熔融结晶的过程强化

熔融结晶作为一种绿色高效的分离技术具有选择性高、能量消耗低、无须溶剂参与等优势,但在结晶理论研究、连续化生产、专用结晶器设计和工业放大等方面仍面临挑战。熔融结晶分离效率受物系性质、原料纯度和晶体生长速率限制。因此,熔融结晶过程的合理设计和过程优化对提高熔融结晶技术的能量和过程效率具有重要意义。基于熔融结晶技术在化工分离过程中的实际需求和应用前景,从熔融结晶过程工艺优化、晶体层生长表面设计、过程工艺耦合三方面论述熔融结晶过程中晶体成核、生长的强化方式,为达到高效率、低能耗的熔融结晶分离过程提供可行性指导。最后,概述了目前熔融结晶技术的主要研究焦点并对发展方向进行了展望。     

熔融结晶技术分离纯化有机化合物的研究进展

熔融结晶技术是利用被分离物质各组分间凝固点的差异,通过控制热量的输入和移出,使被分离组分从熔融液中结晶析出,经洗涤、发汗等操作,实现目标组分分离纯化的一种结晶技术。熔融结晶分离纯化技术由于具有不需要使用溶剂、能耗低、设备体积小、能得到高纯产品等优点,在有机化合物的分离纯化领域得到了广泛应用。本文简述了熔融结晶的方式,介绍了熔融结晶器的类型,综述了熔融结晶技术分离纯化有机同分异构体、有机化工原料、日用品、食品和药品的研究进展,分析了熔融结晶技术分离纯化有机化合物过程中存在的问题,展望了熔融结晶技术分离纯化有机化合物的发展方向。文中指出：随着熔融结晶技术的发展,以提高产品质量,减小能耗和降低成本为目的的耦合熔融结晶技术已成为熔融结晶技术发展的方向。以包含熔融结晶设备、工艺、晶体成核和生长动力学、发汗机理以及传热传质模型的系统工程将会成为熔融结晶分离纯化有机化合物的研究热点。     

熔融结晶工艺研究及应用

介绍了熔融结晶技术的发展现状、原理、分类、优势以及应用,重点阐述了提高熔融结晶效率的方法,对熔融结晶的发展进行了展望。     

熔融结晶技术及应用进展

熔融结晶作为一种高效节能、操作简便、环境友好的分离提纯技术,在国内外备受关注。介绍了熔融结晶技术的原理、优势及其在无机物及有机物分离提纯方面的应用,并指出了熔融结晶法目前存在的缺点及发展方向。     

熔融结晶及其耦合技术研究的进展

介绍逐步冻凝熔融结晶过程和悬浮熔融结晶过程以及各自特点,综述了近年来新型熔融结晶技术与设备的应用研究进展;着重介绍了耦合技术在熔融结晶过程中的应用研究动态;最后展望了熔融结晶技术与设备的发展趋势与方向。     

结晶技术在医药生产中的应用

论述了溶液结晶、熔融结晶和反应结晶等传统结晶技术及耦合、物理场促进结晶等新型结晶技术的特点及其在医药生产中的应用进展,并展望了医药结晶技术的应用前景及其未来发展方向。     

熔融结晶技术及其应用

介绍了熔融结晶技术的发展现状、原理、特点、装置、优势以及应用。认为熔融结晶技术不需溶剂、耗能小、设备简单，对难精馏、高沸点有机化舍物分离提纯有独特功能。但结晶过程的耦合传质、传热理论研究还不够透彻；应加强结晶器和结晶分离技术的研究，提高分离效率，从而加快熔融结晶精制技术的发展应用。满足工业新材料应用的需要。     

熔融温度对聚偏氟乙烯等温结晶行为的影响

采用溶液浇铸法制备了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)薄膜,通过傅里叶红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪表征了PVDF熔融等温结晶的晶体结构后,使用一种循环熔融—结晶技术研究了不同熔融温度对PVDF等温结晶行为的影响。结果表明,PVDF熔融冷却结晶的样品得到的是α晶型;PVDF的平衡熔点约为197℃;当熔融温度处于平衡熔点以上时,熔融温度对PVDF的等温结晶影响较小;而当熔融温度处于平衡熔点以下时,随着熔融温度的降低,PVDF球晶数量增多、尺寸变小。     

熔融结晶工艺开发

通过对熔融结晶工艺的研究,建立了5条熔融结晶选择的经验法则,从而对选择精馏或者熔融结晶工艺提供了借鉴。同时介绍了熔融结晶工艺的试验和工业化方法,从实践角度验证熔融结晶工艺的可行性。另外,对熔融结晶的发展趋势提出了观点和看法。     

聚苯硫醚PPS结晶性能的影响因素分析

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了分子结构、熔融温度、熔融时间及剪切作用对聚苯硫醚(PPS)结晶性能的影响,并通过热台偏光显微镜研究了结晶过程中PPS的晶体形态变化。结果表明,两种PPS在结晶性能、结晶形态方面存在明显差异,相比Keji-PPS,Kureha-PPS在结晶时成核速率更快,且结晶温度更高;在同等物料状态下,同一PPS粉末料和颗粒料的结晶温度和熔融温度也存在较大差别;熔融温度和熔融时间对Kureha-PPS的结晶性能影响较大,剪切对其结晶性能影响则较小;随着熔融温度的升高,其最大结晶温度下降,而随着熔融时间的增加,其最大结晶温度增大;Kureha-PPS在降温结晶过程中,所形成的球晶尺寸小而细密。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。