干湿循环条件下水泥粉煤灰固化南沙淤泥土试验研究

通过水泥和粉煤灰等固化剂对南沙淤泥进行固化处理,并在模拟滨海环境下进行干湿循环试验,通过无侧限抗压强度试验、直剪试验、扫描电镜试验,研究不同干湿循环次数和不同水泥粉煤灰掺量对其力学性能和微观结构的影响。研究结果表明:固化淤泥土的内摩擦角、黏聚力、无侧限抗压强度随干湿循环次数的增加而呈现先上升后下降的特点,随着水泥,粉煤灰掺量的增加而增加。微观试验结果表明:干湿循环影响固化淤泥土中胶凝体晶体颗粒的生成,从而影响固化土结构的致密性。     

引江济淮工程膨胀土水泥改性剂量研究

膨胀土具有遇水膨胀、失水收缩的工程特性,掺加一定量水泥对其进行改性是处理膨胀土的主要方法之一。选取引江济淮工程弱膨胀土,通过对素膨胀土和改性土的自由膨胀率、界限含水率及无侧限抗压强度的试验分析,揭示了水泥掺量和养护日期对引江济淮工程弱膨胀土的物理力学性质的影响。试验结果表明:(1)随掺灰率的增加,改性膨胀土的自由膨胀率、液限、塑性指数均降低,无侧限抗压强度增加;(2)随养护日期的增加,自由膨胀率、液限、塑性指数减小,无侧限抗压强度增大;(3)基于本研究试验结果,同时综合考虑工程实际,建议引江济淮工程弱膨胀土水泥改性剂量为4%。     

用生石灰改良膨胀岩基床的室内试验研究

阐述了膨胀岩基床病害的发生机理。以生石灰作为改良剂，通过室内试验，从强碱环境和多次干湿循环后的无侧限抗压强度两方面综合考虑，确定了最佳生石灰掺入量。研究了用生石灰改良膨胀岩的工程性质，从而降低了膨胀岩的湿化性和膨胀性，提高了无侧限抗压强度。     

水泥固化重金属污染土干湿循环特性试验研究

水泥固化/稳定法是修复污染土地基的常用方法,修复后的固化土在外界环境干湿循环作用下的稳定性如何是事关修复成败的关键所在。通过系统的室内试验,着重研究了水泥固化Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺污染土在干湿循环作用下的强度特性、淋滤特性以及微结构变化规律,揭示了水泥固化重金属污染土的微观作用机制。试验结果表明,固化土体的强度及淋滤特性随着水泥掺量的增加得到了显著改善。固化重金属污染土的无侧限抗压强度随干湿循环次数的增加先增大,达到峰值后,随干湿循环次数的继续增大而减小。污染物掺量较低时,重金属离子的滤出浓度在干湿循环作用初期略有降低,此后则有所增加,但变化幅度较小;高污染物掺量时,滤出液中的重金属离子浓度较高,且随着干湿循环次数的增加而不断增大。低污染物掺量下,水泥对Pb²⁺及Zn²⁺固化效果相差不大;高污染物掺量下,水泥对Zn²⁺的固化效果较好。经过干湿循环作用后的固化土的扫描电镜试验结果与与其宏观力学及淋滤特性指标变化规律一致,从微观角度揭示了固化土工程性质的变化机制。     

粉煤灰及电石渣改良膨胀土干湿循环特性研究

向膨胀土中加入火山灰类添加剂可有效改善其胀缩特性,但连续干湿循环气候可能改变改良土的胀缩稳定性,并导致其强度降低。通过系统的室内试验对粉煤灰、电石渣改良膨胀土进行了干湿循环试验,分析其微观结构变化特征。试验结果表明,随着干湿循环次数的增加,改良土的膨胀性增大,无侧限抗压强度降低;与未经干湿循环的试样相比,经过干湿循环的试样内部大孔隙增多,颗粒排列状态被扰动。     

复合方法改良膨胀土无侧限抗压强度试验研究

本文以改良膨胀土标准养护7 d的无侧限抗压强度为研究对象,分别在膨胀土中掺入水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、风化砂来进行单一方法改良,测试其无侧限抗压强度;在膨胀土中分别掺入水泥和风化砂、石灰和风化砂、粉煤灰和风化砂来进行复合方法改良,进行无侧限抗压强度试验。试验结果表明,在膨胀土中分别单一掺入水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、风化砂均能有效提高改良膨胀土的无侧限抗压强度,而且石灰、粉煤灰、风化砂的掺入量均有一个最佳值,使改良膨胀土的无侧限抗压强度达到最大值,从提高膨胀土无侧限抗压强度的角度来讲,单一方法改良的效果由好到差依次是水泥、石灰、风化砂、粉煤灰。而在膨胀土中分别掺入水泥和风化砂、石灰和风化砂、粉煤灰和风化砂来进行复合方法改良,无侧限抗压强度值均有了大幅度的提升,从提高无侧限抗压强度的角度来看,水泥和风化砂复合改良的效果要优于石灰和风化砂复合改良的效果,粉煤灰和风化砂复合改良的效果最差。通过复合改良方法与单一改良方法对比,可以发现,在相同条件下,复合改良方法的无侧限抗压强度值要比单一改良方法大得多,复合改良方法要大大优于单一改良方法。     

毛细水干湿循环对土遗址风化影响的试验研究

地下水位的波动引起毛细水对上部遗址体的反复作用,导致遗址体处于干湿循环交替的状态中,从而致使土遗址不断经受反复的湿胀干缩变化,使得遗址体内部发育大量的裂隙,内部结构变疏松,对遗址体造成极大的破坏,最终使遗址体抵抗外界侵蚀的能力下降,加速了土遗址的风化劣变。采用西安地区凤栖塬黄土模拟遗址原址土样进行室内干湿循环模拟试验,研究了在毛细水作用下经过多次干湿循环后,土样的外观形貌、无侧限抗压强度、抗水崩解性、微观结构的变化以及抗压强度随含水率的变化规律,结果表明:随着干湿循环次数的增加,土样的裂隙不断加以发育并相互贯通、无侧限抗压强度逐渐下降、崩解速度整体上呈现出上升的趋势、土颗粒粒径变小且空隙间距变大。     

冻融循环作用下钢渣粉改良膨胀土的膨胀与压缩性能试验

通过掺加水泥、钢渣粉及氢氧化钠改良膨胀土,进行无荷膨胀率试验、无侧限抗压强度试验及三轴压缩试验。研究冻融循环条件下水泥改良膨胀土(ES-C)、钢渣粉水泥改良膨胀土(ES-SSP-C)及钢渣粉水泥氢氧化钠改良膨胀土(ES-SSP-C-SH)的力学性能。结果表明:各改良土的自由膨胀率排序为ES-SSP-C试样ES-C试样>ES-SSP-C试样;随龄期的增长,各试样的强度均呈持续上升态势,相同循环次数的试样强度也随龄期的增长而增大。三轴压缩时,改良后的膨胀土的破坏面并未贯穿整个试样。研究表明钢渣粉改良膨胀土具有较大优势,掺加钢渣粉具有抵抗冻融侵蚀的作用。     

福建土楼夯土试块在干湿循环的抗压强度试验研究

为研究湿度变化对土楼夯土强度的影响规律,从而对福建土楼的结构性能进行深入的研究,为保护土楼提供理论依据.通过模拟福建土楼当地干湿交替的气候变化特征,利用恒温恒湿箱进行试验,研究干湿循环对夯土试块的抗压强度的影响.测试了原状土、重塑土和新土三种夯土试块在干湿交替作用过程中的质量、含水率和抗压强度,系统分析试块的质量、含水率和抗压强度的变化规律与影响因素.结果表明:三种试块的质量随循环次数的增加而减少;含水率总体上随干湿循环次数的增加而下降;重塑土试块和新土试块的抗压强度随干湿循环次数的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势.     

含硫石灰土工程特性的改良措施研究

炉渣和粉煤灰改善了含硫石灰土的强度性能,抑制了含硫石灰土的膨胀变形。随炉渣含量增加,石灰土的无侧限抗压强度增加。龄期小于180d的石灰土的无侧限抗压强度随炉渣含量增加幅度大;龄期大于180d的石灰土的抗压强度随炉渣含量增加幅度小。随粉煤灰含量增加,石灰土的无侧限抗压强度增加。龄期小于30d,石灰土的无侧限抗压强度随粉煤灰含量基本呈线性增加;龄期大于30d,石灰土的无侧限抗压强度随粉煤灰含量增加而增加,但增加幅度随粉煤灰含量增加而减小。     

Durability of soft clay soil stabilized with recycled Bassanite and furnace cement mixtures

This study examines the wetting–drying durability of soft clay soil stabilized with recycled Bassanite, produced from gypsum waste. Specifically, this study focuses on an investigation of the effects of the moisture conditions on the strength performance and durability of very soft clay soil stabilized with Bassanite and furnace cement mixtures during the wetting–drying cycles, referred to as weathering conditions in this study. Cylindrical stabilized soil specimens were produced and then cured for 28 days. The cured specimens were subjected to different numbers of wetting–drying cycles, and then tested for unconfined compressive strength. The results show that the compressive strength increased with an increase in the Bassanite content for the different wetting–drying cycles investigated. The increase in the Bassanite content is associated with the increase in the dry unit weight, as well as in the decrease in the moisture content of the stabilized specimens for the different wetting–drying cycles investigated. The compressive strength of the soil stabilized with the Bassanite and furnace cement mixtures gradually decreases with an increase in the number of wetting–drying cycles, and the earlier cycles are seen to have a more negative effect on durability than the later cycles. Generally, the influence of the wetting–drying cycles on changes in the strength, durability and volume of the soft clay soil stabilized with Bassanite and furnace cement mixtures is not significant. This is evidence that the use of recycled Bassanite, produced from gypsum waste to stabilize soft clay soil, achieves acceptable durability, raises the strength performance and improves the engineering properties of soft clay soil in a wet environment. In addition, the effective use of gypsum waste contributes to the development of a sustainable society by reducing the huge quantity of solid waste and establishing a sound environment.     

The role of carbide lime and fly ash blends on the geotechnical properties of clay soils

Carbide lime is a by-product obtained during the manufacturing of acetylene from the reaction of calcium carbide and water. A major portion of carbide lime is dumped in waste deposition areas, creating an environmental problem. Carbide lime and fly ash have possible applications in slope stabilization, subgrade improvement of roads, and soil treatments under shallow foundations. A series of Atterberg limits tests, compaction tests, unconfined compressive strength tests, ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, and wetting–drying tests were performed on carbide lime and fly ash treated clay soils to evaluate the effects of additive content, curing time, strength development, and the effects of wetting and drying. A total of 8% of carbide lime constituted the fixation point, and peak strength was achieved at 12% carbide lime content. A total amount of 25% additive was found as a threshold changing the Atterberg limits. Test results indicated that the strength of the treated soil improved by the existence of carbide lime and fly ash; best performance was observed in 28-day specimens with 10% carbide lime and 20% fly ash content reaching to 8 times larger strength than untreated soil. The failure patterns of the specimens reflected the curing time and wetting–drying effects. Although, the application of wetting–drying cycles deteriorated the treated soil, the presence of carbide lime partially prevented the strength loss. New relationships between normalized strength and curing time depending on carbide lime content were proposed. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the unconfined compressive strength and the ultrasonic pulse velocity of the treated soils was established.

     

石灰土强度与最优施工含水率关系研究

为了研究石灰改良膨胀土得最优施工含水率与石灰土相关强度的关系,文中以某边坡膨胀土为研究对象,进行了直剪试验、CBR及无侧限抗压强度等相关强度的试验研究,研究了最优施工含水率、掺灰率与膨胀土强度的关系,试验结果表明石灰土的直剪、CBR值及无侧限抗压强度曲线与施工含水率的关系曲线类似于击实曲线,且最优施工含水率随着掺灰率的增大而线性增大,强度与掺灰率的关系曲线与击实曲线类似,存在最优掺灰率,这些结果的得出对现行石灰土路基施工控制参数的确定方法改进具有一定的指导作用。     

铁尾矿砂改良膨胀土基本工程性质试验研究

研究利用工业废料铁尾矿砂作为添加剂改良膨胀土的可行性与改良效果。通过室内试验,对尾矿砂改良土的基本物理性质指标、膨胀性指标、强度指标以及微观结构进行了研究。试验结果表明,随着掺砂率的增大,试验土样的界限含水率及塑性指数都减小;自由膨胀率、有荷膨胀率和膨胀力等膨胀特性指标随掺砂率的增大均降低。无侧限抗压强度和黏聚力随着掺砂率的增加先增大后减小,在掺砂率为30%时达到最大;内摩擦角随着掺砂率增大而增大。通过观察SEM试验结果,发现在掺砂率为30%时,改良土结构处于最稳定状态,说明掺铁尾矿砂改良膨胀土具有显著效果,为膨胀土改良提供了一种新方法。综合考虑各项指标,认为铁尾矿砂改良膨胀土的最佳掺入比应为30%。     

南阳中膨胀土水泥改性的室内试验研究

取南水北调中线工程南阳段自由膨胀率77%的中膨胀土,开展了一系列不同水泥掺灰率和不同龄期下,压实度为98%试样的物理力学特性试验。通过对素膨胀土与改性膨胀土的胀缩性、界限含水率、级配及无侧限抗压强度的对比,揭示了掺灰率及养护龄期对膨胀土改性效果的影响。试验结果表明:(1)随掺灰率的增加,改性膨胀土的胀缩性指标及反映黏土亲水性的液限和塑性指数均降低、胶粒含量减小、级配曲线随趋于平缓、无侧限抗压强度和弹性模量增加;合理的掺灰率应取6%;(2)随养护龄期的增加,胀缩性指标、液限、塑性指数、胶粒含量减小,无侧限抗压强度和弹性模量则增大。     

击实膨胀土的循环膨胀特性研究

主要研究了干湿循环对击实膨胀土胀缩特性的影响。研究结果表明,击实膨胀土的胀缩变形并不是完全可逆的,随干湿循环的发展,膨胀土的膨胀速率加快,绝对膨胀率总是增大而相对膨胀率则降低。这种变化在第Ⅱ、Ⅲ级循环时最明显,第Ⅲ级循环后便趋于稳定。这些变化特性主要是粘粒集聚、微结构改变的结果。