shear deformation and it can provide stable shear resistance. However, the other two types of control bolts become fractured under the same conditions. Quasi-NPR steel has significant energy-absorbing characteristics under shear load and has obvious advantages in terms of absorbing the energy released by shear deformation of jointed rock masses as compared with ordinary steel. In particular, the shear force plays a major role in resisting the shear deformation of Q235 steel and #45 steel, therefore, fracture failure occurs under small bolt deformation. However, the axial force of quasi-NPR steel can be fully exerted when resisting joint shear deformation; the steel itself does not break when large shear deformation occurs, and the supporting effect of the jointed rock mass is effectively guaranteed.     

High strength steel bolted connections with filler plates

The effects of undeveloped filler plates were experimentally evaluated for high strength steel bolted connections using standard size holes, oversize holes and multiple fillers. Filler plates up to 51 mm (2 in.) thick were utilized in connecting high performance A709 HPS 480W (HPS 70W) grade steel plates using 22 mm (0.88 in.) A490 bolts. With increasing filler thickness, the connection strength was found to decrease up to a limit and then recover for thicker fillers in standard and oversized hole connections. Multiple filler connections experienced the greatest strength decrease as the bolt failure shifted to the threads located outside the shear planes. Deformations also exhibited a limit, however the use of oversize holes resulted in 1.7 times larger deformations than standard or multiple fillers. Recommendations were developed for strength reduction and deformation amplification as function of filler thickness and bolt diameter.     

国产12.9级高强度螺栓力学性能试验研究

对国产12.9级高强度螺栓的工程力学性能进行全面测定,为其在建筑结构中的设计和应用以及相关标准的制定和修改提供试验依据。分别通过紧固试验、抗拉试验和剪切试验对不同品牌（A、B、C）和规格(M16、M20和M24)的各72套12.9级高强度螺栓连接副的扭矩系数、抗拉强度和剪切强度进行测定;通过抗滑移试验对72个由B品牌M20螺栓连接的、各采用3种方式处理（喷砂、抛丸和钢丝除锈）的Q235B、Q355B、Q420B连接板表面的连接接头的抗滑移系数进行测定;对5个A品牌M20螺栓制成的材性试样进行拉伸试验获得应力-应变曲线。对试验数据进行正态分布检验并根据统计结果给出12.9级高强度螺栓的扭矩系数、抗拉强度和剪切强度的设计参考值,将抗滑移系数和相关规范中给出的相应值(规范值)进行比较并分析测值较低的原因,建立螺栓材料的非线性和多折线应力-应变本构模型并验证模型精度。研究结果表明：国产12.9级高强度螺栓的扭矩系数和抗拉强度均符合性能标准,剪切强度和抗拉强度设计建议值的比值（0.49）高于二者规范值的比值（0.3）;抗滑移系数低于规范值的结果有待进一步研究,原因是接触面的粗糙度不足;非线性模型和多折线模型均能较好地拟合12.9级高强度螺栓材料的单向拉伸应力-应变曲线。     

Q690D高强钢螺栓连接疲劳性能试验研究

为探究Q690D高强度钢材螺栓连接的疲劳性能,对Q690D高强钢母材、有孔板和螺栓连接三组试件进行疲劳试验,拟合了S-N设计曲线,并与现行规范进行比较,对其疲劳特性及疲劳寿命给予评价。试验结果表明：Q690D高强钢母材、有孔板、螺栓连接疲劳极限比GB50017理论计算值分别提高了170%、76.02%、47.76%,比AISC360理论计算值分别提高了200%、131.77%、70.49%,说明Q690D高强钢螺栓连接具有较高的抗疲劳能力。讨论了应力集中与螺栓预紧力对试件疲劳强度的影响,应力集中系数越大,疲劳强度越小,螺栓预紧力能缓和应力集中程度,可间接提高疲劳寿命。基于零塑性累积应变率假设得到了疲劳损伤公式,应力集中在一定程度上可以反应损伤发展,损伤曲线可以解释疲劳破坏机理。